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The effect of the applied electric field on the diffusion activation energy of Cu crystal was studied by the first-principles calculation and current assisted sintering. The results show that the applied electric field and current reduce the difficulty of Cu vacancy generation, but the atomic migration energy is almost unchanged, resulting in a slight decrease in diffusion activation energy after reaching the electric field intensity (current density) threshold (2 V·Å‒1 (307.1 A·cm‒2)), and a sharp decrease after exceeding the threshold; finally, after the electric field intensity (current density) reaching 5 V·Å‒1 (708.5 A·cm‒2), the vacancy formation energy gradually decreases to 0, the diffusion activation energy drops to the critical value, and the critical value of diffusion activation energy decreases by about 60.2% compared with that of the threshold value. The diffusion activation energy shows a regular decline trend under the action of electric field or current, and the experimental results show a good positive correlation with the first-principle simulation results.

The microstructure morphology， low-temperature performance， and corrosion resistance of hot-rolled and normalized condition Gr.6 steel pipes were analyzed using optical microscopy， scanning electron microscopy， transmission electron microscopy， mechanical testing， and corrosion testing. The results show that the low-temperature mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the developed low-temperature seamless steel pipe Gr.6 in the hot-rolled and normalized states meet the standard requirements. The microstructure in the hot-rolled state is pearlite and ferrite， with uniform and fine grains， but the banded structure is obvious.The precipitated phase is mainly composed of TiN particles， which undergo a ductile brittle transition at -60 ℃. After 900 ℃ normalizing heat treatment， the grains become finer， with a grain size of 10 grade or above. The proportion of large angle grain boundary differences in the normalized state sample is higher than that in the hot-rolled state， and the density of the large angle interface also increases. The precipitate phase is mainly TiN and a small amount of VN particles， and no ductile brittle transition has occurred at -80 ℃.The corrosion behavior of the material was studied through polarization tests with fast and slow polarization scanning rates. Corrosion tests have shown that the stress corrosion sensitivity of normalized specimens is relatively low in electrochemical simulation solutions， while the stress corrosion sensitivity of hot-rolled specimens is relatively high. Therefore， the electrochemical corrosion performance of the normalized state is better than that of the hot-rolled state， and it is suitable for more harsh corrosion environments.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of clear aligner for crowded dentition in early permanent teeth by moving the upper and lower molars far. Methods A total of 36 adolescent patients with Class Ⅰ Angle malocclusion admitted in our department from March 2017 to August 2023 were enrolled, and they were 17 males and 19 females, and at a mean age of 13.20±0.53 years. Clear aligner was applied to push the upper and lower molars backward to obtain a neat dentition. Lateral cephalometric X-ray film before and after treatment was measured, and paired t-test was used to compare the cephalometric measurements before and after treatment. Results The average course of treatment was 21.2 months. Overbite, overjet and molar relationship were turned to normal after treatment, and the soft tissue profile was maintained. Analysis of relevant cephalometric items showed that the Ptm-U6 distance was decreased by 2.89±1.22 mm, and the Go-L6 distance was decreased by 2.61±1.07 mm after treatment, with significant differences (P < 0.01). While, there were no statistically differences in UL-EP, LL-EP, NLA and FCA before and after treatment. Conclusion With reasonable treatment target and good tooth movement design, clear aligner can effectively move the upper and lower molar distally to correct moderate dentition congestion in early permanent teeth, and meanwhile the patients' profile is maintained.

Carnosine dipeptidase 1 (CNDP1), an enzyme integral to the hydrolysis of dipeptides containing histidine, plays an indispensable role in myriad physiological processes, including hydrolysis of proteins, maturation of specific biochemical functionalities within proteins, tissue regeneration, and regulation of cell cycle. However, the implications of CNDP1 in oncogenesis and its prognostic value are not yet fully elucidated. Initially, we procured the GSE40367 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus and established a protein–protein interaction network. Thereafter, we conducted functional and pathway enrichment analyses utilizing GO, KEGG, and GSEA. Moreover, we undertook an association analysis concerning the expression of CNDP1 with immune infiltration, along with survival analysis across various cancers and specifically in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our study uncovered a total of 2,248 differentially expressed genes, with a down-regulation of CNDP1 in HCC and other cancers. Our explorations into the relationship between CNDP1 and immune infiltration disclosed a negative correlation between CNDP1 expression and the presence of immune cells in HCC. Survival analyses revealed that diminished expression of CNDP1 correlates with an adverse prognosis in HCC and several other types of cancer. These observations intimate that CNDP1 holds promise as a novel prognostic biomarker for both pan-cancer and HCC.

Effective treatment of plant biomass with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is crucial for phytoremediation. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) offers an economical and eco-friendly solution by converting biomass into high-value hydrochar. However, the effects of reaction temperature and medium on the characteristics and metals distribution in hydrochars from PTEs-containing biomass remain unclear. This study explores the effects of different hydrothermal temperature (180–240 °C) and reaction media (H2O, HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4) on the hydrothermal properties of willow biomass containing PTEs, and the distribution and transfer rules of PTEs (Cd and Zn) and the application potential of hydrochar. The results indicated that hydrothermal temperature and acid medium significantly influenced WB conversion, affecting hydrochar properties such as carbonization degree and surface functional groups. Higher hydrothermal temperatures enhanced Cd and Zn fixation in the solid phase, while acid facilitated their migration to the liquid phase. More than 91.08 % of Cd and 88.41 % of Zn in the acid-added system are migrated into the liquid phase at hydrothermal temperature of 180 °C Hydrochar prepared under 180 °C and H3PO4 exhibited excellent adsorption performance for Cd2+ and Cu2+ (2.17 mg/g and 34.38 mg/g, respectively) in aqueous solution. Additionally, hydrochars exhibit high calorific values (20.52–28.01 MJ/kg), suggesting their potential as biofuel. This study provides technical foundation to support the resource processing and safe utilization of forest biomass containing PTEs.

Panax japonicus has long been utilized as an herbal remedy in Chinese traditional medicine for treating various diseases. In this investigation, we present the environmentally friendly silver nanoparticle (AgNP) synthesis by the aqueous extract of P. japonicas to follow its cardioprotective effects. Through various analytical methods, we identified the nanoparticles (NPs). Our XRD findings revealed the formation of Ag@P. japonicus, while FE-SEM imagery indicated a spherical shape, with NPs measuring less than 40 nm. The UV–Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy confirm the green synthesis of Ag@P. japonicus. In the medicinal section, 45 Wistar rats were utilized. These groups consisted of a normal group, a group that was solely treated with isoproterenol for inducing myocardial infarction, and two groups that were pretreated with AgNPs at different doses for 14 days. These pretreated groups were then challenged with isoproterenol. The expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and other downstream inflammatory and apoptotic mediators were followed. Additionally, the expression of Keap1, Nrf2, ECG, cardiac markers, and other downstream antioxidant enzymes were assessed. Treatment with AgNPs ameliorated the apoptosis, inflammation, and myocardial autophagy, regulated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, increased the antioxidant enzyme efficacies, and activated the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. The findings suggest that AgNPs may have a cardioprotective efficacy on myocardial infarction by mitigating the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, GST, GPx, GSH, SOD, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB, Bax, Bcl2, caspase-9, caspase-3, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, the treatment decreased the infarct region size, attenuated the cardiac indicators levels, and mitigated immune cell infiltration and myocardial necrosis.

Alzheimer's disease(AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease, has shown an increasing incidence among younger people. With the onset of disease, most patients' cognitive function will show a progressive decline, bringing a heavy burden to the society and the family. Studies have shown that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD through multiple mechanisms. This article reviews the mechanism of FGF in AD, with the hope of providing new ideas for elucidating the pathogenesis and early diagnosis of AD.

In response to the impact of the widespread integration of new energy sources on the secure operation of distribution networks， a study is undertaken to explore a multi-time scale interactive strategy for distributed electro-hydrogen coupled systems， incorporating hybrid energy storage and distribution networks. Firstly， interactive mechanisms including the balancing service mechanism and demand response mechanism between distributed electro-hydrogen coupled systems and distribution networks are proposed. Secondly， based on game theory， medium-to-long-term and short-term interactive strategies are formulated for electro-hydrogen coupled systems and distribution networks. Finally， a simulation analysis is executed utilizing the distribution networks and distributed electro-hydrogen coupled system in a representative region as an illustrative example. The outcomes of the case study underscore that hydrogen storage exhibits an advantage in medium-to-long-term interactions due to its cross-period characteristics. Electrochemical storage， distinguished by its rapid response， proves more suitable for short-term interactions. In comparison to singular energy storage systems， a hybrid electro-hydrogen storage system can effectively mitigate difference between peak and valley loads， enhancing system benefits， and seamlessly aligning with the existing distribution network system.

Background: To investigate the predictive value of specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and regulatory T cells (Treg) on the risk of postoperative recurrence in patients with eosinophilic Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (EcRswNP). Methods: A total of 198 patients with EcRswNP collected to our Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected as the research subjects. All patients underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The patients were selected to recurrence group (RG, n = 48) and nonrecurrence group (NRG, n = 150) on the basis of the recurrence after 1 year of follow-up. The related factors of postoperative recurrence of EcRswNP were analyzed. The ROC was used to analyze the dangerous of sIgE, IL-6 and Treg in predicting postoperative recurrence of EcRswNP patients. Results: The proportion of asthma patients, nasal congestion VAS score, and peripheral blood Eos% content in the RG exceeded that in the NRG, and the Organization Neu % and peripheral blood Neu% levels were less than those in the NRGp (P all < 0.05). The serum sIgE and serum IL6 in the RG were higher than those in the NRG, while the level of peripheral blood Treg was lower than that in the NRG (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that high levels of serum sIgE, serum IL-6 and low Treg levels were risk factors for postoperative recurrence (P < 0.05). ROC showed that the AUC of peripheral blood sIgE level, IL-6 and Treg levels alone in predicting the dangerous of postoperative recurrence in patients with EcRswNP were 0.786, 0.707 and 0.636, respectively (all P < 0.05); The AUC of combined prediction of peripheral blood sIgE, IL-6 and Treg levels for postoperative recurrence dangerous in patients with EcRswNP was 0.973, indicating that the efficacy of jointed prediction was exceed than that of single prediction (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The high levels of sIgE, IL6 and low Treg levels in patients with EcRswNP before operation will increase the risk of postoperative recurrence, which is a risk factor affecting postoperative recurrence, and the three indicators have good predictive value for predicting postoperative recurrence in patients with EcRswNP, and the combination of the three indicators has better value in predicting postoperative recurrence.

Camellia minima, a rare and endangered species of sect. Chrysantha, has not been previously explored in terms of its chloroplast genome. Utilizing the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform, the chloroplast genome sequence of C. minima was sequenced, assembled, annotated, and analysed. The results were as follows: (1) The chloroplast genome of C. minima was 156 961 bp in length, embodied a typical tetrad structure, and contained 136 annotated genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 41 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. (2) The analysis identified 66 SSR loci and 39 repetitive sequences. (3) Codons prefered to use codons ending in A/U. Comprehensive effective number of codons (ENC) mapping, PR2-plot, and neutral analyses suggested natural selection as a primary factor shaping codon usage patterns. (4) Boundary analysis showed variation in the length and position of the ycf1 gene among different species of yellow Camellia. (5) Phylogenetic analysis of the chloroplast genomes of published sect. Chrysantha species revealed that C. minima was most closely related to C. micrantha. This study provides crucial references for exploring species evolution and enhancing exogenous gene expression, establishing a theoretical foundation for the conservation and utilization of species of sect. Chrysantha in the future.

To alleviate the increasingly severe global warming problem and achieve carbon neutrality goals, the carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology has attracted widespread attention as an important breakthrough direction. High-performance adsorption separation technology is the key to the implementation of CCUS technology. For the currently largest and most difficult-to-handle low-concentration CO_2 emission, such as direct capture of CO_2 from air, considering factors such as capture energy consumption and cost, pressure swing adsorption has obvious advantages over chemical absorption, membrane separation, or other technologies. The selection of suitable adsorption materials is crucial. This article reviews several main types of CO_2 solid porous adsorbents at present stage, including carbon materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), molecular sieves, amine-modified solid porous materials, and polyionic liquids, expounds their related research progress and existing problems in CO_2 capture process, and briefly introduces the subsequent industrial applications. The issues for current low concentration CO_2 capture technologies to be addressed are associated with the adsorbent regeneration and diffusion problems and the prospects for the conversion and reuse process of captured CO_2.

As renewable energy with no pollution but wide sources and high calorific value， hydrogen becomes increasingly important in the context of energy shortage and dual carbon goals. The safety of liquid hydrogen is an important factor impeding its application. In this regard， the research results of worldwide liquid hydrogen safety in recent years are summarized. The hazards of liquid hydrogen are discussed in view of its low temperature， leakage， and combustion. The research results of the liquid hydrogen leakage and dispersion law from experimental and numerical simulations are introduced. The latest research progress of liquid hydrogen safety protection measures is outlined. Overall， the hazards of liquid hydrogen have now been fully understood， but liquid hydrogen leakage and dispersion laws must be further studied. There are few experimental data on liquid hydrogen leakage and dispersion， and the related numerical simulations still face many difficulties. No comprehensive standards， laws， and regulations are yet formulated for the safety requirements of liquid hydrogen storage， transportation and application.

The hydrogen energy storage technology based on the electric-hydrogen conversion mechanisms can realize wind and PV power consumption， smooth out wind and PV power fluctuations， and thus can be used as an important form of renewable energy power generation support. The construction of multivariate simulation models is an important means to promote the design and control of a wind-PV-hydrogen coupling system. The mechanistic models and common simplified models of wind power generation， photovoltaic power generation， and hydrogen production through electrolysis are introduced. The coupling characteristics of different renewable energy generation and hydrogen production are compared. Moreover， the application value of simulation models in operation and control optimization， source-grid-load interaction， and capacity configuration is illustrated based on domestic and foreign modeling cases. In view of the present technology development， the development of technology is analyzed and foreseen concerning the multi-physical field， multi-time scale， and multi-element to guide and facilitate the construction of related platforms and projects to accelerate the energy mix transformation towards zero-carbon energy supply and green energy use through the review of the basis for modeling of coupled hydrogen production from renewable energy sources.

Traditional basketball free-throw hitting probability prediction mainly relies on naked eye vision to analyze basketball players, which makes it difficult to achieve stable and accurate free-throw hitting probability prediction. In this study, we propose a deep learning-based algorithm for recognizing basketball free throw poses and predicting the probability of hitting free throws, and we build a corresponding system framework. DetectNet is used to screen free throw motion detectors, real-time estimate and recognition of free throw poses, and code rewriting. At the same time, Open Pose is used as a human skeletal joint point detector to extract the joint point information of the free throw shooter. The joint points with wrong information are repaired, and the classification prediction of the free throw hitting result is realized based on the support vector machine. In the performance simulation experiments, the average accuracy of the free throw pose recognition method proposed in this paper is as high as 98.55% on the MSR Action 3D dataset, and the recognition rate of the elbow lift pose, which is the most difficult to recognize, is also higher than that of other comparative algorithms. The hit probability prediction method is also 12.64% and 6.25% more accurate than the OpenPose algorithm in hit-and-miss prediction, and the accuracy has also improved by 4.47% and 5.41%, respectively. The free throw pose recognition and hit probability prediction method in this paper has excellent performance.

Colleges and universities have a singular and one-sided understanding of physical education teaching, and teachers, staff, and students remain in the simple teaching activities of improving students’ physical fitness and learning sports skills. Aiming at such problems, according to the feasibility of integrating curriculum ideology into physical education teaching in colleges and universities, the physical education teaching based on curriculum ideology in the field of artificial intelligence is designed, and the implementation and training path of this teaching mode is pointed out in detail. On the basis of the principle of the construction of the evaluation index system, the evaluation indexes are screened and corrected through the combination of searching for literature and expert guidance, and the evaluation index system of physical education teaching effect based on the course of thinking and politics is finally determined. Substitute the evaluation index data into the corresponding judgment matrix, use the hierarchical analysis algorithm to conduct a consistency test on the judgment matrix, derive the evaluation index weight value, and complete the construction of the teaching evaluation model. The constructed evaluation model is used to evaluate and analyze the physical education teaching effect of the pooled course Civics. The data show that the weight of C1 is 0.351, while the weight value of D1 is 0.120, and the other is the same. The final result of the comprehensive evaluation and analysis of physical education teaching by integrating curriculum ideology and politics is 3.3573, which indicates that the path of integrating curriculum ideology and politics into physical education teaching in colleges and universities mentioned above can effectively promote the overall development of students’ morality, intelligence, physical fitness, aesthetics, and labor. This study not only provides direction for ideological and political work but also provides theoretical support for physical education in schools.

Steamed bread is one of the traditional Chinese staple foods. With the increasing in the proportion of mechanized production and market-oriented sales of steamed bread, the steamed bread industry has been developing rapidly. Under the production conditions of industrial steamed bread, the characteristics of wheat varieties and their corresponding flour suitability for making steamed bread, especially the stability of flour, could significantly affect the product quality, consumption experience and economic benefits of industrialized steamed bread. In this study, the physical and chemical properties of flours from wheat varieties with larger planting area and stronger representatives in southwest Henan were analyzed for the suitability of steamed bread, and the relationships between flour and steamed bread quality properties were also studied. The results showed that the wet gluten content of wheat flour in southwest Henan was high, but the gluten index needed to be improved. The proportion of strong-gluten wheat variety also needed to be improved. The values of flour color a* b *, gluten index, the dough softening by Farinograph, the area by Extensograph and the extensibility (L) by Alveograph are important reference indicators for evaluating the quality of flour for steamed bread. The wheat varieties of Zhengmai 119, Pingmai 998, Shaanxi Road 198, Zhengmai 1342, and Zhengmai 1860 are more suitable for making steamed breads.

Through the chain operation of the catering for the Lanzhou ramen noodles (hand-extended noodles) traditional noodle products become a model for brand management and a sample of product-driven catering industrial development. In the process of Lanzhou ramen chain operation, the supply of wheat flour suitable for making Lanzhou ramen and flour standardization are one of the main problems affecting business benefit and product quality. Milling companies need wheat ingredients and flour standards for making Lanzhou ramen. Flours of wheat varieties mainly cultivated in Guanzhong Plain were used as raw materials, the ramen was made by professional ramen masters. The ramen were evaluated by full-time food sensory evaluators, so wheat flour suitable for making Lanzhou ramen is screened out to provide a reference basis for the formulation of ramen standards. The results showed that in the sensory evaluation of ramen making process, the ramen master was more sensitive to “Extending force”, followed by “Degree of mixing and hardness of dough”. The wheat varieties of Xinong 583, Zhengmai 366, Weilong 169, Xinong 822, Bainong 207 and Zhongmai 578 as samples were more suitable for making Lanzhou ramen. It was found that the total sensory evaluation score of the ramen making process was closely related to the Alveograph parameters, while the total sensory evaluation score of the ramen product after cooking was closely related to the Extensograph parameters.

Programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) occur during antigen receptor gene recombination, namely V(D)J recombination in developing B lymphocytes and class switch recombination (CSR) in mature B cells. Repair of these DSBs by classical end-joining (c-NHEJ) enables the generation of diverse BCR repertoires for efficient humoral immunity. Deletion of or mutation in c-NHEJ genes in mice and humans confer various degrees of primary immune deficiency and predisposition to lymphoid malignancies that often harbor oncogenic chromosomal translocations. In the absence of c-NHEJ, alternative end-joining (A-EJ) catalyzes robust CSR and to a much lesser extent, V(D)J recombination, but the mechanisms of A-EJ are only poorly defined. In this review, we introduce recent advances in the understanding of A-EJ in the context of V(D)J recombination and CSR with emphases on DSB end processing, DNA polymerases and ligases, and discuss the implications of A-EJ to lymphoid development and chromosomal translocations.

The traditional RGB-based action recognition method is vulnerable to background factors such as illumination and occlusion, which makes the recognition accuracy and real-time performance low. In order to solve the above problems, a 2D skeleton action recognition method incorporating a hierarchical attention mechanism was proposed. Firstly, the human skeleton joints in the video were extracted using the human pose estimation algorithm OpenPose. Secondly, the missing and abnormal points in the extracted skeleton data were pre-processed by the mean-completion method and exponential smoothing method. Finally, a network model based on CNN-LSTM fused with hierarchical attention mechanism, CNN-HALSTM, was constructed to realize action classification. The results show that the recognition accuracy of this method in interactive motion and KTH data sets is 96.73% and 98.35%, and the model parameters are significantly reduced, which has the advantage of real-time performance and is better than other methods of the same type.

The effects of long term ageing on the size and morphology of γ' precipitations in the spray formed nickel-based superalloy FGH100L after subsolvs and supersolvs heat treatment (HT) were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that there are four kinds of γ' phases in the alloys after the subsolvs HT, and during the long term ageing, the sizes of primary, secondary, and large tertiary γ' phases increase while the size of small tertiary γ' phase decreases. None of these γ' phases grow in accordance with the coarsening kinetics as the Lifshitz, Slyozov, and Wagner (LWS) theory during the long term ageing. Apart from the small tertiary γ' phase, other three kinds of γ' phases began splitting in a similar way, and the secondary γ' phase shows the unstable protrusion after ageing for 500 h. No topological close packed (TCP) phase is found in the subsolvs HTed alloys. There are three kinds of γ' phases in the alloys after the supersolvs HT, and during the long term ageing, the primary γ' phase grows up slightly while the secondary and tertiary γ' phases show no obvious change. None of these γ' phases grow in accordance with the coarsening kinetics as LWS theory during the long term ageing. The morphology of primary and tertiary γ' phases changes little, and the secondary γ' phase is splitting at the early stage. No TCP phase is found in the supersolvs HTed alloys. The size and morphology variations of γ' phases in the supersolvs HTed alloys are smaller than those in the subsolvs HTed alloys, indicating that the former has the better microstructure stability.

The trusted computing technology SGX protects the confidentiality and integrity of key codes and data by isolating a trusted execution environment, which can help prevent all kinds of attacks. Firstly, the research background and working principle of SGX were introduced, the research status of SGX in the field of trusted computing were analyzed. Then, sorted out the current application difficulties and solutions of SGX were sorted out and compared with other trusted computing technologies. Finally, SGX technology development direction in the field of trusted computing was discussed.

In the industrial production process of traditionally fermented flour products, the influence of a certain storage period of fresh flour on the production process and product features of Chinese steamed bread(CSB) as fermented food is very prominent, and often causing quality fluctuations. In this paper, the lab-milled 3 flours were taken as 3 repeat samples set under the condition of room temperature, with the tools of dough rheo-fermentation instrument and other equipment. Regular analysis on rheo-fermentation and other properties of the dough, as well as the quality sensory evaluation of Chinese steamed bread (CSB) was conducted to determine a reasonable storage period for fresh wheat flour. The results showed that during the storage processes, the dough stability time increased and the weakening degree decreased, with the dough rheological property improved. The fermentation volume of rheo-fermentometer decreased significantly, so as the volume of the CSB. But the trend of change of the sensory evaluation characteristics of the CSB was not obvious. The test results by instrument Rheo F4 can reflect the rheo-fermentation properties of the dough,wherein rheo-fermentometer, such as the time required for maximum development (T1), maximum development reached by the dough (Hm), and dough development height at final fermentation time (h), have obvious guiding for production of the CSB. We therefore suggest that the flour to be used for the industrial production of CSB should stay in storage for more than 7 days after milling.

Advances in femtosecond laser-material interaction facilitate the extension of maskless optical processing to the high efficiency and deep-subwavelength scale. Here, a hybrid plasmon lithography technique has been demonstrated by irradiating near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses onto the Si material coated with thin Cr films in a vacuum chamber, and superior nanograting structures are found to deeply penetrate through the thin Cr film into the underlying Si substrate. In stark contrast to the common ripple structures formed on the Si surface, the Cr-layer mediated Si nanograting structures not only exhibit the spatially super-regular arrangements with a deep-subwavelength period of 355 nm but also present the nonsinusoidal sharp-edged groove geometry with a large depth-to-width aspect ratio of 2.1. Theoretical analyses and calculations reveal that the anomalous structure characterizations are physically ascribed to the excitation of dual-interface coupled plasmons in the thin metal layer, which possess the squeezed spatial wavelength and the periodic columnar intensity distributions. Moreover, the further deepening of periodic nanostructures into the Si substrate is also elucidated by the simulation of electric field enhancements at the bottom of shallow grooves under irradiation of subsequent laser pulses. In combination with a wet etching process, the Si nanograting structures can be modified into the smooth and narrow-mouthed V-profiles, whose optical measurements show a near omnidirectional antireflection especially in the visible range of 565–750 nm, which is expected for the design of advanced photonic devices.

Complex vector light fields have become a topic of late due to their exotic features, such as their non-homogeneous transverse polarisation distributions and the non-separable coupling between their spatial and polarisation degrees of freedom (DoF). In general, vector beams propagate in free space along straight lines, being the Airy-vector vortex beams the only known exception. Here, we introduce a new family of vector beams that exhibit novel properties that have not been observed before, such as their ability to freely accelerate along parabolic trajectories. In addition, their transverse polarisation distribution only contains polarisation states oriented at exactly the same angle but with different ellipticity. We anticipate that these novel vector beams might not only find applications in fields such as optical manipulation, microscopy or laser material processing but also extend to others.

Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs is closely associated with various human diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the role of nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) in the PD process remains unclear. The number of TH+ cells was reduced, and the expression levels of NEAT1 and Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) were increased in the midbrain of MPTP-HCl-treated mice. In addition, the expression of cleaved-caspase-3 (cleaved-casp-3) and Bax (apoptosis-related proteins) was increased, while the expression of Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic protein) was reduced in MPTP-HCl-treated mice. The expression levels of NEAT1 and KLF4 were increased in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Knockdown of NEAT1 promoted cell viability and decreased apoptosis in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells, which could be reversed by upregulating KLF4. KLF4 was verified as a direct target of miR-124, and miR-124 could particularly bind to NEAT1. Downregulation of NEAT1 significantly increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis by regulating miR-124 expression in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, interference of NEAT1 increased the number of TH+ cells and miR-124 expression, while reduced apoptosis and expression of KLF4 in vivo. NEAT1 knockdown increased cell viability and suppressed apoptosis in PD via regulating the miR-124/KLF4 axis, providing a promising avenue for the treatment of PD.

To determine the toxic effect of three imidazole ionic liquids (IILs) in terrestrial monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants, three IILs (1-butyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate, and butyl-3-methylimidazolium bi-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide) were investigated using rice and capsicum as target toxicity models. In hydroponic experiments, increasing the concentration of the IILs led to a decrease in the seed germination rate, a decrease in the reduced stem and root lengths, and an increase in the inhibition rate of the stem and root lengths; in addition, as the concentration increased, the reducing sugar content of rice and capsicum seedling leaves and roots first increased and then decreased, while permeability of the cell membranes of the stems and roots of the two plants also gradually increased. In terms of the effects on these indices in rice, the ranking of these three IIL anions was [TF2N]- > [PF6]- > [BF4]-; in terms of the effects on capsicum, the sequence was [BF4]- > [TF2N]- > [PF6]-. These findings provide a theoretical reference for the next step in the synthesis and the use of green ionic liquids.

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has attracted much attention in the recent decades owing to its allweather and high-resolution working mode. As an active radar system, the high-resolution imaging process of SAR systems is affected by different types of strong, complex, and variable electromagnetic interferences that can severely affect the final high-resolution SAR imaging results. Thus, developing ways to effectively suppress complex electromagnetic interferences is a major challenge and focus of SAR detection. In this paper, we summarize the key elements and main concepts underlying interference suppression in high-resolution SAR imaging, including different interference patterns, interference sources, interference scattering mechanisms, radar antenna configurations, and target characteristics. We then consider the essential task of interference suppression algorithms. Recent papers that detail the representative SAR algorithms used to mitigate suppressed and deceptive jamming are introduced and summarized to provide references for future research.

BackgroundSynchrotron radiation experimental methods have unique advantages in studying the structure and physical properties of materials, but it is a challenge for many experimental methods to achieve synchrotron radiation in situ high temperature conditions, especially above 2 000 K. Laser heating methods can achieve rapid, micro-region extreme high temperature conditions, and have become an important tool for the study of high temperature physical properties.PurposeThis study aims to develop a portable laser heating device for Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) in situ experiments in the field of extreme high temperature research, such as high entropy alloys, turbine blades, aviation materials, etc.MethodsA 100 W continuously tunable near-infrared fiber laser was used as the heating souce, the sample was heated up by laser through the focusing lens and generated thermal radiation. The radiation spectrum was collected through the spectral collection focusing lens and measured by spectrometers. The temperature gradient and temperature stability of the sample were fitted by the blackbody radiation method. Finally, the melting experiment of pure tungsten sheets in vacuum was conducted to verify its maximum heating temperature, and the temperature gradient and stability measurement of the device were calibrated with platinum samples.ResultsWe Experimental results show that melting point of about 3 695 K for tungsten sheets in vacuum is achieved using this device, and X-ray diffraction patterns of MoS2 and CTAB-MoS2 materials under 1 608 K in situ are obtained at the surface diffraction beamline station of SSRF.ConclusionsThe laser heating method developed expands the extreme experimental conditions in SSRF, and provides an important means to study high temperature physics for materials.

The construction of the digital energy internet is of great significance to the formation of the global energy internet. This paper uses the Rongchuang park of state grid Lanzhou power supply company as an example. Particularly, the key techniques from “source, grid, load, and storage” were summarized. It is key for the building of the energy internet Rongchuang park to increase the proportion of clean energy production and consumption, improve the intelligent level of the power grid, fully tap the potential of load side energy conservation and peak shaving regulation, and promote the system flexibility by energy storage techniques. This work supports the technological development and breakthrough of the energy internet park.

Many concrete structures in use have safety problems due to material deterioration, actual construction defects, structural damage, etc. Therefore, nondestructive testing is required to determine the presence of defects. Ultrasonic technology is an important tool in nondestructive testing, which can detect defects in concrete and be combined with other methods or models to make it more accurate. At present, ultrasonic inspection technology has been more research at home and abroad, both in theory and in engineering, and there has been great progress. This paper summarizes the latest progress of ultrasonic inspection technology for concrete structures at home and abroad respectively, and points out the future development trend.

With a high percentage of new energy scenarios, it has become a trend for flexible resources such as energy storage systems to participate in long-term planning. In this context, it is important to explore how energy storage systems are configured. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the economics of energy storage and other resources to ensure that investments in energy storage and other resources are economically valuable under different future models. This paper firstly analyses the current situation of a high percentage of new energy in China, and secondly constructs a model for analysing the economics of flexible regulation resources such as energy storage. Under partial data based on the scenery storage project, the economic analysis under four models is derived, including cost and benefit analysis, investment benefit analysis, and break-even point analysis. Finally, the economic evaluation of investment in energy storage projects under different models is summarized based on the calculation results.It is concluded that different scenario models have different economic benefits, and the operation capacity of the four scenarios is higher than that of the existing models.

Lithological mapping in weathered and vegetated coastal zone is always a crucial but challenging issue for geological remote sensing. This study tested the applicability of Sentinel-2A and ASTER GDEM data for lithological mapping in the coastal zone of Shanwei district, southern China. Here, a comprehensive scheme for tuff and granite outcrops extraction and lithological classification was employed to process the remote sensing data: 1) Using the matched filtering with image-derived spectra as references, the weathered but representative outcrop-related patches were preliminarily extracted based on the fractal “DN-A” (digital number-area) algorithm; 2) The image masks of NDXI (NDVI, NDSI and MNDWI) in conjunction with spatial intersection, were conducted to minimize the influence of vegetation coverage; 3) Considering terrain features caused by differential weathering, slope analysis have allowed us to discriminate from tuff to granite outcrops; 4) A set of empirical verification criteria were established to assess the classification accuracy, which are exactly 82.4~83.2% of tuff and 91.3~92.3% of granite. The peak values of tuff and granite patch areas are 0–0.1 km2 (51%) and 0–0.5 km2 (60%), and 90% of patches are < 0.6 km2 of tuff and < 3.5 km2 of granite, respectively. The protolith of extracted weathered outcrops were further identified by several excavated trenches. This research has contributed a useful case study for remote-sensing lithological mapping in weathered and vegetated coastal zone, and the proposed approach should have a great possibility to be extrapolated for other similar cases.

The service model of cloud computing creates a serious threat to user data security, the trustworthiness of cloud computing through third parties, must be evaluated then the healthy development of the cloud computing industry can be guaranteed. The research of the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China, “trusted platform for third-party cloud computing online evaluation and analysis technology” were summarized. The trusted evaluation model and architecture were described from the cloud platform, the dynamic evaluation technology, the credible evidence collection and the trusted test mechanism, the credibility of the quantitative evaluation method, and the prototype system integrated by tools , to evaluate the credibility of cloud platform.

In this work, a series of three and four-color tandem white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) are developed by using the optimized charge generating unit (CGU) to connect two electroluminescence (EL) units with symmetrical emitting layers, in which symmetrical emitting layers are constructed based on the mixed hosts; sandwiched between hole and electron-transporting hosts and the light emitted from two EL units that are absolutely complementary for forming white emission. All resulting tandem WOLEDs realize good white emission with maximum color rendering index (CRI) beyond 77 and 90 for three and four-color white devices and extremely high EL spectra stability, and also achieve high device efficiency with maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) exceeding 33.10%. For example, for the optimized four-color tandem WOLED, the maximum CRI and EQE of 91 and 34.78% are demonstrated and only very slight CIE (Δx, Δy) variation of (0.002, −0.010) was observed at a wide luminance range from 170.9 cd/m2 to 13,870 cd/m2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first tandem WOLED with only two EL units realizing such high device performances. More importantly, the proposed tandem WOLEDs here avoid introducing carrier or exciton blocking layer or using more EL units to realize high color quality white emission that provides a novel approach to develop simple, but high-performance tandem WOLEDs.

This paper discusses anti-deceptive jamming methods based on single-channel and fixed waveform assumptions for synthetic aperture radar imaging. Using the essential defects of the deceptive-jamming theory, the information acquisition ability of the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) system in a complicated electromagnetic environment is effectively improved with limited degrees of freedom in spatial and time domains. Geometric and signal models of SAR imaging and deceptive jamming are established and the different characteristics between them are analyzed according to their working mechanisms. Upon extracting their characteristic differences via different imaging processes and enhancing them based on statistical information, the degree of separation between the true and false targets is increased. Therefore, identification on the deceptive jamming is realized. Moreover, an approach for the dynamic synthetic aperture is used to formulate an optimization problem for the reconstruction of true and false targets. By solving such a problem, the true and false targets are separately reconstructed with super-resolution, achieving the goal of deceptive-jamming suppression. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is verified by simulations.