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Objective To investigate the effect of self-management intervention based on Information-Motivation-Behavioral (IMB) model in the patients with advanced lung cancer receiving targeted therapy. Methods A total of 102 patients with advanced lung cancer receiving targeted therapy in a tertiary grade A hospital were divided into study group (n=51) and control group (n=51) according to the sequence of hospital admission. The patients in the control group were provided with routine intervention, while patients in the study group were treated with the self-management interventions based on the IMB model. The disease knowledge level, self-management skills and quality of life were evaluated before intervention and one month after discharge. Results The scores of disease knowledge questionnaire, Strategies Used by People to Promote Health (SUPPH)and Generic Quality of Life Inventory-74 (GQOLI-74) were decreased in both two groups after intervention, and scores of relevant assessment in the study group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0. 05). Conclusion The self-management interventions based on IMB model can effectively improve lung cancer patients' self- management ability and quality of life during targeted therapy. (目的 分析基于信息-动机-行为技巧(IMB)模型的自我管理干预在肺癌靶向治疗患者中的应用效果。方法 选取2021年3月—2022年3月医院住院的肺癌靶向治疗患者102例, 按患者住院时间分为对照组和干预组, 其中2021年3月—9月收治的51例患者为对照组, 2021年10月—2022年3月收治的51例患者为干预组。对照组患者接受常规护理干预, 干预组患者在对照组基础上实施基于 IMB 模型的自我管理干预, 两组患者干预时间均为1个月。分别于入组时、干预后1个月时评估两组患者疾病知识水平、自我管理能力和生活质量。结果 干预后, 两组疾病知识调查问卷、癌症自我管理效能感量表(SUPPH)和生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI-74)得分较干预前上升, 且干预组疾病知识调查问卷、SUPPH量表和GQOLI-74问卷得分高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。结论 基于IMB模型的自我管理干预可改善肺癌靶向治疗患者自我管理水平, 提升患者生活质量。)

Endovascular thrombectomy is a first ⁃ line treatment option for acute large vessel occlusive ischemic stroke after strict selection, which is an effective method to improve the good prognosis rate of patients. More and more evidence⁃based medicine proves that balloon guide catheter (BGC) can shorten the reperfusion time, increase the rate of initial reperfusion, and reduce the risk of distal embolism due to it's proximal blood flow occlusion, but the application of BGC in emergency endovascular thrombectomy is still limited. This review summarizes the clinical application progress of BGC to provide theoretical basis for it's application in emergency endovascular thrombectomy.

ObjectiveTo establish antemortem and postmortem injury models in nude mice, observe the morphological changes of the wounds and the changes of the microbial communities in the wounds at different time points after the injury, and analyze the differences between antemortem and postmortem wounds.MethodsAbdominal injury models were established in 48 BALB/c nude mice, which were classified into antemortem injury, 4 h and 72 h postmortem injury groups, and the gross manifestations and histopathological changes were observed on days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11 and 15 after injury. The microbial communities in the wounds were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing technology. QIIME 2 software was used to calculate Shannon and Observed species indices. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine statistical differences in α-diversity between groups. Jaccard similarity coefficients were calculated by using R v4.3.0 software and applied to the principal co-ordinates analysis to demonstrate inter-sample differences. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance （PERMANOVA） was used to analyze the differences between groups in the composition of bacterial colonies, and R2 values were calculated.ResultsOn days 8, 11 and 15 after injury, the antemortem and postmortem injuries could not be differentiated by morphological examination; the Shannon index and Observed species index were statistically different between the antemortem injury group and the 72 h postmortem injury group; the Jaccard similarity coefficient of the microbial community was statistically different between the antemortem injury group and the 72 h postmortem injury group. The PERMANOVA R2 value gradually increased with the extension of time （0.22-0.61）.ConclusionThrough the analysis of the wound microbial community, the microbial composition of wounds at different time points can be identified and compared, which provides a new perspective and method for the differentiation of antemortem injuries from postmortem injuries, with good application prospects.

Objective·To detect the serum levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) in patients with multiple injuries at different time points, and to analyze their correlation with disease severity, complications and prognosis.Methods·Ninety-two patients with multiple injuries admitted to the Department of Emergency Medicine of the Suzhou Ninth People′s Hospital from December 2020 to December 2022 were selected. According to the injury severity scores of the patients at admission, the patients were divided into light injury group (n=24), grave injury group (n=58) and severe injury group (n=10). According to whether there was multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) after admission, the patients were divided into MODS group (n=20) and non-MODS group (n=72). According to the outcome within 28 d after trauma, the patients were divided into death group (n=13) and survival group (n=79). Inflammatory factor indicators in venous blood of patients after admission were detected. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum HMGB1 and sTREM-1 levels at 24 h, 72 h and 7 d after trauma, and the differences of serum HMGB1 and sTREM-1 levels among different groups were analyzed. Multiple Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of adverse outcomes in patients with multiple injuries. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of HMGB1 and sTREM-1 for adverse outcomes.Results·The levels of HMGB1 and sTREM-1 in the grave injury and severe injury groups were significantly higher than those in the light injury group (P

Abstract During myocardial infarction, microcirculation disturbance in the ischemic area can cause necrosis and formation of fibrotic tissue, potentially leading to malignant arrhythmia and myocardial remodeling. Here, we report a microchanneled hydrogel suture for two-way signal communication, pumping drugs on demand, and cardiac repair. After myocardial infarction, our hydrogel suture monitors abnormal electrocardiogram through the mobile device and triggers nitric oxide on demand via the hydrogel sutures’ microchannels, thereby inhibiting inflammation, promoting microvascular remodeling, and improving the left ventricular ejection fraction in rats and minipigs by more than 60% and 50%, respectively. This work proposes a suture for bidirectional communication that acts as a cardio-patch to repair myocardial infarction, that remotely monitors the heart, and can deliver drugs on demand.

Objective. Improving diagnostic ability of pediatric sepsis is of great significance for reducing the mortality of sepsis. This study explored the discriminatory capacity of nutritional index (PNI) in pediatric sepsis. Methods. We retrospectively enrolled 134 children with suspected sepsis and collected their clinical and laboratory data. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), decision curve analysis (DCA) and net reclassification improvement (NRI) were performed to compare the predictive significance of the PNI, procalcitonin (PCT) and their combination. Results. Among 134 patients, 65 children were diagnosed with sepsis and 69 children with non-sepsis. PCT and PNI were independently associated with pediatric sepsis. PCT was superior to PNI to predict pediatric sepsis. The model based on PCT + PNI improved the predictive capacity than them alone, as demonstrated by ROC, DCA and NRI, respectively. Conclusion. PNI was independently associated with pediatric sepsis, and addition of PNI could improve the capacity of PCT to predict pediatric sepsis.

Small molecular sugars are a group of sugars with low molecular weight, mainly including monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other oligosaccharides with low degree of polymerization. Small molecular sugars are commonly used as food additives in the food industy, including providing sweetness, improving food texture and optimizeing food processing adaptability. In addition, some small molecular sugars also have unique physiological functions that can be used to regulate the nutritional quality of food. Starch is the most common staple component in food, and starch and its modified derivatives are also widely used as food ingredients in food categories such as sauces, dairy products, beverages, and meat products. The composite system of small molecular sugar and starch is widely used in food. The addition of small molecular sugar has an important impact on the properties of natural starch, and plays an important role in regulating the quality of starch-based foods. This article mainly introduces the common small molecular sugars in food and their effects on the main physical and chemical properties of starch (gel texture, transparency, coagulation, gelatinization, freeze-thaw stability, aging, digestion, etc.), with emphasis on the impact of different types and amounts of small molecular sugars on the properties of starch from different sources. This paper aimed to provide reference for the application of small molecular sugars in starch based foods.

Ethyl-linked anthocyanin-flavanol pigments are one of the most important condensation products formed during the red winemaking and ageing period. They have great contribution to the color characteristics and stability of aged red wines. In this study, the color characteristics and stability of ethyl-linked anthocyanin-flavanol pigments and their precursor anthocyanins were evaluated by combined spectrophotometry and 3D molecular simulations. In model wine solutions, the condensation reactions between three anthocyanins and (-)-epicatechin, mediated by acetaldehyde, were conducted to produce ethyl-linked anthocyanin-flavanol pigments. The color was assessed by the CIELab method, and the concentration changes were analyzed by HPLC-DAD. On the other hand, the stability of these pigmented compounds was also calculated by the three 3D molecular simulation methods, that is molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics, and quantum chemistry simulation. The results obtained from CIELab analysis indicated that the formation of ethyl-linked anthocyanin-flavanol pigments resulted in a decrease of L*, a*, b* and C* values, and conversely, a rising of h* value. The 3D molecular simulations revealed that the stability of anthocyanins was as follows: Mv-3-O-glu > Pn-3-O-glu > Cy-3-O-glu. The cis or trans ethyl-linked anthocyanin-flavanol pigments were much more stable than their precursor anthocyanins. Among the pigments, ethyl-linked malvidin-3-O-glucoside-flavanol was more stable than ethyl-linked cyanidin-3-O-glucoside-flavanol and ethyl-linked peonidin-3-O-glucoside-flavanol.

Background: Numerous first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) were developed for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lacking driver gene mutations. However, this group consists of a heterogeneous patient population, for whom the optimal therapeutic choice is yet to be confirmed. Objective: To identify the best first-line immunotherapy regimen for overall advanced NSCLC patients and different subgroups. Design: Systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA). Methods: We searched several databases to retrieve relevant literature. We performed Bayesian NMA for the overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and treatment-related adverse events (tr-AEs) with a grade equal or more than 3 (grade ⩾ 3 tr-AEs). Subgroup analysis was conducted according to programed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) levels, histologic type, central nervous system (CNS) metastases and tobacco use history. Results: For the PD-L1 non-selective patients, sintilimab plus chemotherapy (sinti-chemo) provided the best OS [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI):0.42–0.83]. Nivolumab plus bevacizumab plus chemotherapy (nivo-bev-chemo) was comparable to atezolizumab plus bevacizumab plus chemotherapy (atezo-bev-chemo) in prolonging PFS (HR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.51–1.91). Atezo-bev-chemo remarkably elevated the ORR than chemotherapy (OR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.51–6.59). Subgroup analysis showed pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy (pembro-chemo) ranked first in OS in subgroups of PD-L1

Objective To investigate the effects of cholesterol-lowering agents on the proliferation, stemness characters, migration, invasion, and neutrophil extracellular traps formation (NETs) formation in liver cancer cells. Methods ASPP2 or HMGCR gene was knocked down in mouse liver cancer cell Hepa1-6 to establish cells with high or low cholesterol, respectively. Simvastatin and berberine were used to reduce cholesterol synthesis. CCK-8 and plate cloning assays were conducted to detect the proliferation ability of liver cancer cells. Sphere formation assay and qRT-PCR were used to analyze the stemness character and expression of related genes. Wound-healing assay and Transwell assay were used to analyze the ability of cell migration and invasion. Immunofluorescence staining was carried out to analyze the effect of lipid-lowering agent on NETs formation. Results Cholesterol-lowering agents significantly inhibited the proliferation and stemness-related gene expression of Hepa1-6 cells (P < 0.001), significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of Hepa1-6 cells (P < 0.001), and significantly inhibited the neutrophil-induced invasion and formation of NETs (P < 0.001). Conclusion Cholesterol-lowering agents suppress the proliferation and invasion via inhibiting the stemness characters and NETs formation in liver cancer cells. It is a potential strategy for the treatment of liver cancer metastasis.

Objective To summarize the clinical features of postoperative epileptic seizure in adults with moyamoya disease (MMD) treated with combined revascularization, and screen the related influencing factors. Methods Total 189 patients with MMD who underwent combined revascularization in Department of Neurosurgery of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province from January 2015 to June 2021 were included. Univariate and multivariate forward Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the influencing factors of epilepsy after combined revascularization in MMD patients. Results Logistic regression analysis showed preoperative seizure (OR = 5.523, 95%CI: 1.486-20.524; P = 0.011), revascularization bypass vessel located in frontal lobe (OR = 2.793, 95%CI: 1.027-7.597; P = 0.044), postoperative cerebral infarction (OR = 9.025, 95%CI: 2.121-38.404; P = 0.003), cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (OR = 3.624, 95%CI: 1.281-10.253; P = 0.015) and intracranial hemorrhage (OR = 5.646, 95%CI: 1.219-26.142; P = 0.027) were the risk factors of postoperative epileptic seizure in patients with MMD. Conclusions Preoperative seizure, revascularization bypass vessel located in frontal lobe, postoperative cerebral infarction, cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome and intracranial hemorrhage are the clinical risk factors of epileptic seizure in adult MMD patients, timely intervention of risk factors may reduce postoperative epileptic seizure in patients with MMD.

The rapid growth of household photovoltaics poses a significant challenge to the safe operation of distribution networks. To enable the unified monitoring of household photovoltaic inverters by power grid companies, this paper introduces an information interaction device for household photovoltaic inverters based on high-speed power line carrier communication and high-speed radio frequency communication. The study begins by analyzing the information access architecture of the household photovoltaic inverter, followed by a presentation of the hardware and software design of the information interaction device. Subsequent experiments conducted at various photovoltaic stations demonstrate an impressive 98% success rate for information interaction, highlighting the device’s robust reliability.

The application of carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRP) was limited by their poor delamination resistance. However, the hierarchical microstructure of flax fibers could help to improve the interlaminar properties of the composite. Therefore, the interlaminar fracture toughness of CFRP composites can be improved by hybridized flax with carbon fibers. In this study, the carbon/flax fiber hybrid composites (CFFRP) were manufactured by moulding process. The mode Ⅰand mode Ⅱ interlaminar fracture toughnesses of CFFRP composites were studied by double cantilever beam (DCB) and end-notched flexure (ENF) tests, and were compared with those of CFRP composites. The results show that the Mode Ⅰinterlaminar fracture toughness of CFFRP composite is 1.29 kJ/m2, which is about 3.5 times higher than that of CFRP composites (0.37 kJ/m2). The Mode Ⅱinterlaminar fracture toughness is 1.09 kJ/m2 and is about 23.86% higher than that of CFRP composites (0.88 kJ/m2). The interlaminar fractured surfaces of CFRP and CFFRP composites are observed with the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From the microscopies of the fractured CFRP specimens it can be seen that pure delamination by the peeling of carbon fibers from epoxy resin is obtained for CFRP composites. The surfaces of carbon fibers were relatively clean and few epoxy resin fragments attached. The weak interfacial properties between carbon fiber and epoxy resin cause a lower GⅠc for CFRP composites. On the contrary, from the observation of SEM photographs of flax fiber layers in the interlaminar fractured CFFRP composites, fiber breakage, fiber peeling and fiber entanglement are founded. On the fractured carbon fiber layer, there are some flax fibers tangling with carbon fibers. These multi-scale failure modes due to the unique microstructure of the flax fibers may make the crack propagation become difficult and thus lead to the GⅠc and GⅡc increased for CFFRP composites than those of CFRP composites.

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis of the left atrial appendage (LAA). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this site‐specificity remain poorly understood. Here, we present a comparative single‐cell transcriptional profile of paired atrial appendages from patients with AF and illustrate the chamber‐specific properties of the main cell types. Methods Single‐cell RNA sequencing analysis of matched atrial appendage samples from three patients with persistent AF was evaluated by 10× genomics. The AF mice model was created using Tbx5 knockout mice. Validation experiments were performed by glutathione S‐transferase pull‐down assays, coimmunoprecipitation (Co‐IP), cleavage assays and shear stress experiments in vitro. Results In LAA, phenotype switching from endothelial cells to fibroblasts and inflammation associated with proinflammatory macrophage infiltration were observed. Importantly, the coagulation cascade is highly enriched in LAA endocardial endothelial cells (EECs), accompanying the up‐regulation of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 1 (ADAMTS1) and the down‐regulation of the tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and TFPI2. Similar alterations were verified in an AF mouse model (Tbx5+/−) and EECs treated with simulated AF shear stress in vitro. Furthermore, we revealed that the cleavage of both TFPI and TFPI2 based on their interaction with ADAMTS1 would lead to loss of anticoagulant activities of EECs. Conclusions This study highlights the decrease in the anticoagulant status of EECs in LAA as a potential mechanism underlying the propensity for thrombosis, which may aid the development of anticoagulation therapeutic approaches targeting functionally distinct cell subsets or molecules during AF.

Abstract. Objective:. Diverse antithrombotic strategies were applied to patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. However, the optimal therapeutic regimen for patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation/replacement (TAVI/TAVR) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of various antithrombotic therapies following TAVI/TAVR. Methods:. Relevant clinical trials evaluating the effect of anticoagulation or antiplatelet regimens on patients after TAVI/TAVR from inception to September 2020 were identified using the PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases. The inclusion criteria including (1) all patients underwent TAVI/TAVR; (2) the interventions were antithrombotic strategies that prevent the occurrence of thrombotic events in patients; (3) randomized controlled trials or prospective observational studies; and (4) investigation of at least 1 outcome with a follow-up period of ≥3 months. The exclusion criteria including (1) research content was identical or irrelevant to the purpose of the present study; (2) lack of the required outcome index or availability of fragmentary original information; and (3) the full text is not available. The major outcomes were all-cause mortality, thromboembolic complications, and bleeding events. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used for assessing the risk of bias in included studies. Results:. Thirteen studies (3 randomized controlled trials and 10 non-randomized studies) were identified, with a total of 23,497 patients. Four studies compared direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with warfarin, 1 study compared aspirin with warfarin, 6 studies compared aspirin plus clopidogrel (dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT)) with aspirin monotherapy, and 2 studies compared DAPT and aspirin monotherapy with warfarin concurrently. There were no significant differences found between the DOAC and warfarin groups regarding all-cause mortality (risk ratio (RR): 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65–1.64; P = 0.909; Phet = 0.105), clinical adverse events (RR: 1.59; 95% CI: 0.99–2.58; P = 0.057; Phet = 0.738), or bleeding events (RR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.78–1.11; P = 0.437; Phet = 0.338). The rates of all-cause mortality (RR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.54–0.93; P = 0.012; Phet = 0.845) and bleeding events (RR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.22–0.83; P = 0.012; Phet = 0.569) were lower in the aspirin group versus the warfarin group; however, there was no difference in the rate of clinical adverse events (RR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.14–1.07; P = 0.068; Phet = 0.593). The DAPT group had an advantage versus the aspirin group in all-cause mortality (RR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.82–0.98; P = 0.013; Phet = 0.299); however, the incidence of bleeding events (RR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.39–3.07; P

ObjectiveTo study the phenomenon of pulmonary hypostasis in corpses of various causes of death， and to explore the potential value of this phenomenon in assisting forensic pathological diagnosis of drowning.MethodsA total of 235 cases with clear cause of death through systematic autopsy were collected from January 2011 to June 2021 in Guangzhou. According to the location of body discovery, the cases were divided into the water body group （97 cases） and the non-water body group （138 cases）, and the water body group was further divided into the water drowning group （90 cases） and the water non-drowning group （7 cases）. Non-water body group was further divided into the non-water drowning group （1 case） and the non-water non-drowning group （137 cases）. Three senior forensic pathologists independently reviewed autopsy photos to determine whether there was hypostasis in the lungs. The detection rate of pulmonary hypostasis was calculated.ResultsThe detection rate of pulmonary hypostasis in the water drowning group （90 cases） was 0， and the negative rate was 100%. The detection rate of pulmonary hypostasis in the water non-drowning group （7 cases） was 100% and the negative rate was 0. The detection rate of pulmonary hypostasis in the water body group and in the non-water body group （after excluding 2 cases, 136 cases were calculated） was 7.22% and 87.50%， respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of pulmonary hypostasis between water body group and non-water body group, and between water drowning group and water non-drowning group （P

ObjectiveTo explore the application values of diatom artificial intelligence （AI） search system in the diagnosis of drowning.MethodsThe liver and kidney tissues of 12 drowned corpses were taken and were performed with the diatom test, the view images were obtained by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Diatom detection and forensic expert manual identification were carried out under the thresholds of 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 of the diatom AI search system, respectively. Diatom recall rate， precision rate and image exclusion rate were used to detect and compare the efficiency of diatom AI search system.ResultsThere was no statistical difference between the number of diatoms detected in the target marked by the diatom AI search system and the number of diatoms identified manually （P>0.05）; the recall rates of the diatom AI search system were statistically different under different thresholds （P

ObjectiveTo select four algorithms with relatively balanced complexity and accuracy among deep learning image classification algorithms for automatic diatom recognition, and to explore the most suitable classification algorithm for diatom recognition to provide data reference for automatic diatom testing research in forensic medicine.MethodsThe “diatom” and “background” small sample size data set （20 000 images） of digestive fluid smear of corpse lung tissue in water were built to train, validate and test four convolutional neural network （CNN） models, including VGG16, ResNet50, InceptionV3 and Inception-ResNet-V2. The receiver operating characteristic curve （ROC） of subjects and confusion matrixes were drawn, recall rate, precision rate， specificity， accuracy rate and F1 score were calculated， and the performance of each model was systematically evaluated.ResultsThe InceptionV3 model achieved much better results than the other three models with a balanced recall rate of 89.80%, a precision rate of 92.58%. The VGG16 and Inception-ResNet-V2 had similar diatom recognition performance. Although the performance of diatom recall and precision detection could not be balanced, the recognition ability was acceptable. ResNet50 had the lowest diatom recognition performance, with a recall rate of 55.35%. In terms of feature extraction, the four models all extracted the features of diatom and background and mainly focused on diatom region as the main identification basis.ConclusionIncluding the Inception-dependent model, which has stronger directivity and targeting in feature extraction of diatom. The InceptionV3 achieved the best performance on diatom identification and feature extraction compared to the other three models. The InceptionV3 is more suitable for daily forensic diatom examination.

ObjectiveTo retrospectively analyze diatom test cases of corpses in water and discuss the value of quantitative analysis of diatoms in the diagnosis of drowning.MethodsA total of 490 cases of water-related death were collected. They were divided into drowning group and postmortem immersion group according to the cause of death. Diatoms in lung, liver, kidney tissue and water sample were analyzed quantitatively by microwave digestion-vacuum filtration-automated scanning electron microscopy （MD-VF-Auto SEM） method. The ratios of content of diatoms in lung tissue and water sample （CL/CD） were calculated.ResultsThe results of diatom test for three organs （lung, liver and kidney） were all positive in 400 cases （85.5%）; the content of diatom in lung, liver, kidney tissues, and water samples of drowning group were （113 235.9±317 868.1）, （26.7±75.6）, （23.3±52.2） and （12 113.3±21 760.0） cells/10 g, respectively; the species of diatom were （7.5±2.8）, （2.6±1.9）, （2.9±2.1） and （8.9±3.0） types, respectively; the CL/CD of drowning group and postmortem immersion group were （100.6±830.7） and （0.3±0.4）, respectively.ConclusionQuantitative analysis of diatoms can provide supportive evidence for the diagnosis of drowning, and the parameter CL/CD can be introduced into the analysis to make a more accurate diagnosis of drowning.

ObjectiveTo study the effects of temperature and time for diatoms digestion and find out suitable digestive temperature and time.MethodsEighty pieces of liver tissues were collected, each piece of tissue was 2 g, and 2 mL Pearl River water was added to each piece of tissue. The digestion temperature was set at 100 ℃, 120 ℃, 140 ℃, 160 ℃, 180 ℃ and the digestion time was set at 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 min. The liver tissue and water mixture were divided into 8 portions in each group. All the samples were tested by microwave digestive - vacuum filtration - automated scanning electron microscopy method. The quantity of diatom recovered and the quality of residue on the membrane were recorded.ResultsWhen the digestion time was set to 60 min, there were statistically significant differences in the number of diatoms recovered at different temperatures （P0.05）.ConclusionThe effect of diatom digestion is related to temperature and time. When the digestion temperature was 140 ℃ and the digestion time was 40, 50 and 60 min, it is favorable for diatom test.

Diatom test is the main laboratory test method in the diagnosis of drowning in forensic medicine. It plays an important role in differentiating the antemortem drowning from the postmortem drowning and inferring drowning site. Artificial intelligence （AI） automatic diatom test is a technological innovation in forensic drowning diagnosis which is based on morphological characteristics of diatom, the application of AI algorithm to automatic identification and classification of diatom in tissues and organs. This paper discusses the morphological diatom test methods and reviews the research progress of automatic diatom recognition and classification involving AI algorithms. AI deep learning algorithm can assist diatom testing to obtain objective, accurate, and efficient qualitative and quantitative analysis results, which is expected to become a new direction of diatom testing research in the drowning of forensic medicine in the future.

ObjectiveTo study whether diatoms can enter the body through the lymphatic system of the digestive tract.MethodsTwenty experimental rabbits were divided into the test group and the control group randomly, and intragastric administration was performed with 20 mL water sample from the Pearl River and 20 mL ultrapure water, respectively. After 30 min, lymph, lungs， livers and kidneys were extracted for the diatom test. The concentration, size and type of diatoms were recorded.ResultsThe concentration of diatoms of the test group was higher than that of the control group （P

ObjectiveTo compare the application effect of microwave digestion - vacuum filtration - automated scanning electron microscopy （MD-VF-Auto SEM） method and plankton gene multiplex PCR system in the diagnosis of drowning.MethodsLung, liver and kidney tissue of 10 non-drowning cases and 50 drowning cases were prepared for further MD-VF-Auto SEM method analysis and plankton gene multiplex PCR system analysis. The positive detection rate of the two methods in each tissue was calculated.ResultsThe positive rate of the MD-VF-Auto SEM method detecting diatoms in drowning cases was 100%, and few diatoms were detected in the liver and kidney tissues of 6 non-drowning cases. By using the plankton gene multiplex PCR system, the diatom positive rate of drowning cases was 84%, and all the non-drowning cases were negative. There were significant differences in the positive rate of the liver, kidney tissues between MD-VF-Auto SEM method and plankton gene multiplex PCR system （P0.05）.ConclusionMD-VF-Auto SEM method is more sensitive than plankton gene multiplex PCR system in diatom test. But the plankton gene multiplex PCR system can also detect plankton other than diatoms. Combination of the two methods can provide a more reliable basis for the diagnosis of drowning.

Based on different high-entropy alloys (HEAs) systems, the latest research progress in additive manufactured high-entropy alloys was reviewed. The rapid solidification microstructure, segregation and precipitation behaviors of high-entropy alloys fabricated by additive manufacturing with different compositions were described. Especially, the analysis was focused on the mechanical properties, deformation and strengthening mechanisms. It was pointed out that the appropriate additive manufacturing process should be selected for different high-entropy alloy systems, and the influencing factors of forming quality need to be further studied. Finally, it was proposed that high-entropy alloys with both excellent strength and high plasticity can be developed and prepared by additive manufacturing technology.

Tumors provide materials and energy for themselves through glucose metabolic reprogramming to meet the needs of their rapid growth. Studies have shown that a variety of metabolic enzymes and signal molecules involved in glucose metabolism play an important role in tumorigenesis and development, and are considered to be important targets for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. The detection technology based on tumor glucose metabolism has been widely used in basic research and clinical diagnosis and treatment of tumor. This paper summarizes the characteristics, driving factors and key regulatory targets of tumor glucose metabolism, and the detection techniques and functions of tumor glucose metabolism from the aspects of basic medical research and clinical diagnosis and treatment.

All-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite is an attractive emission material for high-stability perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs), due to the high thermal and chemical stability. However, the external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of CsPbBr3 based PeLEDs are still far behind their organic–inorganic congeners. Massive defect states on the surface of CsPbBr3 perovskite grains should be the main reason. Lewis base additives have been widely used to passivate surface defects. However, systematic investigations which relate to improving the passivation effect via rational molecule design are still lacking. Here, we demonstrate that the CsPbBr3 film’s optical and electrical properties can be significantly boosted by tailoring the hardness–softness of the Lewis base additives. Three carboxylate Lewis bases with different tail groups are selected to in-situ passivate CsPbBr3 perovskite films. Our research indicates that 4-(trifluoromethyl) benzoate acid anion (TBA−) with the powerful electron-withdrawing group trifluoromethyl and benzene ring possesses the softest COO− bonding head. TBA− thus acts as a soft Lewis base and possesses a robust combination with unsaturated lead atoms caused by halogen vacancies. Based on this, the all-inorganic CsPbBr3 PeLEDs with a maximum EQE up to 16.75% and a half-lifetime over 129 h at an initial brightness of 100 cd m−2 is thus delivered.