Search

Objective: To investigate the association between the visceral adiposity index and the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in the US adult population. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018 for ten consecutive years, including 18745 eligible participants. The weighted multivariate logistic model and fitting curve were used to explore the correlation and dose-response relationship between visceral adiposity index (VAI) and diabetes (DM) and prediabetes in the general population and the prevalence of different subgroups. Results: In the fully adjusted continuous model, the risk of diabetes and prediabetes in the general population increased 0.15 times [1.15 (1.10,1.20), p<0.0001] with every increase of 1 unit of VAI. In the fully adjusted classification model, with the lowest quartile array Q1 of VAI as the reference group, Q2 of the second Quantile group, Q3 of the third Quantile group, and Q4 of the Quartile group increased 0.26 times [1.26 (1.10,1.44), p<0.001], 0.65 times [1.65 (1.43,1.89), p<0.0001], 1.60 times [2.60 (2.28,2.97), p<0.0001] respectively with the risk of diabetes and prediabetes. The above results showed that VAI was positively associated with the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes, and the fitted curves showed a non-linear trend. (P for non-linear = 0<0.05). The results of the subgroup population were consistent with the total population and a significant interaction was found in gender (P for interaction<0.0001). Conclusion: In conclusion, we found a non-linear positive association between VAI and the risk of diabetes and prediabetes in the US adult population and found that women have a higher risk of diabetes and prediabetes than men; therefore, we should focus on the female population, and we call for the use of VAI to manage the development of diabetes and prediabetes in the clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In practical applications, due to a long distance between the monitored population and monitoring equipment, the face images or human pose captured by the cameras often incur low-resolution (LR), small size, and poor quality, which leads to extreme difficulty in directly matching an LR face with the high-resolution (HR) ones in the gallery. In this paper, we propose a novel coupled discriminative manifold alignment (CDMA) method for LR face recognition. Specifically, in the training stage the principal component analysis (PCA) is first used to reduce the dimensional gap between LR and HR facial features. Next the LR face images and the corresponding HR face images are converted into a common shared feature subspace by learning two linear mappings in a supervised manner, where the neighborhood samples within the same class and from different classes are jointly exploited to align the manifold structures of LR and HR faces. In the test stage, for a given LR face in the probe set, two learned coupled mappings (CMs) are applied to match the HR images in the gallery set through the correlative metric. Thorough experimental results on three representative face databases verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in comparing with other state-of-the-art competitors. In particular, the proposed method is capable of yielding more competitive recognition performance than other predecessors when lower dimensional feature subspaces are applied to match the expected HR faces. • Two coupled mappings project LR and HR face features into the common feature subspace. • Local discriminative manifolds and the importance of samples are jointly considered. • More discriminative and lower dimensional subspace are learned for LR face recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The MoS2 quantum dots less than 10 nm were in situ prepared in green ILs for the first time. The MoS2 quantum dots can be easily obtained by simple one-step synthesis within the preparation of ILs themselves. The physico-chemical and tribological properties of the acquired the MoS2 QDs in ILs were systematically studied. Compared with pure ILs, the MoS2 QDs in ILs exhibiting long-term dispersion stabilities have superior lubricating properties under harsh conditions. Thin films formed according to the XPS results were attributed to be the main account for the preferable tribological properties of the MoS2 QDs in ILs than pure ILs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A kind of ecofriendly ricinoleic acid based ionic liquid was used as a multifunctional lubricant additive in glycerol solution. Its surface tension, anticorrosion and lubricating properties were investigated. Above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) it remarkably improves the anticorrosion and lubricating abilities of glycerol solution and its optimal concentration is 6%. Moreover, the increasing load from 25 N to 50 N improves the lubricity while high temperature and heavy load conditions are negative for the lubricity. The worn surfaces were analyzed using SEM-EDAX and Raman spectroscope. Meanwhile molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to explore the absorption progress of the additive on iron surface. The lubrication mechanism is attributed to the formation of absorbed layers and tribofilms. Graphical abstract The glycerol aqueous solution formulated with ricinoleic acid based ionic liquid exhibits excellent anticorrosion and lubricating properties. The main mechanism is that the ionic liquid is absorbed preferentially onto metal surface and forms a stable absorbed layer avoiding serious wear and corrosion. Image 1 Highlights • Ecofriendly [cho][ricinoleic] ionic liquid was used as a multifunctional additive in the aqueous glycerol solution. • The ionic liquid exhibits significant anticorrosion and lubricating properties after its concentration exceeds the CMC. • The increasing load from 25 N to 50 N improves the lubricity while high temperature and heavy load conditions are negative for the lubricity. • According to worn surfaces analyses and molecular dynamics simulations, the lubrication mechanism of the studied lubricant is attributed to the formation of the absorbed film and tribofilm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We designed and synthesized cinchona alkaloid derivates PMI-BnCPD, 1 and PMI-dHQD, 2, in which a fluorescent perylene monoimide unit is linked to the quinuclidine fragment. The latter acts as an electron donor, quenching the perylene imide fluorescence in polar solvents. In the organocatalytic application of these compounds, the electron donor is deactivated by binding to an electrophile, e.g. H+. We show that this restores the fluorescence, allowing the compounds to signal the electrophile binding step that occurs in many catalytic reactions. In order to demonstrate that charge transfer is indeed the fluorescence quenching mechanism, we detected the charge separated state by means of transient absorption spectroscopy. Incidentally, the excited state absorption bands of the locally excited and charge transfer states are very similar. The activity of the fluorophore labeled organocatalyst 1 in a fluorogenic Michael addition reaction is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes the web angle connection joint and carries out the relevant theoretical derivation, finds out the design method and the bearing capacity calculation method. The calculation results are verified by simulation results. Finally, the advantages of the web angle connection joint are verified by comparing with the common joint. The results show that the thickness of damage element should not exceed 1.3 t flang in the joint design; Through the analysis of the bearing capacity and energy consumption, it is found that the error between the calculated and simulation results about bearing capacity is within 5%; The development law of the energy consumption of each part is consistent with the theoretical calculation, which reveals the validity of the joint design theory; Through parameter analysis, it is found that under the premise of considering steel damage, the spacing of intermediate bolts will significantly affect the cyclic loading times of joints. In consideration of recoverability, bearing and energy dissipation performance and steel damage, it is recommended that the thickness of flange connecting plate is 1.2t flange , and the spacing between intermediate bolts is 21.5t cov, f. Compared with ordinary earthquake-resilient joints, it is found that the bearing capacity of web angle connection joints can be increased by 50.3%, the energy dissipation capacity can be increased by 35.8%, and it's plastic development of damage elements is more uniform, which is conducive to the replacement after earthquake. The proposed joint in this paper can provide reference for the development of earthquake resilient structures. • First, The damage control theory and design method of high strength steel earthquake-resilient joints are proposed. • Secondly, A method for calculating the bearing capacity of web angle connection joint is proposed, and the validity of the method is verified by the theoretical calculation and the finite element modelling • Thirdly, The joint analysis method considering the damage of flange connecting plate is proposed, and the design suggestions are given aim at joint with and without damage. • Fourth, Excellent load bearing and energy dissipation performance are verified by comparing it with the ordinary earthquake resilient joint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a filter‐based robust model‐free adaptive funnel control for discrete‐time nonlinear systems with measurement noise and jumped reference signal. To suppress the effects of measurement noise on the estimated dynamic linearized model, a robust projection algorithm with filtered output is designed to estimate the pseudo‐partial derivative vector. Based on this estimated model, a novel discrete‐time funnel function‐based switching sliding‐mode surface is proposed to cope with the problem of the jumped reference signal. A time‐varying weighting factor‐based cost function is proposed in the controller design to reduce the control consumption whenever the tracking error exceeds the actual performance funnel, and the time‐varying weighting factor is tuned by a designed event‐triggered mechanism. Furthermore, the performance margin, tolerable uncertainties, and parameter selections have been analyzed in detail. Simulations and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed robust control strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rectangular steel tube concrete bundle wind turbine towers is a new type of tower structure with high prefabrication, convenient installation, convenient transportation and good integrity.Based on the uniaxial tensile test and fatigue loading test of the double cover plate through-core bolted joint, the stress condition of the key connection parts of the structure is analyzed, the S-N curve of the joint under parameter expansion is summarized, and the Weibull distribution test is carried out for the fatigue life of the concrete inside the joint. Finally, the fatigue damage of the joint are analyzed. The results show that the failure mode of the double cover plate through-core bolted joint under fatigue loading is bolt shear; Through S-N curve fitting, the S-N curve expression and fatigue limit value of different types of joints are obtained. It is found that under the shear failure mode, the fatigue limit of different types of joints is higher than the limit value specified in GB50017–2017, EC3 and AISC-360; The fatigue life of concrete at different loading factors conforms to the two parameter Weibull distribution.The damage analysis of the joint through the high cycle fatigue damage model shows that the trend of a sharp increase in the damage rate of the joints in the late loading period can better explain the phenomenon of instantaneous fracture. The research results of this paper can provide reference for the analysis, research and application of wind turbine towers. • First, we propose a structural form of rectangular concrete-filled steel tube bundle wind turbine towers. • Secondly, the experiment and simulation analysis are carried out, and the bearing mechanism and failure characteristics are studied. • Thirdly, the parameter expansion analysis of double cover plate through-core bolted joint is carried out, and S-N curve expression are given for each type of joint. • Fourth, the Weibull distribution test of double cover plate through-core bolted joint is carried out, and the damage analysis of the joints is carried out using the high cycle fatigue damage model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal oxides have emerged as one kind of important supercapacitor electrode materials. Herein, we report hierarchical MnO nanosheets prepared of indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates via a hybrid two-step protocol, including a cathodic electrodeposition technique and a hydrothermal process. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). SEM and TEM images show that the as-synthesized MnO nanosheets are hierarchical and porous, which could increase the active surface and short paths for fast ion diffusion. The results of nitrogen adsorption--desorption analysis indicate that the BET surface area of the MnO nanosheets is 53.031 m g. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties of the MnO are elucidated by cyclic voltammograms (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) tests, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 0.1 M NaSO electrolyte. The electrochemical results demonstrate that the as-grown MnO nanosheet exhibits an excellent specific capacitance of 335 F g at 0.5 A g when it is applied as a potential electrode material for an electrochemical supercapacitor. Additionally, the MnO nanosheet electrode also presents high rate capability and good cycling stability with 91.8% retention after 1000 cycles. These excellent properties indicate that the hierarchical MnO nanosheets are a potential electrode material for electrochemical supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In the test, HDC (High ductility concrete) is used for structural reinforcement. HDC is a special concrete mixed with cement, flyash, sand and Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers in a certain proportion, which has high strength, high damage resistance and excellent crack control ability. • In order to simulate the damage of structure in natural disasters, the original beam was preloaded. • Ultrasonic measurements were carried out on the beam at different stages, and the mechanism of HDC reinforcement layer on the damaged beam was summarized through analysis. • The damage formula and the method for judging the structural defects of reinforced beams are proposed, which provides a method for in-depth analysis of damaged beams. • Through the comparative analysis of reinforced beam and the control beam, the effect of different HDC reinforcement thickness on the damaged original beam is evaluated. In this study, pre-damaged beams were repaired and strengthened using high ductility concrete (HDC), and the extent of damage at different stages of the beam was measured using an ultrasound method. Nine concrete beams were fabricated, one of which was a control beam and the rest were HDC-reinforced beams. The investigated parameter was the thickness of the HDC reinforcement layers, and four thickness values were investigated. Damage equations and thresholds were obtained on the basis of damage mechanics and probabilistic statistical analyses. The results showed that as the thickness of the reinforcement layer increased, the ultimate load-carrying capacity and cracking load of the reinforced beam gradually increased while the residual deformation gradually decreased. Compared with the load-carrying capacity of the test beam in Group A, that of the test beam in Group D increased by 46.3%, the residual deformation reduced by 32.5%, and the cracking load increased by 55.7%. The comparison between beams in Groups A and D was performed in terms of ultimate load-carrying capacity, crack control capacity, and degree of damage. The comparison showed that as the thickness of the reinforcement layer increased, the load-carrying capacity of the structure increased while the degree of damage decreased; however, this behavior was not suitable for the healing of the structural cracks. Therefore, the reinforcement measures and structural damage determination methods proposed in this study are simple and convenient, easy to deploy on a large scale, and valuable to the further development of the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we develop an event‐triggered asynchronous distributed model predictive control (ETADMPC) algorithm with the adaptive prediction horizon for distributed nonlinear systems with weakly dynamics couplings, bounded disturbances, and system constraints. First, we focus on designing a novel adaptive event‐triggered mechanism with Zeno‐free phenomenons in order to reduce computational burdens, whose triggering threshold can adapt to the real‐time changes of the system and make necessary adjustments. Then, a robust time‐varying tightened state constraint is tailored for the optimization problem with respect to distributed model predictive control, and it can provide robustness to external disturbances and system coupling parts. And an adaptive prediction horizon update scheme is deliberately designed to decrease the length of the prediction horizon when the system state is close to the terminal set, reducing the computational complexity in the optimization problem. Furthermore, we strictly prove that under the given sufficient conditions, the proposed ETADMPC algorithm is recursively feasible and the closed‐loop system is stable. Finally, a numerical example is provided to show that our scheme can achieve satisfactory control performances with less calculation and a shorter calculation time than the existing results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple approach for the synthesis of a truly neutral aqueous solution of shortened carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is presented. Upon evaporation of the solvent, the shortened CNTs self-assemble into belt-like macroscopic structures of approximately 3 cm in length. After the annealing process, the macroscopic assembly exhibits a good electrical conductivity of approximately 140 S cm−1. The possible self-assembly process is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: An easy chemically cutting process, modified Hummers' method, was proposed to treat multi-walled carbon nanotubes, successfully cutting pristine long, entangled carbon nanotubes into hydrosoluble pieces, mostly less than 200nm. This short, chemically oxidized carbon nanotube was then applied as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The as-prepared material possessed higher reversible capacity and coulombic efficiency. The intrinsic factors were explored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Three ecofriendly protic ionic liquids (PILs) from sebacic acid, caprylic acid and ricinoleic acid were investigated their anticorrosion and lubrication performances in water-glycol. Based on the analyses of wear scar and QCM-D, the adsorption capacities of the PILs are positively related to their lubrication abilities. Compared with other two PILs, RPR with the stronger adsorption affinity can promote the more significant improvement in the lubricity of water-glycol owing to compact adsorption layer and carbon film. In addition, the results of OCM-D and electrochemical corrosion test are not completely consistent. DSD with weaker adsorption capacity show higher corrosion inhibition property contrasted with CPC, although RPR still outperform DSD and CPC. The abnormal phenomenon is properly explained by quantum chemical calculation. • Three P-free PILs were studied on their corrosion and lubrication properties in WG. • RPR has the best anticorrosion and lubricating properties. • The mechanisms were analyzed by adsorption behavior, DFT calculation and wear track. • The PILs' corrosion and lubrication properties depend on their adsorption abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a high-efficiency electrocatalyst for NH 3 production via NO 2 − reduction, Mo-doped Co 3 O 4 nanoarray exhibits an extremely high Faradaic efficiency of 96.9 % and a corresponding NH 3 yield of up to 651.5 μmol/h cm−2 at −0.5 V. [Display omitted] • Mo-doped Co 3 O 4 nanoarray on titanium mesh is synthesized as an effective catalyst for NO 2 −-to-NH 3 conversion. • Mo-Co 3 O 4 /TM exhibits a high NH 3 Faradaic efficiency of 96.9 % and a related yield of 651.5 μmol h−1 cm−2 with strong stability. • DFT calculations reveal the catalytic mechanism of NO 2 −RR on Mo-Co 3 O 4. • The fabricated Zn-NO 2 − battery achieves a peak power density of 3.6 mW cm−2 and a satisfactory NH 3 yield of 108.4 μmol h−1 cm−2. Electrochemical conversion of nitrite (NO 2 −) contaminant to green ammonia (NH 3) is a promising approach to achieve the nitrogen cycle. The slow kinetics of the complex multi-reaction process remains a serious issue, and there is still a need to design highly effective and selective catalysts. Herein, we report that molybdenum doped cobalt oxide nanoarray on titanium mesh (Mo-Co 3 O 4 /TM) acts as a catalyst to facilitate electroreduction of NO 2 − to NH 3. Such a catalyst delivers an extremely high Faradaic efficiency of 96.9 % and a corresponding NH 3 yield of 651.5 μmol h−1 cm−2 at −0.5 V with strong stability. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the introduction of Mo can induce the redistribution of electrons around Co atoms and further strengthen the adsorption of NO 2 −, which is the key to facilitating the catalytic performance. Furthermore, the assembled battery based on Mo-Co 3 O 4 /TM suggests its practical application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a non-smooth funnel control (NSFC) strategy based on the extended state observer (ESO) for motor-drive servo systems with unknown dynamics. These unknown dynamics, including the modeling error, the external disturbances, and the non-linear friction, are considered as a lumped disturbance. For estimating the unknown states and the lumped disturbance, a non-linear bandwidth extended state observer (NLB-ESO) is developed. The NLB designed using the Gaussian function and the position observation error can deal with the “peaking value problem” caused by the high observer gains. Furthermore, a funnel error surface is proposed based on the non-smooth error transformation (NSET) and incorporated into the dynamic surface control design procedure, where the NSFC can prescribe the position tracking error in a funnel region with small steady-state error and overshoot and short adjustment time. The non-smooth funnel error surface also avoids the singular problem in controller design by selecting the non-smooth parameter. Moreover, the stability of the closed-loop control system with the NLB-ESO is guaranteed by the Lyapunov theory. Comparative simulations and experiments show that the proposed NSFC can prescribe the tracking error in a funnel and ensure better tracking performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A unique gel polymer coating strategy with multiple distinctive functions such as interface amelioration, polysulfide adsorption and redox regulation was proposed for developing advanced Li-S batteries. • A polymer composite membrane with rapid gelation function was introduced on the sulfur cathode. • The novel gel coating design allows for facile ion transport and effective polysulfide entrapment. • The catalysis effect and electric activation deriving from PEOOT:PSS achieve redox regulation. Surface modification on the sulfur cathode by an extra coating design always helps to restrict the polysulfide immigration to the Li anode and offers good accommodation for the cathode volume change, in favor of improving sulfur utilization and cycle stability. This work aims to further develop the coating technology by introducing a unique polymer membrane with rapid gelation function on the top of sulfur cathode. The novel coating strategy combines the advantages of conventional solid coating and gel polymer electrolyte by integrating the two units, allowing for facile ion transport at the interface, flexible surface protection and effective polysulfide immobilization. Also, the catalysis effect and electric activation deriving from the conductive component in the gelled coating, further achieve the redox regulation for sulfur conversion. Finally, these factors make distinct contributions to the overall improvement of Li-S battery performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two prepared ionic liquids (ILs) from N-acyl amino acid and 2-mercatobenzothiazole derivate show anticorrosion properties in the water-glycerol mixture. Their combination yields improvement on the tribological properties. The statistical analyses revealed that the relationship between the mass ratio of both ILs and the friction coefficient follows a specific regression model. We deduced the optimal mass ratio and found that the optimal combination leads to the best friction-reducing and antiwear properties. By SEM-EDS and XPS analyses of the wear traces we further study the interaction of both ILs on the lubricity, and revealed that the lubrication mechanism of both ILs as the hybrid additives in water-glycerol mixture is ascribed to the coadsorbed layer and the hybrid tribofilm involving FeS and FeSO 4. • Two prepared ionic liquids (ILs) show anticorrosion properties in the water-glycerol mixture • The combination of both ILs yields improvement on the antiwear and antifriction properties of water based fluid. • The relationship between the mass rate of both ILs and the friction coefficient follows a specific regression model. • The synergistic lubrication mechanism is ascribed to the coadsorbed layer and the hybrid tribofilm involving FeS and FeSO 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two protic ionic liquids (PILs) were prepared and investigated on the tribological behavior of their different combinations in the glycerol-water mixture. Synergy between both PILs can remarkably enhance its antiwear property. Further, the tribological behavior of the optimal combination was explored considering different factors including concentration, temperature and load. All the concentrations demonstrate promising antiwear properties, though a 0.5% dose moderately outperforms other doses. The increase of temperature and load is favorable for the lubricating ability. Based on worn surface analyses and molecular dynamic simulations, the synergistic mechanism between both PILs as lubricant additives is ascribed to the coexistence of the mixed adsorption layers and the tribofilms containing sp2 bonded carbon, FeS and orthophosphate. • Synergy between two protic ionic liquids (PILs) can improve the antiwear property of glycerol solution. • The synergistic lubrication mechanism between both PILs is attributed to the formation of the mixed adsorption films and the tribo-films containing sp2 bonded carbon, FeS and orthophosphate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• MiR-8078 expression levels are significantly higher in patients with moderate to severe CHD-PAH. • MiR-8078 has both predictive and diagnostic value for CHD-PAH. • MiR-8078 is an independent risk factor for CHD-PAH. • MiR-8078 may participate in the pathogenesis of CHD-PAH by affecting the PASMC proliferation. • The combination of miR-8078 and BNP for the diagnosis of CHD-PAH has higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. This study aimed to analyze the plasma levels of miR-8078 in patients with congenital heart disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (CHD-PAH) and to explore the diagnostic value and potential mechanisms of miR-8078 in CHD-PAH. Plasma samples were collected from 110 patients with congenital heart disease. Subsequently, based on the mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAPm) measured via right heart catheterization, the patients were divided into three groups: no-PAH group (Group W, PAPm < 25 mmHg), mild group (Group M, 25 mmHg ≤ PAPm < 35 mmHg), and moderate-to-severe group (Group H, PAPm ≥ 35 mmHg). The study also involved a control group (Group C) comprised of 40 healthy individuals. The miR-8078 expression levels were determined by means of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The target genes and biological functions of miR-8078 were predicted using TargetScan, PicTar, and miRDB software. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between miR-8078 and hemodynamic parameters in CHD-PAH, in addition to its diagnostic value. The plasma miR-8078 expression levels were significantly higher in the moderate-to-severe group when compared with the control group, no-PAH group, and mild group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the mild group and no-PAH group showed significantly higher miR-8078 expression levels when compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Both results were consistent with the high-throughput sequencing results. KEGG pathway analysis of the miR-8078 target genes revealed associations with morphine addiction, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and parathyroid hormone synthesis and secretion. GO enrichment analysis indicated the involvement of miR-8078 in the regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II, the positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade, the transmembrane transport of CI- and K+ ions, chromatin organization, and atrioventricular valve morphogenesis. Correlation analysis showed that the miR-8078 expression levels were positively correlated with the pulmonary artery systolic pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, and pulmonary vascular resistance (correlation coefficients of 0.404, 0.397, and 0.283, respectively; all p < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses revealed plasma miR-8078 (odds ratio: 1.475, 95 % confidence interval: 1.053–2.065, p < 0.05) to be an independent risk factor for CHD-PAH. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) for miR-8078 alone and for B-type natriuretic peptide alone in diagnosing CHD-PAH was 0.686 and 0.851, respectively, while the AUC for a combined diagnosis was 0.874, which was higher than that associated with the individual diagnoses (p < 0.05). The findings of this study suggest that miR-8078 is upregulated in CHD-PAH, while the results of the bioinformatics analysis indicate its involvement in the pathogenesis of CHD-PAH, suggesting it to be a potential therapeutic target or biomarker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two choline-based ionic liquids (ILs) were used as lubricant additives in the aqueous glycerol solution, and the tribological properties of their different combinations were investigated. They exhibit remarkable synergistic effects on the antiwear and friction-reducing abilities. The combinations of both ILs more significantly improve the lubricity of the glycerol solution compared with the independent additives. In addition, the tribological behavior of the optimal combination was explored under different temperature and load conditions. The lubricating property of the optimal additive formulation is weakened with the increase of temperature, but enhanced with the increase of load. The worn surfaces were analyzed using SEM-EDAX and XPS. Meanwhile, Monte Carlo simulations were performed to study the adsorption behavior of the additives on iron surface in the presence of water. Remarkable synergistic lubricating interactions between the ILs are ascribed to the formation of compact and stable boundary films composed of mixed adsorbed layers and complex tribofilms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical nitrite (NO2−) reduction reaction (NO2−RR) presents a sustainable approach for the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia (NH3), concurrently facilitating the removal of NO2− contaminants. Developing NO2−RR electrocatalysts with high NH3 selectivity and satisfactory NH3 yield poses a significant challenge. Herein, we present Fe nanoparticles decorated pinewood‐derived carbon (Fe/PC) as a highly proficient electrocatalyst for the conversion of NO2− to NH3. The well‐designed Fe/PC electrocatalyst achieves an impressive NH3 yield of 21924.6 μg h−1 cm−2 and a high Faradic efficiency of 91.5 % under ambient conditions. Notably, the Fe/PC catalyst exhibits robust stability in both prolonged electrolysis and cyclic electrolysis assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seawater electrolysis is an attractive way of making H2 in coastal areas, and NiFe‐based materials are among the top options for alkaline seawater oxidation (ASO). However, ample Cl− in seawater can severely corrode catalytic sites and lead to limited lifespans. Herein, we report that in situ carbon oxyanion self‐transformation (COST) from oxalate to carbonate on a monolithic NiFe oxalate micropillar electrode allows safeguard of high‐valence metal reaction sites in ASO. In situ/ex situ studies show that spontaneous, timely, and appropriate COST safeguards active sites against Cl− attack during ASO even at an ampere‐level current density (j). Our NiFe catalyst shows efficient and stable ASO performance, which requires an overpotential as low as 349 mV to attain a j of 1 A cm−2. Moreover, the NiFe catalyst with protective surface CO32− exhibits a slight activity degradation after 600 h of electrolysis under 1 A cm−2 in alkaline seawater. This work reports effective catalyst surface design concepts at the level of oxyanion self‐transformation, acting as a momentous step toward defending active sites in seawater‐to‐H2 conversion systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seawater electrolysis is an attractive way of making H2 in coastal areas, and NiFe‐based materials are among the top options for alkaline seawater oxidation (ASO). However, ample Cl− in seawater can severely corrode catalytic sites and lead to limited lifespans. Herein, we report that in situ carbon oxyanion self‐transformation (COST) from oxalate to carbonate on a monolithic NiFe oxalate micropillar electrode allows safeguard of high‐valence metal reaction sites in ASO. In situ/ex situ studies show that spontaneous, timely, and appropriate COST safeguards active sites against Cl− attack during ASO even at an ampere‐level current density (j). Our NiFe catalyst shows efficient and stable ASO performance, which requires an overpotential as low as 349 mV to attain a j of 1 A cm−2. Moreover, the NiFe catalyst with protective surface CO32− exhibits a slight activity degradation after 600 h of electrolysis under 1 A cm−2 in alkaline seawater. This work reports effective catalyst surface design concepts at the level of oxyanion self‐transformation, acting as a momentous step toward defending active sites in seawater‐to‐H2 conversion systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial ammonia production mainly relies on the conventional Haber–Bosch process accompanied by high energy consumption and plentiful carbon dioxide emissions, which triggered the recent interest to explore more energy‐efficient and environmentally benign alternatives. Very recently, electrochemical nitrite reduction in an aqueous medium promises new opportunities for advanced, energy‐efficient, and sustainable ammonia production at ambient conditions. The ammonia formation rate and Faradic efficiency are strongly associated with the adopted electrocatalysts; therefore, striving for high‐efficient electrocatalysts is the key to sustainable ammonia production via the electrochemical nitrite reduction reaction. Herein, a critical overview of recent advances in electrochemical nitrite reduction reaction to ammonia is presented, highlighting the latest innovative heterogenous electrocatalysts including noble metal catalysts, transition‐metal‐based catalysts, and their compounds. Meanwhile, the possible reaction pathway of nitrite electroreduction to ammonia, ammonia detection, and catalytic activity descriptor are briefly summarized. Finally, the perspective and research challenges of electrocatalysts that convert nitrite to ammonia are outlined, increasing their contributions in the route of realizing a neutral carbon footprint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical nitrate (NO3−) reduction is a sustainable pathway for ambient ammonia (NH3) synthesis while eliminating NO3− pollutants in water. However, the NO3− reduction reaction (NO3−RR) involves a complicated eight-electron transfer process, which needs highly selective and efficient electrocatalysts. This work describes the synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticle-decorated 3D pinewood-derived carbon (Fe3O4/PC) as a high-efficiency catalyst for the electroreduction of NO3− to NH3 at ambient reaction conditions. When tested in 0.1 M NaOH containing 0.1 M NO3−, the Fe3O4/PC obtains a large NH3 yield of 394.8 μmol h−1 cm−2 and high faradaic efficiency (FE) of 91.6% at −0.4 V. Significantly, Fe3O4/PC also delivers high stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review presents the latest and representative seawater electrolysis systems at both fundamental research and pilot-scale reactor levels. Experimental details including seawater treatment, product detection, electrode assembly, reactors, electrolyte feeding modes, etc. are emphasized. We systematically analyze truly useful strategies/materials designs as well as whether the electrodes are genuinely stable as two main quests to find out truly nice electrode engineering. Gas release behaviors/kinetics at high reaction rates are highlighted. We conclude by taking a look at research directions/opportunities for encouraging practical applications of seawater electrolysis systems/technologies. [Display omitted] • Latest/representative lab-/pilot-scale seawater electrolysis works are summarized. • Vital details overlooked in earlier reviews are stressed like seawater treatments. • Strategies like local reaction micro-environment engineering are distinguished. • Ideas on research like electrolyzer design and gas release are discussed. • Suggested research protocols, critical insights and future perspectives are offered. H 2 has a sufficiently high energy density and a combustion process that emits no carbon, therefore being an appealing storable alternative to fossil fuels. With evident advantages of seawater resources available worldwide, electrochemically making H 2 from seawater holds a great development prospect towards the global deployment of H 2 -based energy plants. However, with current water splitting technologies, this is not an easy task, and the primary obstacle is impurities in natural seawater including halide salts, magnesium salts, organic matter, etc. , which readily cause the electrocatalysis systems to shut down. We herein present a timely review of seawater electrolysis systems at both lab-scale fundamental research and pilot-scale reactor level on the basis of most representative studies. We analyze some of the crucial experimental details that are frequently ignored, such as seawater treatments, product detection, electrode assembly, reactors, electrolyte feeding modes, etc. We then systematically emphasize the latest and representative strategies and catalytic materials designs as well as whether corresponding electrodes are genuinely stable as two key quests to find out truly reliable and exploitable electrode engineering. Gas release behaviors/kinetics at high reaction rates are highlighted as well. In addition, we introduce valuable contents like how to learn from ocean life for electrocatalytic system design. We conclude by taking a look at the future research directions and opportunities for encouraging more practical applications of seawater electrolysis systems/technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing earth-abundant non-noble electrocatalysts with high performance is significant but challenging for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in seawater. Herein, a hierarchical electrocatalyst, NiFe-layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheet anchored CoS2 nanowires supported on carbon cloth, is developed for efficient OER electrocatalysis in alkaline seawater, demanding a low overpotential of 256 mV to drive a current density of 100 mA cm−2, along with favorable catalytic durability for at least 48 h with negligible decay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a brush-like Cu2O–CoO core–shell nanoarray on copper foam (Cu2O–CoO/CF) can achieve efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance in alkaline seawater electrolyte. This Cu2O–CoO/CF shows overpotentials as low as 315 and 295 mV at 100 mA cm−2 for the OER and HER, respectively. Moreover, it could also be operated at 1.82 V with 100 mA cm−2 in a two-electrode electrolyzer and exhibits strong stability for at least 50 hours of electrolysis. The excellent performance and hierarchical structure advantages of Cu2O–CoO/CF provide new ideas for designing efficient seawater splitting electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of chlorine species in seawater can cause severe anode corrosion, highlighting the critical need for the design of efficient and robust electrocatalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for hydrogen production. Herein, we present a chromium doped cobalt carbonate hydroxide nanowire array on nickel foam (Cr-CoCH/NF) as an effective OER electrocatalyst in seawater. In alkaline conditions, Cr-CoCH/NF exhibits a low overpotential of 450 mV to achieve 500 mA cm−2, surpassing that of CoCH/NF (614 mV). Additionally, it demonstrates 200 h of continuous oxygen evolution testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seawater electrolysis has great potential to generate clean hydrogen energy, but it is a formidable challenge. In this study, we report CoFe-LDH nanosheet uniformly decorated on a CuO nanowire array on Cu foam (CuO@CoFe-LDH/CF) for seawater oxidation. Such CuO@CoFe-LDH/CF exhibits high oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalytic activity, demanding only an overpotential of 336 mV to generate a current density of 100 mA cm−2 in alkaline seawater. Moreover, it can operate continuously for at least 50 h without obvious activity attenuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NiS 2 nanoparticles-decorated TiO 2 nanoribbon array on titanium mesh enables efficient NH 3 synthesis via electrochemical NO 2 − reduction under ambient conditions, achieving a remarkable NH 3 yield of 591.9 μmol h−1 cm−2 at −0.6 V and a high Faradaic efficiency of 92.1% at −0.5 V in 0.1 M NaOH with 0.1 M NO 2 − solution. [Display omitted] Nitrite (NO 2 −), as a N -containing pollutant, widely exists in aqueous solution, causing a series of environmental and health problems. Electrocatalytic NO 2 − reduction is a promising and sustainable strategy to remove NO 2 −, meanwhile, producing high value-added ammonia (NH 3). But the NO 2 − reduction reaction (NO 2 −RR) involves complex 6-electron transfer process that requires high-efficiency electrocatalysts to accomplish NO 2 −-to-NH 3 conversion. Herein, we report NiS 2 nanoparticles decorated TiO 2 nanoribbon array on titanium mesh (NiS 2 @TiO 2 /TM) as a fantastic NO 2 −RR electrocatalyst for ambient NH 3 synthesis. When tested in NO 2 −-containing solution, NiS 2 @TiO 2 /TM achieves a satisfactory NH 3 yield of 591.9 µmol h−1 cm−2 and a high Faradaic efficiency of 92.1 %. Besides, it shows remarkable stability during 12-h electrolysis test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seawater electrolysis is considered an attractive alternative to conventional freshwater electrolysis for hydrogen production due to the abundance of seawater in nature. For this reason, efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline seawater are highly desired. In this study, we report an amorphous Co−P alloy on nickel foam (Co−P/NF) that behaves as an efficient and stable HER electrocatalyst for alkaline seawater electrolysis. The Co−P/NF presents high catalytic performance for HER, requiring a low overpotential of 213 mV to drive a current density of 100 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 120.2 mV dec−1 in alkaline seawater. Furthermore, it shows remarkable electrochemical and structural stability in alkaline seawater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical nitrite (NO2−) reduction is a potential and sustainable route to produce high-value ammonia (NH3), but it requires highly active electrocatalysts. Herein, Cu nanoparticles anchored on a TiO2 nanobelt array on a titanium plate (Cu@TiO2/TP) are reported as a high-efficiency electrocatalyst for NO2−-to-NH3 conversion. The designed Cu@TiO2/TP catalyst exhibits outstanding catalytic performance toward the NO2−RR, with a high NH3 yield of 760.5 μmol h−1 cm−2 (237.7 μmol h−1 mgcat.−1) and an excellent faradaic efficiency of 95.3% in neutral solution. Meanwhile, it also presents strong electrochemical stability during cyclic tests and long-term electrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co 3 O 4 @TiO 2 /TP acts as an efficient electrocatalyst toward converting NO 3 – to NH 3 at ambient conditions, achieving a high Faradaic efficiency of 93.1% at –0.7 V and a large NH 3 yield of up to 875 μmol/h cm−2 at –0.9 V. [Display omitted] Electrochemical nitrate (NO 3 −) reduction reaction (NO 3 RR) possesses two-pronged properties for sustainable ammonia (NH 3) synthesis and mitigating NO 3 − contamination in water. However, the sluggish kinetics for the direct eight-electron NO 3 −-to-NH 3 conversion makes a formidable challenge to develop efficient electrocatalysts. Herein, we report a heterostructure of Co 3 O 4 nanosheets decorated TiO 2 nanobelt array on titanium plate (Co 3 O 4 @TiO 2 /TP) as an efficient NO 3 RR electrocatalyst. Both experimental and density theory calculations reveal that the heterostructure of Co 3 O 4 @TiO 2 establishes a built-in electric field which can optimize the electron migration kinetics, as well as facilitate the adsorption and fixation of NO 3 − on the electrode surface, ensuring the selectivity to NH 3. As expected, the designed Co 3 O 4 @TiO 2 /TP exhibits a remarkable Faradaic efficiency of 93.1 % and a remarkable NH 3 yield as high as 875 μmol h−1 cm−2, superior to Co 3 O 4 /TP and TiO 2 /TP. Significantly, it also demonstrates strong electrochemical durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co 3 O 4 @TiO 2 /TP acts as an efficient electrocatalyst toward converting NO 3 – to NH 3 at ambient conditions, achieving a high Faradaic efficiency of 93.1% at –0.7 V and a large NH 3 yield of up to 875 μmol/h cm−2 at –0.9 V. [Display omitted] Electrochemical nitrate (NO 3 −) reduction reaction (NO 3 RR) possesses two-pronged properties for sustainable ammonia (NH 3) synthesis and mitigating NO 3 − contamination in water. However, the sluggish kinetics for the direct eight-electron NO 3 −-to-NH 3 conversion makes a formidable challenge to develop efficient electrocatalysts. Herein, we report a heterostructure of Co 3 O 4 nanosheets decorated TiO 2 nanobelt array on titanium plate (Co 3 O 4 @TiO 2 /TP) as an efficient NO 3 RR electrocatalyst. Both experimental and density theory calculations reveal that the heterostructure of Co 3 O 4 @TiO 2 establishes a built-in electric field which can optimize the electron migration kinetics, as well as facilitate the adsorption and fixation of NO 3 − on the electrode surface, ensuring the selectivity to NH 3. As expected, the designed Co 3 O 4 @TiO 2 /TP exhibits a remarkable Faradaic efficiency of 93.1 % and a remarkable NH 3 yield as high as 875 μmol h−1 cm−2, superior to Co 3 O 4 /TP and TiO 2 /TP. Significantly, it also demonstrates strong electrochemical durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocatalytic nitrate (NO3−) reduction provides us a dual-function strategy for N-contaminant removal and value-added ammonia (NH3) synthesis. However, there is still a lack of efficient electrocatalysts for selective NO3− reduction. Herein, we report the development of Co/N-doped carbon nanospheres derived from an adenine-based metal organic framework (Co@NC) as an attractive electrocatalyst for efficient NH3 synthesis through the reduction of NO3−. Such Co@NC manifests a notable faradaic efficiency of 96.5% and a high NH3 yield of up to 758.0 μmol h−1 mgcat.−1 in 0.1 M NO3−-containing 0.1 M NaOH. Moreover, it also demonstrates strong electrochemical stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of efficient electrochemical seawater splitting catalysts for large-scale hydrogen production is of great importance. In this work, we report an amorphous Co-Mo-B film on Ni foam (Co-Mo-B/NF) via a facile one-step electrodeposition process. Such amorphous Co-Mo-B/NF possesses superior activity with a small overpotential of 199 mV at 100 mA cm−2 for a hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline seawater. Notably, Co-Mo-B/NF also maintains excellent stability for at least 24 h under alkaline seawater electrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium alloys fabricated by laser directed energy deposition (LDED) are usually subjected to sub-critical annealing to improve mechanical properties. This work mainly investigated the texture evolution of LDEDed Ti–6Al–2Zr–1Mo–1V alloy during sub-critical annealing and its effect on the anisotropy of yield strength. Results indicated that <0001> of α phase in the as-deposited sample exhibited two types of circle-shaped texture, which were perpendicular to the deposition direction (VD) and 45° away from VD, respectively. The intensities of these two types of texture were approximately equal because the α texture in the as-deposited sample were transformed from the strong <001> β //VD fiber texture following Burgers orientation relationship with weak variant selection. During sub-critical annealing, the formation of primary α phase, which tended to be transformed from the {110} β parallel to VD, led to the intensity of circle-shaped texture perpendicular to VD greater than that 45° away from VD. The calculation results suggested that all basal and prismatic slip systems of some α variants transformed from the {110} β parallel to VD were in hardly-activated orientation with Schmid factor (m) equal to zero for loading along the horizontal direction (HD), the slip systems of some α variants transformed from the {110} β 45° to VD were in hardly-activated orientation with m = 0 for loading along 45° direction (OD), while the systems of all α variants were in easily-activated orientation with high Schmid factors for loading along VD. After sub-critical annealing, the content of α phase in hardly-activated orientation increased for loading along HD but decreased for loading along OD, resulting in a smaller difference of yield strength between OD and VD or HD. • LDEDed Ti–6Al–2Zr–1Mo–1V alloy exhibited two types of circle-shaped <0001> α texture. • The relative content of the two types of texture was the key factor to affect the anisotropic yield strength. • The activation for slip systems of all possible α variants was analyzed. • Sub-critical annealing reduced the anisotropy of yield strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical nitrate (NO3−) reduction is an appealing approach to remove NO3− contaminants and simultaneously convert them into high value-added ammonia (NH3), but it requires highly active catalysts with high selectivity. Herein, Fe doping is proposed as an effective strategy to greatly enhance the electrocatalytic NO3−-to-NH3 conversion over a TiO2 nanoribbon array supported on a Ti plate. Such an Fe–TiO2/TP catalyst achieves a large NH3 yield of up to 940.17 μmol h−1 cm−2 and a high NH3 faradaic efficiency of 95.93% under alkaline conditions, superior to those of its undoped TiO2/TP counterpart (57.47 μmol cm−2 h−1, 35.77%). Moreover, it also shows excellent electrochemical and structural stability. Theoretical calculations reveal that Fe doping can dramatically improve the electronic conductivity of TiO2 and optimize the adsorption of reactive species on its surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical synthesis of H2O2via a two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) has emerged as a promising alternative to the anthraquinone process. However, the strong competition from the 4e− pathway severely limits its activity and selectivity, especially for Pt-based catalysts. Herein, ultrathin single-crystal PtSe2 nanosheets were successfully prepared via an in situ selenization process using commercial Pt/C as a precursor, demonstrating an exclusive 2e− ORR pathway compared to the 4e− pathway of commercial Pt/C, delivering a high H2O2 selectivity over a wide pH range (>80%, up to 94.1%). Furthermore, in situ infrared spectroscopy results revealed Pt as an active center, accompanied by the key intermediate OOH* adsorption and HOOH formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing an accurate, cost-effective, reliable, and stable glucose detection sensor for the food industry poses a significant yet challenging endeavor. Herein, we present a silver nanoparticle-decorated titanium dioxide nanoribbon array on titanium plate (Ag@TiO 2 /TP) as an efficient electrode for non-enzymatic glucose detection in alkaline environments. Electrochemical evaluations of the Ag@TiO 2 /TP electrode reveal a broad linear response range (0.001 mM - 4 mM), high sensitivity (19,106 and 4264 μA mM−1 cm−2), rapid response time (6 s), and a notably low detection limit (0.18 μM, S/N = 3). Moreover, its efficacy in measuring glucose in beverage samples shows its practical applicability. The impressive performance and structural benefits of the Ag@TiO 2 /TP electrode highlight its potential in advancing electrochemical sensors for small molecule detection. Ag nanoparticle-decorated TiO 2 nanoribbon array on Ti plate serves as a highly efficient electrode for electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose detection in alkaline environments, achieving a broad linear response range, exceptional sensitivity, quick response time, a remarkably low detection limit, strong anti-interference capabilities, and long-term stability. [Display omitted] • Ag@TiO 2 /TP is proposed as a highly efficient electrode for the non-enzymatic glucose detection in alkaline environments. • It achieves a broad linear response range (0.001 mM - 4 mM), rapid response time (6 s), and a notably detection limit (0.18 μM). • It is feasible and accurate for glucose detection in beverage sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat treatment is necessary for GW63K (Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.5Zr, wt%) alloy fabricated by wire are additive manufacturing (WAAM) to improve the mechanical properties before final applications. Considering the unique solidification process and microstructure of WAAMed GW63K alloys, the heat treatment parameters must be different from the cast or forged ones. Thus, the present paper investigated the influence of solution temperature and time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of WAAMed GW63K, as well as the aging temperature and time. It was found that the as-deposited alloy exhibited fine equiaxed α-Mg grains with an average size of 13 μm and few eutectic phase Mg 24 (Gd, Y) 5 around the grains. The proper temperature of solution treatment was 480℃ and the proper time was 0.5 h, lower and shorter than cast ones. After solution treatment, the average size of α-Mg grains almost remained the same and nearly all of the eutectic phase dissolved. To exert precipitation strengthening to a larger extent, we conduct aging treatment at 175°C, 200°C, and 225°C and draw their age-hardening curves. Besides, a superior strength /ductility trade-off was obtained peak aging at 200°C for 80 h, with the ultimate tensile strength of 337±8 MPa, yielding strength of 231±2 MPa, and elongation of 8.9±1.0%. This outstanding strength can be accounted for by the refinement strengthening of fine microstructure inherited from as-deposited GW63K alloy and precipitation strengthening from dense β′ precipitates with a remarkable plate aspect ratio. Besides, suitable β′ precipitates could support a favorable work hardening effect and compatible deformation capability. • The Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy with low rare earth content fabricated by WAAM has obtained fine microstructure. • The refinement of microstructure would be retained under an optimal solution treatment (480°C×0.5 h). • A superior strength /ductility trade-off with UTS of 337±8 MPa, YS of 231±2 MPa and EL of 8.9±2.0% was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a real robot system, it is not easy to use the deep neural networks to approximate the unknown nonlinear dynamics online due to limited computing resources, meanwhile the saturation of the motor also makes it difficult for the system to achieve the desired control effect. In this paper, a method combining spectral normalized deep neural networks and prescribed performance controller with saturated indicator is proposed to solve the problems of insufficient computing resources and input saturation in practical robot system control. Firstly, a low computational cost offline learning spectral normalized deep neural network with rectified linear unit activation is applied in nonlinear dynamics identification to reduce the learning computation burden. The unknown nonlinear dynamics of the robot system including Coriolis force and friction dynamics can be approximated well with good generalization ability by spectral normalized deep neural networks, and the boundedness of the approximation error can be guaranteed by the Lipschitz constraint. Subsequently, a prescribed performance controller with a saturation indicator is also introduced to improve the transient performance of the robot system and eliminate the influence of input saturation. Besides, the closed-loop stability is also proved via the Lyapunov approach. The simulation and experiment results show that the proposed method can achieve good tracking performance and better generalization capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adding new lines on the basis of the existing public transport network is an important way to improve public transport operation networks and the quality of urban public transport service. Aiming at the problem that existing routes are rarely considered in the previous research on public transportation network planning, a public transportation network optimization method based on an ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm coupled with the existing routes is proposed. First, the actual road network and existing bus lines were abstracted with a graph data structure, and the integration with origin–destination passenger flow data was completed. Second, according to the ACO algorithm, combined with the existing line structure constraints and ant transfer rules at adjacent nodes, new bus-line planning was realized. Finally, according to the change of direct passenger flow in the entire network, the optimal bus-line network optimization scheme was determined. In the process of node transfer calculation, the algorithm adopts the Softmax strategy to realize path diversity and increase the path search range, while avoiding premature convergence and falling into local optimization. Moreover, the elite ant strategy increases the pheromone release on the current optimal path and accelerates the convergence of the algorithm. Based on existing road network and bus lines, the algorithm carries out new line planning, which increases the rationality and practical feasibility of the new bus-line structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endocytosis and phagocytosis are important physiologic activities occurring during ameloblast differentiation. We have previously found that excess fluoride inhibited ameloblasts endocytotic functions. Here, we hypothesized that increasing amounts of fluoride may affect ameloblast phagocytotic function during their differentiation. Using cell culture, we first induced maturation of the mouse ameloblast-like LS8 cells by treatment with exogenous retinoic acid (RA) and dexamethasone (DEX). We measured their phagocytotic activity by fluorescent microscopy using a live cell visualization station. We found that ameloblast-like LS8 cells matured with RA/DEX treatment and the increasing amounts of fluoride demonstrated the up-regulated expression of the phagocytotic marker proteins, LAMP1 and CD68. A connection between phagocytosis and apoptosis was confirmed by the increased number of phagocytotic vacuole-like structures and the heterochromatin margination phenomenon observed in the RA/DEX with NaF treatment group. The increase in albumin uptake by ameloblasts was confirmed using whole organ culture of incisor tooth germs. Here, in fluoride treated tooth germs, mature canonical ameloblasts showed greater amounts of albumin uptake, which was accompanied by decreased expression of the anti-apoptosis marker, Bcl-2 along with up-regulated expression of CD68. From these observations, we inferred that high doses of fluoride may cause apoptosis by increasing the phagocytosis of protein particles in mature-stage ameloblasts and loss of Bcl-2 signals might be involved in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]