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Chun-Hui Zhao,1 Ya-Hong Sun,1 Xiao-Min Mao2 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Haining People’s Hospital, Haining, Zhejiang, 314400, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Infectious Diseases, Haining People’s Hospital, Haining, Zhejiang, 314400, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiao-Min Mao, Department of Infectious Diseases, Haining People’s Hospital, No. 2, Qianjiang West Road, Haining, Zhejiang, 314400, People’s Republic of China, Email maoxiaomin2022@163.comObjective: To compare the effect of diaphragmatic breathing and volume incentive spirometry (VIS) on hemodynamics, pulmonary function, and blood gas in patients following open abdominal surgery under general anesthesia.Methods: A total of 58 patients who received open abdominal surgery were randomly assigned to the control group (n=29) undergoing diaphragmatic breathing exercises and the VIS group (n=29) undergoing VIS exercises. All the participants performed the six-minute walk test (6MWT) preoperatively to evaluate their functional capacity. Hemodynamic indexes, pulmonary function tests, and blood gas indexes were recorded before surgery and on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th postoperative day.Results: The functional capacity was not significantly different between the two groups during the preoperative period (P > 0.05). At 3 days and 5 days postoperatively, patients in the VIS group had a significantly higher SpO2 than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Pulmonary function test values were reduced in both two groups postoperatively when compared to the preoperative values but improved for three and five days afterward (P < 0.05). Of note, the significantly elevated levels of peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC ratio were observed on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th postoperative days in the VIS group compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05). Besides, bass excess (BE), and pH values were significantly higher in the VIS group on the 1st postoperative day than those in the control group (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Diaphragmatic breathing and VIS could improve postoperative pulmonary function, but VIS exercise might be a better option for improving hemodynamics, pulmonary function, and blood gas for patients after open abdominal surgery, hence lowering the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications.Keywords: diaphragmatic breathing, volume incentive spirometry, hemodynamics, pulmonary function, blood gas, open abdominal surgery

The availability of an appropriate and reliable research model is helpful for researchers to understand the occurrence and development of diseases. Historically, animal models have been beneficial in the study of intervertebral disc degenerative diseases, but intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a precise and complex process that needs to appear and occur in a specific tissue microenvironment, and animal degeneration models cannot fully simulate these parameters. These challenges must be overcome, especially when animal models cannot fully generalize the complex pathology of humans. In the past few years, the research on the cell disease model has made important progress, and the construction of the nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) degeneration model has become an indispensable step in studying the occurrence and development of IDD. Here, several different methods of constructing NPC degeneration models and indicators for testing the effect of modeling are introduced. The practical applications of cell models constructed by different methods are enumerated to screen and evaluate effective methods of establishing degenerative cell models and explore the mechanism of IDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM:To test and compare the perceptual eye position and fixation stability of adolescents with emmetropia and adolescents with low myopia, investigating the characteristics of the perceptual eye position and fixation stability of adolescents with low myopia.METHODS: Cross-sectional study. A total of 132 adolescents(264 eyes)who visited in the ophthalmology clinic of our hospital from April to December 2023 were randomly selected as the research subjects. Participants were categorized into normal control group(n=45, 90 eyes), simple low myopia group(n=45, 90 eyes)and low myopia with anisometropia group(n=42, 84 eyes)according to their refractive status and were underwent assessments for perceptual eye position and fixation stability.RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, the static and dynamic horizontal perceptual eye position deviation of the simple low myopia group and the low myopia with anisometropia group were significantly increased(P0.05); compared with the normal control group, the horizontal and vertical fixation stability of the simple low myopia group and the low myopia with anisometropia group were significantly worse(all P0.05).CONCLUSION: Abnormalities are observed in perceptual eye position and fixation stability function in adolescents with low myopia compared with those adolescents with emmetropia, even at best corrected visual acuity. The occurrence of anisometropia could lead to an increased degree of horizontal perceptual eye position displacement.

Abstract Objective Transcranial sonography (TCS) is a noninvasive neuroimaging technique, visualizing deep brain structures and the ventricular system. Although widely employed in diagnosing various movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and dystonia, by detecting disease‐specific abnormalities, the specific characteristics of the TCS in cerebellar ataxia remain inconclusive. We aimed to assess the potential value of TCS in patients with cerebellar ataxias for disease diagnosis and severity assessment. Methods TCS on patients with genetic and acquired cerebellar ataxia, including 94 with spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) containing 10 asymptomatic carriers, 95 with cerebellar subtype of multiple system atrophy (MSA‐C), and 100 healthy controls (HC), was conducted. Assessments included third ventricle width, substantia nigra (SN) and lentiform nucleus (LN) echogenicity, along with comprehensive clinical evaluations and genetic testing. Results The study revealed significant TCS abnormalities in patients with cerebellar ataxia, such as enlarged third ventricle widths and elevated rates of hyperechogenic SN and LN. TCS showed high accuracy in distinguishing patients with SCA or MSA‐C from HC, with an AUC of 0.870 and 0.931, respectively. TCS abnormalities aided in identifying asymptomatic SCA carriers, effectively differentiating them from HC, with an AUC of 0.725. Furthermore, third ventricle width was significantly correlated with SARA and ICARS scores in patients with SCA3 and SCOPA‐AUT scores in patients with MSA‐C. The SN area and SARA or ICARS scores in patients with SCA3 were also positively correlated. Interpretation Our findings illustrate remarkable TCS abnormalities in patients with cerebellar ataxia, serving as potential biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and progression assessment.

Abstract To explore the clinical characteristics of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 nationwide, especially the effect factors of asymptomatic infection and disappearance of clinical symptoms. A total of 66,448 COVID-19 patients in China who have been diagnosed by nucleic acid test or rapid antigen test were surveyed online (December 24, 2022 to January 16, 2023). Our cross-sectional study used descriptive analyses and binary Logistics regression model to assess the correlation between the clinical characteristics and relative factors, including age, gender, pre-existing conditions, reinfection, vaccination and treatment. A total of 64,515 valid questionnaires were collected. Among included participants, 5969 of which were asymptomatic. The symptoms were mainly upper respiratory symptoms, including dry and itchy throat (64.16%), sore throat (59.95%), hoarseness (57.90%), nasal congestion (53.39%). In binary Logistics regression model, we found that male, no pre-existing conditions, reinfection and vaccination have positive correlations with the appearance of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. In Cox proportional-hazards regression model, considering all clinical symptoms disappeared in 14 days as outcome, we found that ≤ 60 years old, male, no pre-existing conditions, vaccination and adopted treatment have positive correlations with rapid amelioration of clinical symptoms in COVID-19 patients. The clinical symptoms of the participants were mainly upper respiratory symptoms which were according with the infection of Omicron variant. Factors including age, gender, pre-existing conditions and reinfection could influence the clinical characteristics and prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Importantly, vaccination has positive significance for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Lastly, the use of Chinese medicine maybe beneficial to COVID-19 patients, however, reasonable guidance is necessary.

SignificanceBuilding the agricultural new quality productivity is of great significance. It is the advanced quality productivity which realizes the transformation, upgrading, and deep integration of substantive, penetrating, operational, and media factors, and has outstanding characteristics such as intelligence, greenness, integration, and organization. As a new technology revolution in the field of agriculture, smart agricultural technology transforms agricultural production mode by integrating agricultural biotechnology, agricultural information technology, and smart agricultural machinery and equipment, with information and knowledge as important core elements. The inherent characteristics of "high-tech, high-efficiency, high-quality, and sustainable" in agricultural new quality productivity are fully reflected in the practice of smart agricultural technology innovation. And it has become an important core and engine for promoting the agricultural new quality productivity.ProgressThrough literature review and theoretical analysis, this article conducts a systematic study on the practical foundation, internal logic, and problem challenges of smart agricultural technology innovation leading the development of agricultural new quality productivity. The conclusions show that: (1) At present, the global innovation capability of smart agriculture technology is constantly enhancing, and significant technology breakthroughs have been made in fields such as smart breeding, agricultural information perception, agricultural big data and artificial intelligence, smart agricultural machinery and equipment, providing practical foundation support for leading the development of agricultural new quality productivity. Among them, the smart breeding of 'Phenotype+Genotype+Environmental type' has entered the fast lane, the technology system for sensing agricultural sky, air, and land information is gradually maturing, the research and exploration on agricultural big data and intelligent decision-making technology continue to advance, and the creation of smart agricultural machinery and equipment for different fields has achieved fruitful results; (2) Smart agricultural technology innovation provides basic resources for the development of agricultural new quality productivity through empowering agricultural factor innovation, provides sustainable driving force for the development of agricultural new quality productivity through empowering agricultural technology innovation, provides practical paradigms for the development of agricultural new quality productivity through empowering agricultural scenario innovation, provides intellectual support for the development of agricultural new quality productivity through empowering agricultural entity innovation, and provides important guidelines for the development of agricultural new quality productivity through empowering agricultural value innovation; (3) Compared to the development requirements of agricultural new quality productivity in China and the advanced level of international smart agriculture technology, China's smart agriculture technology innovation is generally in the initial stage of multi-point breakthroughs, system integration, and commercial application. It still faces major challenges such as an incomplete policy system for technology innovation, key technologies with bottlenecks, blockages and breakpoints, difficulties in the transformation and implementation of technology achievements, and incomplete support systems for technology innovation.Conclusions and ProspectsRegarding the issue of technology innovation in smart agriculture, this article proposes the 'Four Highs' path of smart agriculture technology innovation to fill the gaps in smart agriculture technology innovation and accelerate the formation of agricultural new quality productivity in China. The "Four Highs" path specifically includes the construction of high-energy smart agricultural technology innovation platforms, the breakthroughs in high-precision and cutting-edge smart agricultural technology products, the creation of high-level smart agricultural application scenarios, and the cultivation of high-level smart agricultural innovation talents. Finally, this article proposes four strategic suggestions such as deepening the understanding of smart agriculture technology innovation and agricultural new quality productivity, optimizing the supply of smart agriculture technology innovation policies, building a national smart agriculture innovation development pilot zone, and improving the smart agriculture technology innovation ecosystem.

This study proposed a novel electrochemical sensor for the sensitive measurement of the eye medication ofloxacin (OFX), which is based on a NiO@C-dot nanocomposite. The NiO@C-dot nanocomposite was synthesized using the sol-gel method, which was then applied to alter a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). With regard to OFX, the modified GCE shown outstanding electrochemical activity along with good sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. With OFX concentrations ranging from 5 µM to 975 µM, the NiO@C-dot/GCE showed a linear relationship with a sensitivity of 0.63994 µA/µM. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.023 µM. The response to 50 µM OFX was measured, and the electrode was stored at 4°C after each test in order to evaluate the sensor's long-term stability and repeatability. After 20 days, the peak current response was still 97.89 % of its initial value. After 40 days of prolonged storage, 93.78 % of the electrode's original responsiveness was retained. The sensor showed a recovery rate of 97.37–99.70 % in all sample types when it was used to detect OFX in human urine, tap water, and food samples. These findings highlight the NiO@C-dot/GCE's outstanding selectivity, dependability, and longevity as solid platforms for OFX detection in complicated samples for a range of applications.

Rapid excavation of hard rock tunnels was a crucial aspect in achieving intelligent and efficient coal mining. Cantilever roadheaders, TBMs, and bottom cutting equipment are all attempting to address this challenge. The development of excavation technologies and equipment directly impacts the safety and economic benefits of mining operations. Firstly, the applicable range and current status of cutting tool consumption of cantilever roadheaders in hard rock cutting conditions were summarized, followed by an analysis of on-site rock cutting experiments. The results indicated that under high rock strength conditions, cutting tool consumption doubles compared to normal wear, resulting in a mismatch between excavation speed and mining speed, severely constraining mine production. Secondly, the application of roller cutting rock breaking methods and equipment in the mining sector and the current status of new products was analyzed. The results showed that mobile mining excavation equipment using roller cutting for rock breaking results in less chunky debris, more powder, and low cutterhead thrust, leading to insufficient rock breaking capacity. Lastly, the principles and equipment development status of linear bottom cutting rock breaking technology and nonlinear bottom cutting technology were analyzed. The results demonstrated that with an increase in oscillation frequency, cutting forces significantly decreased, and nonlinear bottom cutting rock breaking consumes less energy per unit volume, showing clear advantages. However, key issues such as excavation efficiency and equipment stability in hard rock conditions remain to be verified. Nonlinear bottom cutting technology is expected to break through the technical difficulties of future hard rock excavation in mines.

Steel scraps are renewable resources and indispensable iron resources for the iron and steel industry. In the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, it is crucial to reconstruct the technology system for steel scrap recycling and utilization and innovate the management mode of steel scrap resources, so as to fundamentally crack the bottleneck of high-quality recycling and utilization of steel scraps for the green and low-carbon transformation of the iron and steel industry. This study analyzes the development status of the global steel scrap industry by comparison, predicts the changing trend of raw steel output and steel scrap resources in China, and proposes the possible existence of full steel scrap smelting in China around 2060. Moreover, the development directions of standardization, informatization, digitalization, and intelligentization of the steel scrap industry are summarized. The pressing problems and challenges regarding steel scrap recycling and utilization in China are systematically sorted out in terms of standards and institutional system, precise classification and recycling, material design based on extended producer responsibility (EPR), and digital identity parsing. On this basis, a new “4F5Z” pattern is innovatively proposed for the high-quality recycling and utilization of steel scrap resources, and its organizational framework and implementation strategy are clearly given. Specifically, the EPR system should be implemented in a coordinated manner toward a possible era of full steel scraps and from the aspects of the full life cycle, full production process, and full industrial chain (“4F”) of steel materials, thus to realize the sorted management, recycling, and reuse of steel scrap resources. Meanwhile, the digitalization, informatization, labelling, and networking of full production process management should be strengthened and gradually transition to the robotization of high-quality steel scrap dismantling and recycling (“5Z”). Furthermore, to provide a solid guarantee for the full implementation of the “4F5Z” pattern, we propose the following suggestions: (1) improving the system, technology, and management for EPR implementation in the iron and steel industry, (2) strengthening the construction of a standards system for the steel scrap industry, (3) strengthening the digital labelling and analysis of the entire industrial chain and the whole life cycle of iron and steel materials, and (4) reinforcing the sorted collection, recycling, and reuse of steel scraps in key industries.

Penaeus vannamei Boone is an important economic species in aquaculture. It has become the main species of shrimp cultured in China due to its fast growth rate, high yield, and delicious meat. Segmented culture, which is important for promoting the environmental adaptation of shrimp, reducing the negative impact of diseases and improving the success of culture, is considered one of the major methods of shrimp farming. The intermediate cultivation stage is an important stage of shrimp farming as it determines the success or failure of economic benefits. P.vannamei are usually reared in intensive aquaculture systems that are highly dependent on bait feeding, which makes optimizing feeding rates fundamental to obtaining farming benefits. The feeding rate is the amount of bait as a percentage of the body mass of the cultured object, which is an important factor affecting the shrimp factory farming. Feeding rate directly affects the survival and specific growth rate of the cultured species; an excessively slow feeding rate will slow the growth of cultured objects and affect the normal development, while an excessively high feeding rate will increase the cost of breeding and cause accumulation of residual bait, which reduces water quality and may even result in death of the cultured objects. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the appropriate feeding rate to improve baiting efficiency and to satisfy the needs of sustainable aquaculture. However, in the intermediate cultivation stage, the determination of feeding rates relies on farming experience and lacks a scientific basis. To the best of our knowledge, few scholars have analyzed the influencing mechanisms of different feeding rates on shrimp growth, physiology, and water environment separately from the perspectives of exogenous and endogenous factors; however, there is a lack of comprehensive studies on the combined effects of feeding rates. Therefore, there is an urgent need to elaborate on the intrinsic connections between different parameters, such as the growth and physiological indicators of P.vannamei, water quality, as well as the microbial communities in the culture environment. The main objectives of this study are (1) to analyze the effects of different feeding rates on water quality conditions, microbial community structure, non-specific immunity indicators, and the growth performance of shrimp during the intermediate cultivational stage; (2) to elucidate the interaction between feeding rates and different indicators; and (3) to determine the appropriate feeding rate of the intermediate cultivation of P.vannamei.In this study, three groups of feeding rates, namely T5 (5%), T7.5 (7.5%), and T10 (10%), were used to feed P.vannamei during the intermediate cultivation stage for 30 d. The effects of different feeding rates on water quality, microbial community structure, non-specific immune indices, and growth performance in the intermediate cultivation of P.vannamei were analyzed. During the experiment, water quality and shrimp growth were regularly tested, and pH, salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen were maintained in a range suitable for shrimp growth. At the end of the experiment, the hepatopancreas of shrimp was used for non-specific immunity activity testing, and the microbial community characteristics of different culture densities were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology (Illumina MiSeq). Results showed that the concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), NO2–-N, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) gradually increased as the experiment continued, and significant difference could be observed at the end of the experiment, T10 > T7.5 > T5 (P < 0.05). Analysis of the microbial community structure showed an increasing tendency in richness and diversity with increasing feeding rates. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria (50.36%–67.53%) and Bacteroldota (12.09%–67.53%) were dominant in all samples; at the genus level, the relative abundance of Vibrio (harmful to P.vannamei) was the highest at T10 (37.33%) and lowest at T5 (0.13%), while the relative abundance of Pseudoalteromonas (beneficial to P.vannamei) was the highest at T7.5 (9.78%) and lowest at T10 (0.28%). Results of the redundancy analysis showed that the microbial community in the culture water with a feeding rate of 5% was positively correlated with salinity and temperature, and salinity had greater effect on microbial communities than temperature. The microbial community with feeding rate of 7.5% and 10% was positively affected by TAN, COD, and pH, and the effect of TAN on microbial community was greater than that of COD and pH. The superoxide dismutase, catalase, alkaline phosphatase, and acid phosphatase activities were the highest in T7.5 and were the lowest in T10 (P < 0.05). The final average weight and length of T7.5 and T10 were significantly greater than those of T5 (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between T7.5 and T10 (P > 0.05). Survival rate was the highest at T5 (83.12%) and lowest at T10 (68.52%), with a significant difference (P < 0.05). Factor analysis showed that the highest overall score of 0.92 was achieved at T7.5. This study showed that a feeding rate of 7.5% could improve growth performance and non-specific immunity in P.vannamei, and T7.5 was recommended for the intermediate cultivation of P.vannamei. This study elucidated the interactions between feeding rates and different indicators and determined the appropriate feeding rate for the intermediate cultivation of P.vannamei. This study might help optimize the feeding rates for the intermediate cultivational stage with a view to providing technical guidance for the improvement of the success rate of P.vannamei.

With the application of shrouds made of silicon carbide ceramic matrix composite（SiC-CMCs），the abradable coating technology suitable for SiC-CMCs is urgently needed. The four-layer structure of BSAS（Ba0.75Sr0.25Al2Si2O8）-polyester-based abradable environmental barrier coating （A/EBCs） was prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying. The influence of process parameters on the porosity and the structural evolution of the layer at 1300 ℃ were investigated. The phase structure，microstructure and coating composition were characterized by XRD，SEM，EDS and TEM respectively. The results show that the porosity of BSAS-polyester abradable top layer is 26.4%-36.8%. And the temperature-sensitive parameters of BSAS-polyester particles are primary gas （argon） flow，second gas （hydrogen） flow and spraying distance. In contrast，the speed-sensitive parameters are primary gas （argon） flow. The primary gas （argon） flow has the opposite effect on the particle temperature and velocity of the BSAS-polyester. The abradable surface layer is oxidized at 1300 ℃ for 300 h and maintains monoclinic phase structure，stable stucture and composition，and locally precipitates spherical amorphous silicon oxide particles. Furthermore，the coating abradability was evaluated by high-temperature and high-speed scraping test. Nano-scale Ni-based superalloy particles adhesion on the surface of the coating are found，and the blade incursion depth ratio （IDR） is 20%，which meets the requirements of the abradable sealing coating.

With the improvement of irrigation and transportation infrastructures, single tobacco cultivation has been converted into tobacco–vegetable double cultivation in Yunnan Province. High residual nitrogen (N) levels in soil before tobacco transplanting induced by the excessive N input during the vegetable cultivation season resulted in a reduction of economic income and the quality of flue-cured tobacco. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to describe the optimization of N management and to provide a better understanding of the mechanism of optimal N application rate on the economic benefit and quality of tobacco. A field experiment with six N application rates (0, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 105 kg N ha−1) was carried out with a randomized block design in 2021 and 2022 in Yunnan Province. The economic value and yield, intrinsic chemical and processing quality, leaf growth rate and agronomic characters were determined.

Abstract Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease caused by T-cell dysfunction. Recently, several studies have shown that a disturbed Th17/Treg balance contributes to the development of ITP. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA moleculesthat posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression. Emerging evidences have demonstrated that miRNAs play an important role in regulating the Th17/Treg balance. In the present study, we found that miR-641 was upregulated in ITP patients. In primary T cells, overexpression of miR-641 could cause downregulation of its target genes STIM1 and SATB1, thus inducing a Th17 (upregulated)/Treg (downregulated) imbalance. Inhibition of miR-641 by a miR-641 sponge in primary T cells of ITP patients or by antagomiR-641 in an ITP murine model could cause upregulation of STIM1 and SATB1, thus restoring Th17/Treg homeostasis. These results suggested that the miR-641-STIM/SATB1 axis plays an important role in regulating the Th17/Treg balance in ITP.

Abstract Background In plants, GABA plays a critical role in regulating salinity stress tolerance. However, the response of soybean seedlings (Glycine max L.) to exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) under saline stress conditions has not been fully elucidated. Results This study investigated the effects of exogenous GABA (2 mM) on plant biomass and the physiological mechanism through which soybean plants are affected by saline stress conditions (0, 40, and 80 mM of NaCl and Na2SO4 at a 1:1 molar ratio). We noticed that increased salinity stress negatively impacted the growth and metabolism of soybean seedlings, compared to control. The root-stem-leaf biomass (27- and 33%, 20- and 58%, and 25- and 59% under 40- and 80 mM stress, respectively]) and the concentration of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b significantly decreased. Moreover, the carotenoid content increased significantly (by 35%) following treatment with 40 mM stress. The results exhibited significant increase in the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) oxidized glutathione (GSSG), Na+, and Cl− under 40- and 80 mM stress levels, respectively. However, the concentration of mineral nutrients, soluble proteins, and soluble sugars reduced significantly under both salinity stress levels. In contrast, the proline and glycine betaine concentrations increased compared with those in the control group. Moreover, the enzymatic activities of ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase decreased significantly, while those of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and dehydroascorbate reductase increased following saline stress, indicating the overall sensitivity of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (AsA-GSH). However, exogenous GABA decreased Na+, Cl−, H2O2, and MDA concentration but enhanced photosynthetic pigments, mineral nutrients (K+, K+/Na+ ratio, Zn2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+); osmolytes (proline, glycine betaine, soluble sugar, and soluble protein); enzymatic antioxidant activities; and AsA-GSH pools, thus reducing salinity-associated stress damage and resulting in improved growth and biomass. The positive impact of exogenously applied GABA on soybean plants could be attributed to its ability to improve their physiological stress response mechanisms and reduce harmful substances. Conclusion Applying GABA to soybean plants could be an effective strategy for mitigating salinity stress. In the future, molecular studies may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms by which GABA regulates salt tolerance in soybeans.

[Objective] To reveal the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of soil water erosion in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in the rich and coarse sediment area from 2000 to 2020, and analyze its dynamic driving force. [Methods] Based on the RUSLE model, the annual soil water erosion modulus in the rich and coarse sediment area was calculated, and the variation characteristics of soil water erosion intensity in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 were analyzed. The spatial-temporal characteristics of soil water erosion modulus were explored by using the Sen+MK trend analysis method combined with the Hurst index, and the factor probing in the parameter-optimal geographical detector with the interactive probing were used to quantify the explanatory power of six factors, namely average annual precipitation, elevation, slope, vegetation cover, land use/cover type, and soil type, on the spatial distribution of soil water erosion. [Results] (1) The area of moderate, intense, extremely intense and severe erosion in the rich and coarse sediment area decreased by 48.09%, 77.93%, 83.01%, and 36.13%, respectively, and the area of slight and mild erosion increased by 46.22% and 0.33%, respectively, in the five periods from 2000 to 2020. At the present stage, the sandy and coarse sandy area was dominated by slight and mild erosion, and the proportion of the two was 62.49% and 42.07% respectively. (2) The overall inter-annual change of soil water erosion modulus in the rich and coarse sediment area showed a fluctuating and significant downward trend, from 2 214.89 t/(km2·a) in 2000 to 1 169.44 t/(km2·a) in 2020. The spatial variation trend of soil water erosion modulus in the rich and coarse sediment area from 2000 to 2020 was mainly in a decreasing state, accounting for 76.13% of the total area, and would continue to be in a decreasing state in the future, with an area share of 62.50%. (3) The explanatory power of the interactions among the six factors was greater than that of single factor, and it was mainly manifested as nonlinear enhancement and double-factor enhancement; soil water erosion in the rich and coarse sediment area was dominated by precipitation and land use/cover in 2000—2005, and by vegetation cover and land use/cover in 2010—2020. [Conclusion] Soil water erosion condition in the rich and coarse sediment area will be improved continuously from 2000 to 2020; in the future, the soil water erosion modulus of 62.50% of the regions will continue to decline or decline in the future, but there is still a potential risk of increase in 20.44% of the area; the land use/cover pattern has changed by the project of returning farmland to forests and grassland, which made the soil water erosion in the rich and coarse sediment area. The driving force of soil water erosion in the rich and coarse sediment area changes dynamically; the slope factor needs to be fully considered when optimizing the land use/cover pattern for the prevention and control of soil water erosion in the rich and coarse sediment area in the future.

In order to solve the problems of difficult data integration, complex governance and low sharing efficiency, this paper proposes a scheme for construction of railway locomotive maintenance data integration and sharing platform. The author first realized the automatic and periodic data acquisition from different systems and saving of the same in a data warehouse through multi-source heterogeneous data acquisition technology, and then classified the data in the data warehouse for standardized management and forming service themes and thematic libraries. At the same time, the author also provided real-time and offline data sharing modes under security control, realizing data sharing in different scenarios. This platform, after being constructed in the field, saves more than 70% of the planned time for locomotive pre-scheduling and maintenance, and reduces the average downtime of locomotive maintenance by about 20 minutes. This shows the platform can help to promote multi-system data fusion and improve the informatization level, production efficiency and management ability of railway locomotive maintenance.

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystem trinucleotide repeat expansion disorder usually referred to the department of neurology with complaints of progressive muscle weakness and myotonia. This article reported a 33-year-old female patient with DM1 presenting with acute respiratory failure.Muscle biopsy in vastus lateralis showed significantly increased internal nuclei. Genetic test show CTG repeat expansions with the size of (847±76) in dystrophia myotonica protein kinase (DMPK) gene on chromosome 19. This case report broadens the clinician′s understanding of the atypical clinical manifestations of DM1, so as to avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.

Flaw tolerance performance of TC4 alloy was investigated for helicopter transmission systems design. The impact pit flaws and scratch flaws were investigated by fatigue specimens with same flaw depth for flaw tolerance design，and high-cycle fatigue S-N curve tests were conducted. The results show that both scratch flaws and impact pit flaws significantly reduce the fatigue limit of the TC4 titanium alloy. The scratch flaw has a higher flaw influence factor（Kflaw） of 2.29 compared to the impact pit flaw’s Kflaw value of 1.75 under the same flaw depth conditions. Fracture surface analysis provided laws of the fatigue crack initiation and propagation associated with these flaws. Scratch flaws mainly exhibit multiple sources，with crack initiated at the root of the scratch，while the characteristics of fatigue crack initiation for impact pit flaws vary with the applied stress. Multiple sources are observed under high stress lever，with crack initiated on the surface of the pit，while under low stress，the crack initiates at a subsurface of the pit.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a highly heterogeneous myeloid malignancy, remains a challenge in terms of proper risk stratification. In this study, we developed a novel pyroptosis prognostic model based on pyroptosis-related gene pairs, which exhibited excellent prognostic performance across multiple cohorts (N = 1506) and accurately predicted both adult and pediatric AML prognosis. Additionally, we integrated the pyroptosis risk model with other clinical risk factors to construct a highly operational nomogram. Moreover, our findings indicate a significant correlation between elevated pyroptosis risk scores and increased stemness of AML. Using CIBERSORT immune analysis, we found a decreased proportion of resting NK cells and activated mast cells in the high-risk group. Through analyzing the correlation between chemotherapy drug response sensitivity and risk scores, we found that AZD1332 and BPD-0008900 were extremely sensitive in the high-risk group.

ABSTRACT This study examined the diversity and persistence of Salmonella in the surface waters of agricultural regions of Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. Research groups (three in 2019–2020 and five in 2021–2022) conducted a long-term survey of surface water across 5–8 months annually (n = 30 monthly). On-site, each team filtered 10-L water samples with modified Moore Swabs to capture Salmonella, which were then isolated and identified using conventional microbiological techniques. Salmonella isolates were sequenced on Illumina platforms. Salmonella was present in 1,493/3,291 water samples (45.8%), with varying isolation rates across countries and years. Newport, Infantis, and Typhimurium were the most frequent among the 128 different serovars. Notably, 22 serovars were found in all three countries, representing almost half of the 1,911 different isolates collected. The resistome comprised 72 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and six point mutations in three genes. At least one AMR determinant was observed in 33.8% (646/1,911) of the isolates, of which 47.4% (306/646) were potentially multidrug resistant. Phylogeny based on core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) showed that most isolates clustered according to sequence type and country of origin. Only 14 cgMLST multi-country clusters were detected among the 275 clusters. However, further analysis confirmed that close genetic relatedness occurred mostly among isolates from the same country, with three exceptions. Interestingly, isolates closely related phylogenetically were recovered over multiple years within the same country, indicating the persistence of certain Salmonella in those areas. In conclusion, surface waters in these regions are consistently contaminated with diverse Salmonella, including strains that persist over time.IMPORTANCESalmonella is a leading foodborne pathogen responsible for millions of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths annually. Although Salmonella-contaminated water has now been recognized as an important contamination source in the agrifood chain, there is a lack of knowledge on the global occurrence and diversity of Salmonella in surface water. Moreover, there has been insufficient research on Salmonella in surface waters from Latin American countries that are major producers and exporters of agricultural products. Incorporating genetic profiling of Salmonella isolates from underrepresented regions, such as Latin America, enhances our understanding of the pathogen’s ecology, evolution, antimicrobial resistance, and pathogenicity. Moreover, leveraging genomic data derived from pathogens isolated from diverse geographical areas is critical for assessing the potential public health risk posed by the pathogen and expediting investigations of foodborne outbreaks. Ultimately, global efforts contribute significantly to reducing the incidence of foodborne infections.

Abstract Background The presence of distinct long‐term disease‐specific HRQL trajectories after curative treatment for esophageal cancer and factors associated with such trajectories are unclear. Materials and Methods This population‐based and longitudinal cohort study included 425 esophageal cancer patients who underwent curative treatment, including esophagectomy, in Sweden in 2001–2005 and were followed up until 2020, that is, 15‐year follow‐up. The outcomes were 10 disease‐specific HRQL symptoms, measured by the well‐validated EORTC QLQ‐OES18 questionnaire at 6 months (n = 402 patients), and 3 (n = 178), 5 (n = 141), 10 (n = 92), and 15 years (n = 52) after treatment. HRQL symptoms were examined for distinct trajectories by growth mixture models. Weighted logistic regression models provided odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for nine factors in relation to HRQL trajectories: age, sex, education, proxy baseline HRQL, comorbidity, tumor histology, chemo(radio)therapy, pathological tumor stage, and postoperative complications. Results Distinct HRQL trajectories were identified for each of the 10 disease‐specific symptoms. HRQL trajectories with more symptoms tended to persist or alleviate over time, while trajectories with fewer symptoms were more stable. Eating difficulty had three trajectories: persistently less, persistently moderate, and persistently more symptoms. The OR of having a persistently more eating difficulty trajectory was decreased for adenocarcinoma histology (OR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.21–0.95), and increased for pathological tumor stage III‐IV (OR = 2.19, 95% CI 0.99–4.82) and 30‐day postoperative complications (OR = 2.54, 95% CI 1.26–5.12). Conclusion Distinct trajectories with long‐term persistent or deteriorating disease‐specific HRQL symptoms were identified after esophageal cancer treatment. Tumor histology, tumor stage, and postoperative complications may facilitate detection of high‐risk patients for unwanted trajectories.

After long-term development, the global economic level has improved significantly, but environmental issues generated by early extensive development seriously threaten the survival of human beings. China, in particular, urgently needs to promote sustainable development through green finance policies. For this reason, this paper regards the 2017 eight pilot zones in five provinces for green finance reform and innovations (GFRIs) as a quasi-natural experiment, and explores whether it can encourage investment in environmental protection in heavily polluting enterprises by using difference-in-differences-in-differences (DDD) model. The paper finds that: First, GFRIs can bolster investment in environmental protection in heavy polluting enterprises. The results remain consistent after several robustness checks, covering the placebo test, PSM-DID test and so on. Second, mechanism tests find that the policy promotes environmental protection investment by alleviating financing constraints and cutting financing costs. Third, heterogeneity analysis shows that the promotion effect of GFRIs on environmental protection investment is more pronounced for provinces with higher percentages of secondary industry GDP, large-scale enterprises, and enterprises with better ESG management. This paper demonstrates the beneficial influence of GFRIs on promoting the transformation of heavy polluting enterprises and provides suggestions for the improvement of such policies.

The conversion of rice straw to bio-oil for substituting asphalt paving materials not only contributes to sustainable development in construction industry, but is also beneficial for resource recovery in agriculture. In this study, rice straw was pyrolyzed to produce bio-oil by using fluidized bed, and the influences of key pyrolysis conditions on product distribution were investigated. Bio-asphalt was prepared by high-speed mixing of pyrolysis bio-oil and petroleum asphalt, and comprehensively evaluated through rheological tests and continuous grading of performance grade (PG). Moreover, microscopic characterization was conducted to further explore the mechanism of bio-oil modification of asphalt. The test results indicate that the yield of bio-oil first rises and then drops with the increase of pyrolysis temperature. As the gas flow rate increases and the biomass particle size decreases, the bio-oil yield shows an increasing trend. The bio-asphalt containing bio-oil from lower pyrolysis temperatures has stronger rutting resistance and lower temperature susceptibility. As the pyrolysis temperature rises, the resistances of bio-asphalt to fatigue and thermal cracking are enhanced. According to continuous PG grading, the widest safe working temperature range is obtained at 450 ℃. Compared to base asphalt, bio-asphalt has superior fatigue and low-temperature performances at high pyrolysis temperatures. Additionally, it can be known from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy that the modification of petroleum asphalt by bio-oil is a physical fusion process.

C32H48O5, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.1564(10) Å, b = 17.542(3) Å, c = 23.134(4) Å, V = 2904.2(8) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0555, wRref(F2) = 0.1343, T = 273(2) K.

ObjectiveThere's a growing demand among plant cultivators and breeders for efficient methods to acquire plant phenotypic traits at high throughput, facilitating the establishment of mappings from phenotypes to genotypes. By integrating mobile phenotyping platforms with improved instance segmentation techniques, researchers have achieved a significant advancement in the automation and accuracy of phenotypic data extraction. Addressing the need for rapid extraction of leaf age and canopy width phenotypes in strawberry plants cultivated in controlled environments, this study introduces a novel high-throughput phenotyping extraction approach leveraging a mobile phenotyping platform and instance segmentation technology.MethodsData acquisition was conducted using a compact mobile phenotyping platform equipped with an array of sensors, including an RGB sensor, and edge control computers, capable of capturing overhead images of potted strawberry plants in greenhouses. Targeted adjustments to the network structure were made to develop an enhanced convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) model for processing strawberry plant image data and rapidly extracting plant phenotypic information. The model initially employed a split-attention networks (ResNeSt) backbone with a group attention module, replacing the original network to improve the precision and efficiency of image feature extraction. During training, the model adopted the Mosaic method, suitable for instance segmentation data augmentation, to expand the dataset of strawberry images. Additionally, it optimized the original cross-entropy classification loss function with a binary cross-entropy loss function to achieve better detection accuracy of plants and leaves. Based on this, the improved Mask R-CNN description involves post-processing of training results. It utilized the positional relationship between leaf and plant masks to statistically count the number of leaves. Additionally, it employed segmentation masks and image calibration against true values to calculate the canopy width of the plant.Results and DiscussionsThis research conducted a thorough evaluation and comparison of the performance of an improved Mask R-CNN model, underpinned by the ResNeSt-101 backbone network. This model achieved a commendable mask accuracy of 80.1% and a detection box accuracy of 89.6%. It demonstrated the ability to efficiently estimate the age of strawberry leaves, demonstrating a high plant detection rate of 99.3% and a leaf count accuracy of 98.0%. This accuracy marked a significant improvement over the original Mask R-CNN model and meeting the precise needs for phenotypic data extraction. The method displayed notable accuracy in measuring the canopy widths of strawberry plants, with errors falling below 5% in about 98.1% of cases, highlighting its effectiveness in phenotypic dimension evaluation. Moreover, the model operated at a speed of 12.9 frames per second (FPS) on edge devices, effectively balancing accuracy and operational efficiency. This speed proved adequate for real-time applications, enabling rapid phenotypic data extraction even on devices with limited computational capabilitie.ConclusionsThis study successfully deployed a mobile phenotyping platform combined with instance segmentation techniques to analyze image data and extract various phenotypic indicators of strawberry plant. Notably, the method demonstrates remarkable robustness. The seamless fusion of mobile platforms and advanced image processing methods not only enhances efficiency but also ignifies a shift towards data-driven decision-making in agriculture.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium spp. that mainly contaminates wheat, corn, and other food crops, and has posed serious threats to food safety. Currently, enzymatic detoxification of DON shows promising application prospects. This paper provided an overview of the latest domestic and international research on the types of biotransformation enzymes, degradation mechanisms, structural features, detoxification enzyme mining strategies, and molecular modifications of DON. Additionally, the paper explored research trends in molecular design of mycotoxin detoxification enzymes assisted by artificial intelligence, which aimed to provide a reference for the development of bio-detoxification technology of DON in food and feed.

Abstract Auxin response factors (ARFs) play a crucial role in regulating gene expression within the auxin signal transduction pathway, particularly during adventitious root (AR) formation. In this investigation, we identified full-length sequences for ARF17 and ARF18, encompassing 1,800 and 2,055 bp, encoding 599 and 684 amino acid residues, respectively. Despite exhibiting low sequence homology, the ARF17- and ARF18-encoded proteins displayed significant structural similarity and shared identical motifs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close relationships between NnARF17 and VvARF17, as well as NnARF18 and BvARF18. Both ARF17 and ARF18 demonstrated responsiveness to exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), ethephon, and sucrose, exhibiting organ-specific expression patterns. Beyond their role in promoting root development, these ARFs enhanced stem growth and conferred drought tolerance while mitigating waterlogging stress in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. RNA sequencing data indicated upregulation of 51 and 75 genes in ARF17 and ARF18 transgenic plants, respectively, including five and three genes associated with hormone metabolism and responses. Further analysis of transgenic plants revealed a significant decrease in IAA content, accompanied by a marked increase in abscisic acid content under normal growth conditions. Additionally, lotus seedlings treated with IAA exhibited elevated levels of polyphenol oxidase, IAA oxidase, and peroxidase. The consistent modulation of IAA content in both lotus and transgenic plants highlights the pivotal role of IAA in AR formation in lotus seedlings.

[Objective] The study is aimed at revealing the response of runoff to land use change in the Kuye River Basin and predicting future runoff change. [Methods] Taking the Kuye River Basin as the study area, based on the SWAT and PLUS models, the changes of runoff under different land use scenarios were quantitatively analyzed by using the land use data of 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020 and the data of 2025 and 2030 that were predicted from the natural development scenario. [Results] (1) The R2 and NS of the SWAT model during the periodic and validation periods were greater than 0.7. The overall accuracy of PLUS model was 0.877 4, and the Kappa coefficient was 0.802 1. The two models had good applicability in the Kuye River Basin. (2) From 2000 to 2020, forest land and construction land increased by 102.92 and 600.90 km2, respectively, while cultivated land, grassland, water area, and unused land decreased by 277.15, 366.25, 40.44 and 19.98 km2, respectively. (3) The average annual runoff depth in the Kuye River Basin presented a spatial distribution pattern of “lower in the upper reaches, higher in the lower reaches, lower in the west, and higher in the east”. (4) Changing land use data while ensuring that other input data remains unchanged, the results of scenario analysis showed that the decrease of forest land and grassland area would promote runoff, and the increase of construction land area would also promote runoff. (5) Under the natural development scenario, there was no significant change in the spatial distribution pattern of land use in the Kuye River Basin in 2025 and 2030, and the land use was still dominated by cultivated land and grassland, with the average annual runoff increasing by 3.21% and 5.00%, respectively, compared with 2020. [Conclusion] There was a close relationship between land use and runoff change. From the perspective of scenario analysis, forest land and grassland inhibited runoff, while construction land promoted runoff. Under the future natural development scenario, runoff increased with land use change. The research could provide scientific basis for the optimization of land use structure and rational planning of water and soil resources in the Kuye River Basin.

[Objective] Stressed by harsh environmental factors such as scarce precipitation and large evaporation, the desert Gobi is characterized as spare vegetation and severe soil and water losses. Therefore, exploring suitable soil improvement methods to improve soil water retention and water holding capacity is very important for the development of Gobi ecological agriculture. [Methods] The hydraulic-infiltration characteristics of the 3 groups of coconut coir-type ecological conservation substrates with better physicochemical properties (aeolian soil∶ coconut coir∶ organic fertilizer∶ artificial peat = 3.5∶3∶3∶1 or 3∶4∶3∶1 or 2∶5∶3∶1, i.e., T1, T2, T3) were tested compared to the control substrate with no coconut coir (aeolian soil∶ organic fertilizer∶ artificial peat = 7∶3∶1, T0). The relationship between matrix water and suction was determined by the centrifuge method, and then the hydraulic characteristics were explored. Then, the infiltration characteristics of the substrates were analyzed by the indoor infiltration test of the soil column with constant water head; and, based on the measured indicators, the proportion optimization was carried out by the coordinate comprehensive evaluation method. [Results] Compared with the T0 group, the field water retention capacity of the T1, T2 and T3 groups increased by 10.22%, 12.13% and 14.99%, and the total effective water content increased by 8.10%, 8.81% and 12.83%, respectively. In the stage of Pf=1.8~3.8 (logarithmic matrix suction), the average specific water capacity of each group showed a law of T3 > T2 > T1 > T0, and according to the gray correlation analysis (RGA) method, the infiltration capacity was ranked as T3 > T2 > T0 > T1. [Conclusion] The results showed that a suitable proportion of coconut coir mixing changes the effective water content and pore distribution ratio, which can significantly improve the water retention capacity of the substrate. From the perspective of physicochemical properties, hydraulic and infiltration characteristics, the T3 ratio is optimal.

To study the chemical constituents of Pteris ensiformis, silica gel, gel, MCI, C18 and other column chromatography were used for separation and purification, and their structures were identified by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS, IR and othe spectral data; the anti-tumor and anti-coagulation activities of some monomers were screened by MTS, APTT, PT and TT. The results were as follows: (1) A total of 15 compounds were isolated from P. ensiformis, the compounds were 2-hydroxy-acetylpyrrole (1), N-(3-carboxypropyl)-2-acetylpyrrole (2), 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine (3), N-methylhydroxylamine (4), pterosin S 13-O-glucoside (5), obtupterosin C (6), ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxokauran-19-oic acid (7), ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxokaur-16-en-19-oic acid (8), β-sitosterol (9), ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxokaur-16-en-19-oic acid-O-glucopyranoside (10), 5, 5′-dibutoxy-2, 2′-bifuran (11), 5, 5′-di (2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-2, 2′-bifuran (12), (-)-loliolide (13), succinic acid (14), fumaric acid (15). Compound 1 is a new natural product of pyrrole alkaloids. Compounds 1-7, 10-15 were isolated from P. ensiformis for the first time, and compounds 1, 3, 4 were isolated from Pteris for the first time. (2) The results of activity test showed that compounds 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 10 inhibited the growth of tumor cells HL-60, A549, SMMC-7721, MDA-MB-231 and SW480 in vitro at a concentration of 40 μmol·L-1, At the concentration of 2.0 mmol·L-1, compounds 1, 2, 3 and 6 shortened APTT and compounds 1, 5 and 6 prolonged PT. The study enriches the chemical constituents of P. ensiformis from Guizhou and provides a material basis for the development of anti-tumor drugs.

Abstract Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a typical pathological course in the clinic with a high morbidity rate. Recent research has pointed out the critical role of ubiquitination during the occurrence and development of intestinal I/R by precisely mediating protein quality control and function. Here, we conducted an integrated multiomic analysis to identify critical ubiquitination-associated molecules in intestinal I/R and identified endoplasmic reticulum-located HRD1 as a candidate molecule. During intestinal I/R, excessive ER stress plays a central role by causing apoptotic pathway activation. In particular, we found that ER stress-mediated apoptosis was mitigated by HRD1 knockdown in intestinal I/R mice. Mechanistically, TMEM2 was identified as a new substrate of HRD1 in intestinal I/R by mass spectrometry analysis, which has a crucial role in attenuating apoptosis and promoting non-canonical ER stress resistance. A strong negative correlation was found between the protein levels of HRD1 and TMEM2 in human intestinal ischemia samples. Specifically, HRD1 interacted with the lysine 42 residue of TMEM2 and reduced its stabilization by K48-linked polyubiquitination. Furthermore, KEGG pathway analysis revealed that TMEM2 regulated ER stress-mediated apoptosis in association with the PI3k/Akt signaling pathway rather than canonical ER stress pathways. In summary, HRD1 regulates ER stress-mediated apoptosis through a non-canonical pathway by ubiquitinating TMEM2 and inhibiting PI3k/Akt activation during intestinal I/R. The current study shows that HRD1 is an intestinal I/R critical regulator and that targeting the HRD1/TMEM2 axis may be a promising therapeutic approach.

Integrated photonic devices and artificial intelligence have presented a significant opportunity for the advancement of optical computing in practical applications. Optical computing technology is a unique computing system based on optical devices and computing functions, which significantly differs from the traditional electronic computing technology. On the other hand, optical computing technology offers the advantages such as fast speed, low energy consumption, and high parallelism. Yet there are still challenges such as device integration and portability. In the burgeoning development of micro–nano optics technology, especially the deeply ingrained concept of metasurface technique, it provides an advanced platform for optical computing applications, including edge detection, image or motion recognition, logic computation, and on-chip optical computing. With the aim of providing a comprehensive introduction and perspective for optical computing metasurface applications, we review the recent research advances of optical computing, from nanostructure and computing methods to practical applications. In this work, we review the challenges and analysis of optical computing metasurfaces in engineering field and look forward to the future development trends of optical computing.

Multifunctional nanocomposites (NC) can greatly enhance therapy outcomes by reducing tumor proliferative potential. We created a novel class of Zn_Mn_CMC_FA_sesamol NC in the current work to combat breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells. To understand how zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), carboxymethylcellulose, and folic acid (FA) interact with sesamol, UV-Visible spectrophotometer and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the absorption behavior of the synthesized NC. The particle size of NC was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and dynamic light scattering. Scanning electron microscopy was used to assess the morphological features of these NCs. photoluminescence spectrum was used to analyze the optical and electron transition molecules of the sample. In addition to MTT analysis, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nuclear staining with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole as well as flow cytometry were used to confirm the apoptotic activity of Zn_Mn_CMC_FA_sesamol NC on MDA-MB-231 cells. The results showed significant cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction on AO/EtBr, and increased ROS production in treated cells compared to control cells. The cell cycle analysis revealed that NCs triggered apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle in G0/G1 phases. As a conclusion, the created NC serves as a versatile platform for the successful molecularly targeted chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer.

Abstract Automatic profiled fibre recognition and analysis can accelerate quality inspection and contributes to the upgrade of the textile industry. However, these tasks often require significant manual effort to generate instance‐level annotations for fully supervised training. In this paper, the authors propose a weakly supervised pipeline for profiled fibre inspection using electron‐microscopic (EM) images with only image‐level annotations. It automatically identifies fibre instances and estimates shape factors to facilitate fibre quality inspection. As the core of the pipeline, the weakly supervised network (WesNet) is designed to localize hundreds of crowded fibre samples by raw patch generation and fibre sample sifting. Particularly, the composite similarity measurement integrates different patch‐wise similarities, enabling the network to distinguish fibre from background robustly. For quality inspection, the pipeline further analyzes the fibre instances, utilizing several efficient techniques to estimate the shape factors. Experiments on the real fibre electron‐microscopic images demonstrate the efficacy and efficiency of the pipeline. Results show that WesNet outperforms several supervised and weakly supervised methods, including two state‐of‐the‐art weakly supervised networks.

C32H44O6, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 12.2561 Å, b = 10.3674(4) Å, c = 23.3835(8) Å, β = 98.463°, V = 2938.85(19) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0602, wRref(F2) = 0.1537, T = 273(2) K.

The goaf roadways have problems of high surrounding rock stress and large deformation under the conditions of hard roof and wide coal pillars in thick coal seams. In order to solve the above problems, this paper takes the 16403 fully mechanized mining face of Laoshidan Coal Mine as the engineering research background. The paper theoretically analyzes the influencing factors of large deformation of goaf roadways from the perspective of lateral fracture structure of wide coal pillar roof. The numerical simulation method is used to study the implementation of different roof cutting and pressure relief schemes for 16402 transportation roadway. The stress transmission law of the lateral roof of the 16403 return airway near the goaf during mining is studied. The hydraulic fracturing drilling is carried out on site for roof cutting and pressure relief to achieve deformation control of the surrounding rock of the goaf roadway. The research results indicate that the fracture structure of 'cantilever beam in low hard rock layer+masonry beam in high hard rock layer' is the main reason for the large deformation of the wide coal pillar in the goaf roadway of the extra thick coal seam. The roof cutting and pressure relief technology can be used to destroy the lateral fracture structure of the wide coal pillar roof to control the large deformation of the surrounding rock in the goaf roadway. The change in roof cutting angle can cause a change in the length of key block B. The larger the roof cutting angle, the smaller the length of key block B. The degree of load transfer from the lateral roof of the goaf side to the coal pillar is weaker, and the mining stress borne by the surrounding rock of the goaf roadway is smaller. When the roof cutting angle is 100°, the vertical stress and deformation of the surrounding rock of the goaf roadway are the smallest. After hydraulic fracturing drilling is carried out at a roof cutting angle of 100° in the 16402 transportation roadway, the deformation of the roof and floor of the 16403 return air roadway is reduced by 86.5% compared to the 16402 return air roadway without roof cutting pressure relief. The deformation of the two sides is reduced by 87.1%. The stability of the surrounding rock of the goaf roadway is greatly improved.

Radar signal sorting is a crucial step in radar signal processing, and its accuracy directly affects the progress of electronic warfare. Numerous machine learning algorithms, such as K-Means and density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN), have been applied to radar signal sorting. However, these algorithms were not enough suitable for radar pulse data with overlapping in space and required prior information about the number of radar signal sources. This paper proposed an adaptive radar signal sorting algorithm based on DBSCAN. Inspired by the density peak clustering algorithm’s idea, we integrated it into Davies-Bouldin index (DBI) and then proposed a novel cluster validity index (CVI) density peaks Davies-Bouldin index (DPDBI) at the same time. The algorithm used the kernel density estimation method to determine the DBSCAN algorithm parameter range and obtained the optimal parameters to complete clustering based on the DPDBI calculation results. The algorithm could determine the clustering cluster number and complete clustering without any parameter input or overlapping signal parameters. Experiments were conducted on radar signal datasets, real datasets, and synthetic datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed cluster validity index DPDBI. The clustering results obtained from experiments on radar signal datasets have an average accuracy of over 95%, which was higher than the current existing algorithms, demonstrating the effectiveness and superiority of the new algorithm DPDBI-DBSCAN.

Objective To analyze the survival status of inpatients with cervical cancer registered in Nantong admitted in Nantong Cancer Hospital from 2002 to 2017. Methods Inpatients with cervical cancer in Nantong Cancer Hospital were followed up from 2017 until December 31, 2020 using active and passive methods to determine their survival outcome. The rate of follow-up loss was statistically analyzed by Chi-square test, the observed survival rate for each year was calculated using the life table, the survival curve was drawn with R language, and the survival rates of patients in different age groups and from different regions were compared with log-rank test (Mantel-Cox). Results A total of 5645 cervical cancer cases were registered. Among them, the survival outcome was recorded for 5512 cases. The success rate of follow-up was 97.64%, and the loss of follow-up rate was 2.36%. The average age of onset was 56.67±12.78 years. The median survival time was 6.54 years, and the 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year observed survival rates were 91.50%, 76.95%, 60.99%, and 28.51%, respectively. Among the age groups, significant differences in survival rate were observed between the 15- and 60-year-old groups (χ2=7.469, P=0.006) and between the 15- and 80-year-old groups (χ2=36.317, P < 0.001). No significant difference in survival rate was found between patients from Haimen and Qidong (χ2=2.779, P=0.095) and between patients from Qidong and Tongzhou (χ2=0.515, P=0.473). Significant difference in survival rate was observed among other regions (P < 0.05). Conclusion In this study group, the survival rates of hospital-based patients with cervical cancer significantly differ among the age groups and regions of origin and significantly decreased with age. The high follow-up rate fully reflects the comprehensive effect of the treatment in Nantong Cancer Hospital for registered patients with cervical cancer in Nantong.

In the era of evidence-based medicine, it is necessary to explore the unique advantages of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) based on standardized technical methods and operating procedures in order to achieve the modernization and internationalization of TCM and benefit all humanity. The proposal of a three-pronged evidence system combining TCM theory, human experience and experimental evidence marks an important progress in the thinking method of the TCM evaluation system. The multi-evidence body integrated through appropriate methods provides a strong support for the clinical guideline recommendations and evidence-based health decision-making in TCM. Based on the current methodological progress of international evidence synthesis and grading, this paper proposes a novel approach for integrating multi-evidence in TCM: the MERGE framework. The aim is to establish a solid foundation for the development of this methodology and provide guidance for the advancement of evidence-based medicine framework in TCM.

In this paper, a non-intrusive load identification algorithm for residents based on prior knowledge and statistical learning model is proposed to solve the problem of insufficient electric heating subdivision capability in traditional identification technology. In this paper, the electric heating subdivision research is carried out for the auxiliary heating equipment of washing machine, electric kettle, electric rice cooker, electric water heater. The subdivision of auxiliary heating equipment is realized through the equipment operation association algorithm, and the model training of non-auxiliary heating equipment classification is realized based on the limited feedback information of users and expert annotation. The experimental results show that the technical framework proposed in this paper realizes the subdivision of electric heating equipment on the basis of the event detection load identification algorithm and F1 socre above 0.9 is achieved in the decomposition of operation state.

With the increasing penetration rate of renewable energy, the inertia of the power grid gradually decreases, and the transient support capacity is seriously insufficient. It brings a series of security problems to the power grid. A distributed grid-connected topology cascaded by energy storage and open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generator (OW-PMSG) is proposed in this paper. By the topology, the renewable energy can be consumed. At the same time, the diesel engines can provide power backup and inertia support. By modelling the OW-PMSG and analyzing the power flow vector, a power transfer strategy based on the source-grid phase closed-loop control is designed to achieve stable synchronous operation of the generator. Based on this strategy, the energy storage converter can have synchronous generator characteristics, which achieves further improvement of grid inertia and transient support capability. The simulation results verify the feasibility of the proposed control strategy.

Merging traditional Chinese medicine's (TCM) principles of medicine-food homology with modern flavor chemistry, this research unveils PungentDB (http://www.pungentdb.org.cn/home), a database documenting 205 unique pungent flavor compounds from 231 TCMs. It provides detailed insights into their chemical attributes, biological targets (including IC50/EC50 values), and molecular structures (2D/3D), enriched with visualizations of target organ distribution and protein structures, exploring the pungent flavor space with the help of a feature-rich visual interface. This collection, derived from over 3249 sources and highlighting 9129 targets, delves into the compounds' unique pungent flavors—taste, aroma, and thermal sensations—and their interaction with taste and olfactory receptors. PungentDB bridges ancient wisdom and culinary innovation, offering a nuanced exploration of pungent flavors' role in enhancing food quality, safety, and sensory experiences. This initiative propels flavor chemistry forward, serving as a pivotal resource for food science advancement and the innovative application of pungent flavors.

The transesterification of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with ethanol to ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) has attracted increasing attention, which could be greatly promoted by heterogeneous solid base catalysts. The K2CO3/Al2O3 solid base catalysts with different active sites such as K2CO3, KAl(OH)2CO3, and KAlO2 were prepared for the transesterification reaction. The active sites of K2CO3 and KAl(OH)2CO3 mainly exist on the surface of KA-200 and KA-300, while K2CO3 and KAlO2 were mainly present on KA-400 and KA-500. The effects of active sites and the phase of support were studied systematically. KAl(OH)2CO3 showed higher activity than K2CO3 and KAlO2. In contrast, K2CO3 and KAlO2 displayed higher stability, with the activity of KA-400 kept stable over 2000 h. The excessive OH group of γ-AlOOH and water in the reaction system have a negative effect on the activity of the K2CO3/Al2O3 catalysts. The catalytic characterizations, transesterification reactions, and DFT calculations suggested that K+ in the KAl(OH)2CO3 species, with higher electron cloud density than that in K2CO3/γ-Al2O3, could efficiently promote the dissociation of ethanol and subsequent replacement of methoxy with ethoxy. The rate-determining step for the transesterification reaction was suggested to be the dissociation of ethanol.

ABSTRACT Oxford Nanopore sequencing is one of the high-throughput sequencing technologies that facilitates the reconstruction of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). This study aimed to assess the potential of long-read assembly algorithms in Oxford Nanopore sequencing to enhance the MAG-based identification of bacterial pathogens using both simulated and mock communities. Simulated communities were generated to mimic those on fresh spinach and in surface water. Long reads were produced using R9.4.1+SQK-LSK109 and R10.4 + SQK-LSK112, with 0.5, 1, and 2 million reads. The simulated bacterial communities included multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotypes Heidelberg, Montevideo, and Typhimurium in the fresh spinach community individually or in combination, as well as multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the surface water community. Real data sets of the ZymoBIOMICS HMW DNA Standard were also studied. A bioinformatic pipeline (MAGenie, freely available at https://github.com/jackchen129/MAGenie) that combines metagenome assembly, taxonomic classification, and sequence extraction was developed to reconstruct draft MAGs from metagenome assemblies. Five assemblers were evaluated based on a series of genomic analyses. Overall, Flye outperformed the other assemblers, followed by Shasta, Raven, and Unicycler, while Canu performed least effectively. In some instances, the extracted sequences resulted in draft MAGs and provided the locations and structures of antimicrobial resistance genes and mobile genetic elements. Our study showcases the viability of utilizing the extracted sequences for precise phylogenetic inference, as demonstrated by the consistent alignment of phylogenetic topology between the reference genome and the extracted sequences. R9.4.1+SQK-LSK109 was more effective in most cases than R10.4+SQK-LSK112, and greater sequencing depths generally led to more accurate results.IMPORTANCEBy examining diverse bacterial communities, particularly those housing multiple Salmonella enterica serotypes, this study holds significance in uncovering the potential of long-read assembly algorithms to improve metagenome-assembled genome (MAG)-based pathogen identification through Oxford Nanopore sequencing. Our research demonstrates that long-read assembly stands out as a promising avenue for boosting precision in MAG-based pathogen identification, thus advancing the development of more robust surveillance measures. The findings also support ongoing endeavors to fine-tune a bioinformatic pipeline for accurate pathogen identification within complex metagenomic samples.

BackgroundIn elderly individuals suffering from hip fractures, a prolonged hospital length of stay (PLOS) not only heightens the probability of patient complications but also amplifies mortality risks. Yet, most elderly hip fracture patients present compromised baseline health conditions. Additionally, PLOS leads to increased expenses for patient treatment and care, while also diminishing hospital turnover rates. This, in turn, jeopardizes the prompt allocation of beds for urgent cases.MethodsA retrospective study was carried out from October 2021 to November 2023 on 360 elderly hip fracture patients who underwent surgical treatment at West China Hospital. The 75th percentile of the total patient cohort’s hospital stay duration, which was 12 days, was used to define prolonged hospital length of stay (PLOS). The cohort was divided into training and testing datasets with a 70:30 split. A predictive model was developed using the random forest algorithm, and its performance was validated and compared with the Lasso regression model.ResultsOut of 360 patients, 103 (28.61%) experienced PLOS. A Random Forest classification model was developed using the training dataset, identifying 10 essential variables. The Random Forest model achieved perfect performance in the training set, with an area under the curve (AUC), balanced accuracy, Kappa value, and F1 score of 1.000. In the testing set, the model’s performance was assessed with an AUC of 0.846, balanced accuracy of 0.7294, Kappa value of 0.4325, and F1 score of 0.6061.ConclusionThis study aims to develop a prognostic model for predicting delayed discharge in elderly patients with hip fractures, thereby improving the accuracy of predicting PLOS in this population. By utilizing machine learning models, clinicians can optimize the allocation of medical resources and devise effective rehabilitation strategies for geriatric hip fracture patients. Additionally, this method can potentially improve hospital bed turnover rates, providing latent benefits for the healthcare system.