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Computational intelligence technologies have been extensively applied for the interpretation of remote sensing imagery. Recently, the computational-intelligence-based Transformer change detection (CD) approach has attracted increasing attention. However, the current Transformer-based CD method can better capture global features, but there is no good solution for the loss of local detail information. For this reason, introducing semantic and frequency information from the perspective of a dual-domain can be beneficial for improving the representation of detailed features to improve CD performance. To overcome this limitation, a dual-domain Transformer (D2Former) is proposed for CD. Firstly, we adopt a semantic tokenizer to capture the semantic information, which promotes the enrichment and refinement of semantic change information in the Transformer. Secondly, a frequency tokenizer is introduced to acquire the frequency information of the features, which offers the proposed D2Former another aspect and dimension to enhance the ability to detect change information. Therefore, the proposed D2Former employs dual-domain tokenizers to acquire and fuse the feature representation with rich semantic and frequency information, which can refine the features to acquire more fine-grained CD ability. Extensive experiments on three CD benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed D2Former obviously outperforms some other existing approaches. The results present the competitive performance of our method on the WHU-CD, LEVIR-CD, and GZ-CD datasets, for which it achieved F1-Score metrics of 92.85%, 90.60%, and 87.02%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a representative sample of consumer financial transaction data, this paper studies the consumption and savings response to a 2015 permanent increase in the marginal income tax of the high-income taxpayers. Using difference-in-differences regressions, controlling for individual and time fixed effects, we show robust results that the affected consumers experienced little change in their spending. The pattern is prevalent across consumer demographics and is found even among consumers who are sophisticated, have high levels of debt, or register little income changes. Furthermore, the tax increase financed fiscal redistribution leads to a long-lasting increase in the consumption of the lower-income population. This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance. Funding: The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Social Science Research Thematic Grant in Singapore [Future-Proofing Singapore: An Economic Approach MOE2019-SSRTG-024]. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4823. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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