Search

Abstract To provide a basis for further optimization of the polio sequential immunization schedule, this study evaluated the effectiveness of booster immunization with one dose of bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV) at 48 months of age after different primary polio immunization schedules. At 48 months of age, one dose of bOPV was administered, and their poliovirus types 1–3 (PV1, PV2, and PV3, respectively)-specific neutralizing antibody levels were determined. Participants found to be negative for any type of PV-specific neutralizing antibody at 24, 36, or 48 months of age were re-vaccinated with inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). The 439 subjects who received a bOPV booster immunization at the age of 48 months had lower PV2-specific antibody levels compared with those who received IPV. One dose of IPV during basic polio immunization induced the lowest PV2-specific antibody levels. On the basis of our findings, to ensure that no less than 70% of the vaccinated have protection efficiency, we recommend the following: if basic immunization was conducted with 1IPV + 2bOPV (especially Sabin strain-based IPV), a booster immunization with IPV is recommended at 36 months of age, whereas if basic immunization was conducted with 2IPV + 1bOPV, a booster immunization with IPV is recommended at 48 months of age. A sequential immunization schedule of 2IPV + 1bOPV + 1IPV can not only maintain high levels of antibody against PV1 and PV3 but also increases immunity to PV2 and induces early intestinal mucosal immunity, with relatively good safety. Thus, this may be the best sequential immunization schedule for polio in countries or regions at high risk for polio.

Objective To explore the correlation between the number of people suffering from heat stroke and the main climatic factors in Hainan province. Methods The complete cases of heat stroke were collected from the hospitals located in eight regions (Haikou, Sanya, Danzhou, Wenchang, Wanning, Qiongzhong, Baisha, Dongfang, etc.) in Hainan Province from 2010 to 2019. In the same period, we collected the average temperature and relative humidity recorded by meteorological monitoring points (Haikou, Sanya, Danzhou, Qionghai, Lingshui, Dongfang, Qiongzhong) in Hainan Province from 2010 to 2019 from the National Greenhouse Data System website. A total of 177 patients with heat stroke who met the data collection requirements and the average temperature and relative humidity in Hainan Province were retrospectively analyzed. Results The number of patients with heat stroke in Hainan Province from 2010 to 2019 showed an obvious upward trend compared with previous years, and the number of patients was concentrated in May to July, with the largest number in June. From 2010 to 2019 in Hainan province, there was a significant positive correlation between the number of residents suffering from heat stroke and their monthly mean temperature (r=0.797, P<0.05) and annual mean temperature (r=0.801, P<0.05); there was a significant negative correlation between the number of residents suffering from heat stroke and their monthly mean relative humidity (r=-0.650, P<0.05); there was no significant correlation between the number of residents suffering from heat stroke and their annual mean relative humidity (r=-0.172, P>0.05). Conclusion In recent years, the trend of heat stroke in Hainan Province has been fluctuating and rising, and it has obvious characteristics of "almost all year round; the higher the monthly average temperature is, the lower the monthly average relative humidity is, and the more the number of patients is", we should pay attention to it and do the corresponding protection. As heat stroke usually involves multiple systems of the whole body, its mortality is high and its harm is great, therefore, strengthening meteorological monitoring, strengthening the publicity of heat stroke prevention and control, and guiding residents in Hainan Province to carry out heat acclimatization can prevent or reduce the occurrence of heat stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a national survey among medical students in China to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and explore associated risk factors based on an established questionnaire composed of demographic information, life events in the past four weeks before survey, and the validated Chinese version of the 21-item Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). The mean age of enrolled 9010 students was 20.7 (standard deviation: 1.6) years. BDI scores indicated that 19.9% had depressive symptoms based on the cut-off score of 14. Socioeconomic factors and student characteristics such as male sex, low monthly income per capita, father's poor education background, and higher year of study were associated with higher prevalence of depressive symptoms among medical students. Students who studied in comprehensive universities were more likely to have depressive symptoms compared with those from medical universities. Habitual smoking and alcohol drinking, sleep deprivation, and hospitalization or medication for one week or more in the last four weeks also predisposed students to higher risk of depressive symptoms. Our results indicate that depressive symptoms are becoming a highly prevalent health problem among Chinese medical students. Primary and secondary prevention should be prioritized to tackle this issue based on potential risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A theoretical model of L-shaped plate is established based on the waveguide method. The effect of an included angle between driving force and L-shaped plate on its power flow characteristics is analyzed. Both force and moment are applied to investigate how the moment affects the correlationship between the excitation angle and the system's power flow. The research shows that the in-plane vibrational power flows in the system increase as frequency increases and get close to the power flow of the flexural wave gradually. If the moment applied is very small, the flexural wave in the indirectly excited plate is mainly decided by the transmission of flexural wave from the adjacent plate at low frequencies and reduces with the decrease in the exciting angle of force, yet the high frequency flexural wave is mainly transited from the in-plane wave and increases when the excitation angle decreases. However, if the moment applied is large, all vibrational power flows in the L-shaped plate depend principally on the moment and increase with it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the effective participation of criminal suits' victims in sentence procedure in China.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in mainland China from 2004 to 2018, and to provide data for the key population for prevention and control of mumps., Methods: The epidemiological characteristics of mumps were analyzed with reference to the data of the cases of mumps reported in the National Scientific Data Sharing Platform for Population and Health and Disease Prevention and Control Bureau of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps., Results: A total of 4 272 368 cases of mumps were reported in China during 2004-2018, with an average annual reported incidence rate of 21.44/100 000. A single dose of mumps-containing vaccine was added to the national Expanded Program of Immunization in 2008, but the annual incidence rate ranged from 12.84/100 000 to 35.59/100 000. The second dose of measles, mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine was included in the routine immunization in Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai, and then the average incidence rate of mumps reported in these three regions dropped to about 10/100 000. From 2004 to 2016, the population aged 3-14 years accounted for 81.16% of all patients with mumps. The children aged 6 years had the highest incidence rate of mumps during 2004-2013., Conclusions: A single dose of mumps-containing vaccine has no obvious effect on the incidence rate of mumps. Children aged 6 years have the highest incidence rate of mumps. A booster dose of mumps-containing vaccine should be given to preschool children.

Skin reaction or dermatological toxicities induced by immunotherapy is common. It usually manifests skin rash or erythema and can be cured by skin lotion or steroid. Nivolumab, a human IgG4 programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, blocks T cells activation preventing signal and allows the immune system to clear cancer cells. Nivolumab was approved in the second-line therapy in squamous cell lung cancer by FDA, with less than 10% unusual skin reaction, like sensory neuropathy, peeling skin, erythema multiforme, vitiligo, and psoriasis. Radiotherapy could aggravate this skin reaction through inflammatory response and promotion of immunity. The combined treatment of anti-PD-1 and radiotherapy represented a new promising therapeutic approach in many studies, but the risk of side effects may be high. We reported a patient with advanced squamous cell lung cancer who suffered from serious skin immune-related adverse events when he was treated with nivolumab and radiotherapy. The immune overreaction of the treatment of anti-PD-1 treatment and radiotherapy might cause these serious skin adverse events. Our report warranted careful workup to reduce the risk of side effects by combinative therapy with anti-PD-1 and radiotherapy.

Objective: To discuss X-ray findings and clinical analysis of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), and to compare the use of pulmonary surfactant and mechanical ventilation., Methods: The X-ray findings, clinical characteristics, and therapy analysis of 32 babies with NRDS were studied retrospectively from Jan. 2004 to Dec. 2006. The correlation between X-ray findings and clinical characteristics was analyzed. The advantages of surfactant replacement therapy, compared with mechanical ventilation alone were discussed., Results: According to X-ray findings all babies were divided into Stage I (n=7), Stage II (n=11), Stage III (n=8), Stage IV (n=3), and normal (n=3). Of them, 18 were very low-birth-weight neonates, and 11 were very low-birth-weight neonates. Twenty received surfactant replacement therapy, after the diagnosis of NRDS had been established clinically and radiographically. NRDS had classic chest radiographic findings. There was statistically significant difference between the fetal age or birth weight and the first time X-findings (P<0.05), and difference existed between the use of surfactant and nCPAP alone (P<0.01)., Conclusion: The younger the fetal age and the lower the birth weight, the more likely that the first X-ray findings would be below Stage II. Early surfactant replacement therapy with extubation to nCPAP for infants with NRDS was not only safe and beneficial, but also it significantly reduced both the need for mechanical ventilation and the briefer requirement for respiratory supports.