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ObjectiveTo observe the effects of muscle energy technology (MET) combined with conventional rehabilitation trerapy on patients with chronic non-specific neck pain (CNSNP).MethodsA total of 54 patients with CNSNP in the outpatient department of rehabilitation medical center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University from May 2022 to March 2023 were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 27 cases in each group. During the course of treatment, three cases withdrew from the study due to poor compliance, including two cases in the control group and one case in the observation group. Finally 25 and 26 cases were included in the control group and the observation group, respectively. The control group received conventional rehabilitation trerapy (physical modality therapy and exercise training) combined with stretching training. Physical modality therapy mainly included magnetothermal therapy and medium frequency pulsed electrotherapy, with a duration of 20 minutes a time for each treatment, once a day, continuous treatment, and three times a week; exercise training included isometric contraction training and deep neck flexor muscle group training, with three times a day, continuous treatment, and three times a week; stretching training were performed once a day, continuous treatment, and three times a week. The observation group received MET therapy in addition to the conventional rehabilitation therapy in the control group. The therapist stretched the target muscle to the position where pain was triggered or the resistance point of soft tissue could be felt, fixed the starting and ending points of the muscle with both hands, applied moderate resistance, and allowed the patient's target muscle to perform isometric contraction (an intensity of 20% of the maximum force) and relax after 10 seconds, and then continued to stretch the target muscle and reached the position of the next resistance point, taking the resistance point as the starting position, repeated the procedure 3 to 5 times, once a day, three times a week, lasting for one week. Before treatment and one week after treatment, visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess the pain level; neck disability index (NDI) was used to evaluate cervical spine dysfunction; Yasuhisa Tanaka cervical spondylotic radiculopathy 20 (CSR20) was used to evaluate cervical spine function; "Clinical practice guideline for physical therapy assessment and treatment in patients with nonspecific neck pain" were used to evaluate the clinical efficacy; the adverse reaction such as aggravation of neck pain, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, increased heart rate, etc. that occurred during treatment were observed.ResultsCompared with that before treatment, VAS scores and NDI index decreased significantly of both groups after treatment (PPPP

Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and the rice moth (RM), Corycyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) are economically significant insect pests that threaten the agricultural products worldwide. Trichogramma parasitoids are successfully mass-reared using artificial host eggs, RM, and are often managed by economically important lepidopterous pests, such as ACB in China. Trichogramma ostriniae Pang and Chen (To) and T. dendrolimi Matsumura (Td) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) are two important parasitoids of ACB. To determine the influence of interspecific competition between To and Td on their offspring’s emergence. We determine the emergence of wasp progeny from two distinct hosts (ACB and RM eggs) of varying densities (10, 20, 30, and 100) by examining the effect of three distinct oviposition sequences (To-Td, Td-To, and To+Td) by two Trichogramma species. We discovered that the progeny emergence rate of To and Td from the host was substantially influenced by the parasitoid types, host types, oviposition sequences, and host densities, and their two-, three-, and four-factor interactions while investigating the ACB and RM eggs after oviposition. Additionally, the progeny of Td emerged from 10, 20, and 30 ACB host eggs under three oviposition sequences, which was significantly higher than that of ACB eggs of 100 densities. Nevertheless, the optimum emergence rate of Td progeny was also observed in ACB eggs with a density of 100 under all oviposition sequences. The most suitable oviposition sequences for both wasp species are To-Td and Td-To, as they have the highest rate of progeny emergence. The progeny emergence of both Trichogramma species from RM eggs of varying densities was observed to be significantly different. Nevertheless, the most influential density is 100 RM eggs, as a result of the maximal emergence rate of To and Td. Overall, it is concluded that host eggs with a density of 100 are adequate to meet the oviposition requirements of both wasps in all oviposition orders, thereby limiting their interspecific competition. These findings provide insights into optimizing host density and oviposition strategies for mass-rearing Trichogramma species, which can enhance their efficacy in biological control programs. Future research should explore field-level applications to validate these laboratory findings under natural conditions.

Thickness-dependent dielectric nonlinear properties of 0.78Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–0.2SrTiO3–0.02BaTiO3 thin films in a thickness range of 0.62–1.62 μm were investigated in this work. It was demonstrated that the dielectric properties decreased with the decrease in thickness due to the substrate clamping inducing the degeneration of intrinsic contribution and the reduced domain wall mobility. A low DC electric field promoted domain switching and reversible domain wall motion. The domain mobility was suppressed by a high DC electric field, which resulted in reduced dielectric permittivity combined with the tunability of intrinsic dielectric response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]