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Nanoindentation has emerged as a pioneering technique for fabricating array structures at the nanoscale. This research incorporates molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the deformation mechanisms of materials influenced by structured indenters exhibiting diverse geometries. The primary objective of this study is to mitigate interference during the continuous indentation applied by the indenters, diminish the material's elastic recovery, and minimize the occurrence of defects. The simulation results unveil that plastic deformation of the workpiece induced by structured indenters manifests through the nucleation and slip of dislocations. The cylindrical indenter engenders the most pronounced residual indentation morphology, accompanied by substantial pile-up interference and an extensive range of dislocation expansion, surpassing that of other indenters. Conversely, pyramidal indenters exhibit minimal residual indentation morphology, albeit displaying considerable elastic recovery. A comprehensive evaluation that considers factors such as recovery after indentation, ease of processing, system stability, and material transfer against the indentation force is imperative for the determination of the ideally structured indenter. The meticulous analysis supports the efficacy of paraboloidal indenters possessing smaller taper angles in attaining consistent processing results, rendering them highly suitable for continuous indentation processing. The research content bears significant implications for advancing the application of structured indenters. [Display omitted] • The defect evolution mechanisms of the structured indentation processing were analyzed. • The plastic deformation mechanisms of structured indenters processing were analyzed. • The filling rates of characteristic gaps were presented and calculated for structured indenters. • The indentation recovery rate and stability of the structured indenter were calculated and analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ferroptosis is a regulated cell death mode triggered by iron-dependent toxic membrane lipid peroxidation. As a novel cell death modality that is morphologically and mechanistically different from other forms of cell death, such as apoptosis and necrosis, ferroptosis has attracted extensive attention due to its association with various diseases. Evidence on ferroptosis as a potential therapeutic strategy has accumulated with the rapid growth of research on targeting ferroptosis for tumor suppression in recent years. Methods: We summarize the currently known characteristics and major regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis and present the role of ferroptosis in cellular stress responses, including ER stress and autophagy. Furthermore, we elucidate the potential applications of ferroptosis in radiotherapy and immunotherapy, which will be beneficial in exploring new strategies for clinical tumor treatment. Result and conclusion: Based on specific biomarkers and precise patient-specific assessment, targeting ferroptosis has great potential to be translated into practical new approaches for clinical cancer therapy, significantly contributing to the prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2 S 3 -NiS co-decorated MoO 3 @MoS 2 (INS/MoO 3 @MoS 2) heterojunctions were prepared in nonthermal plasma via the in-situ sulfurization for enhancing the solar-light photocatalytic conversion of CO 2 into CH 4 and CO at 423 K. In contrast with hexagonal h-MoO 3 nanorods, CH 4 and CO yields were enhanced by h-MoO 3 @MoS 2 and In 2 S 3 /MoO 3 @MoS 2 , while the increased CH 4 yield and decreased CO yield were obtained by INS/MoO 3 @MoS 2 and NiS/MoO 3 @MoS 2. The optimal 3-INS/MoO 3 @MoS 2 with a nominal NiS-In 2 S 3 content of 5.0 wt% and a In/Ni molar ratio of 2:1 exhibited the best photoreduction activity of CO 2 , of which CH 4 and CO yields were 49.11 and 6.19 μmol g−1 h−1, respectively. It's ascribed to the tight interface for enhancing the visible-light absorption capacity and reinforcing the transfer and separation of charge carriers. S-rich sites and O vacancies were favorable for the adsorption and photoreduction of reactants on the bulks surface. The nonthermal plasma induced in-situ sulfurization was thus a promising route to fabricate metal sulfides-based heterojunctions. [Display omitted] • In 2 S 3 -NiS co-decorated MoO 3 @MoS 2 was obtained by nonthermal plasma. • INS/MoO 3 @MoS 2 exhibited the enhanced photoreduction capacity toward CO 2. • The obtained junction interface favored the transfer and separation of charge carriers. • CO 2 was efficiently reduced into CH 4 and CO under solar-light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, a new synthetic method toward a key intermediate in the total synthesis of alkannin and shikonin is developed. The key intermediate, 4-methyl-1-(naphtho[1,8- de :4,5- d'e' ]bis([1,3]dioxine)-4-yl)pent-3-en-1-one (5), is synthesized via the reaction of 1,8:4,5-bis(methylenedioxy)naphthalene-2-carboxylic acid N -methoxy- N -methylamide with prenyllithium. This synthetic approach avoids the use of N -methoxy- N,4-dimethylpent-3-enamide, which is not easy to obtain, and the toxic reagent sodium cyanide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiotherapy is one of the mainstream approaches for cancer treatment, although the clinical outcomes are limited due to the radioresistance of tumor cells. Hypoxia and metabolic reprogramming are the hallmarks of tumor initiation and progression and are closely linked to radioresistance. Inside a tumor, the rate of angiogenesis lags behind cell proliferation, and the underdevelopment and abnormal functions of blood vessels in some loci result in oxygen deficiency in cancer cells, i.e., hypoxia. This prevents radiation from effectively eliminating the hypoxic cancer cells. Cancer cells switch to glycolysis as the main source of energy, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect, to sustain their rapid proliferation rates. Therefore, pathways involved in metabolic reprogramming and hypoxia-induced radioresistance are promising intervention targets for cancer treatment. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms and pathways underlying radioresistance due to hypoxia and metabolic reprogramming in detail, including DNA repair, role of cancer stem cells, oxidative stress relief, autophagy regulation, angiogenesis and immune escape. In addition, we proposed the existence of a feedback loop between energy metabolic reprogramming and hypoxia, which is associated with the development and exacerbation of radioresistance in tumors. Simultaneous blockade of this feedback loop and other tumor-specific targets can be an effective approach to overcome radioresistance of cancer cells. This comprehensive overview provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying tumor radiosensitivity and progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • S-doped biochar was modified by Ag 2 S and MgO for boosting adsorption-photocatalytic activity. • The adsorption activity of Ag 2 S-MgO/S-BC was better than its photocatalytic activity. • Langmuir well fitted with the adsorption isotherms of Ag 2 S-MgO/S-BC. • Second-order model well describes with the adsorption kinetics of Ag 2 S-MgO/S-BC. S-doped biochar was co-modified with Ag 2 S and MgO (Ag 2 S-MgO/S-BC) for enhancing adsorption-photocatalytic performance in RhB elimination. The prepared Ag 2 S-MgO/S-BC heterojunctions were better for adsorption-photocatalytic removal of RhB as compared to Ag 2 S and MgO alone for S-doped biochar modifying. Langmuir and second-order models well described the adsorption isotherms and kinetics of Ag 2 S-MgO/S-BC, respectively. The adsorption-photocatalytic elimination of RhB over optimal 4-Ag 2 S-MgO/S-BC was reached to 97.60 % under solar-light irradiation within 120 min, and the photo-corrosion resulted the declined removal efficiency of RhB to 91.87 % after five cycle times. Ag 2 S-MgO/S-BC was thus the super candidate for adsorption and photocatalytic application in wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • MoS 2 -MgO/S-BC were prepared for boosting the removal capacity of TCH. • The adsorption activity of MoS 2 -MgO/S-BC was higher than the photocatalytic activity. • Langmuir well fitted with the adsorption isotherm of MoS 2 -MgO/S-BC. • Second-order model well described with the adsorption kinetics of MoS 2 -MgO. MoS 2 and MgO co-modified biochar with S-doping (MoS 2 -MgO/S-BC) was prepared for facilitating the adsorption-photocatalysis towards tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) elimination under solar-light irradiation. MoS 2 -MgO/S-BC had the better adsorption-photocatalytic activity in comparison to S-BC, b-MgO/S-BC, and 2-MoS 2 /S-BC, and its removal efficiency was intensively affected by MoS 2 and MgO loading contents. The experimental factors such as bulk dosage, TCH concentration, inorganic salts, and pH also influenced the adsorption-photocatalytic capacity of MoS 2 -MgO/S-BC. The highest adsorption capacity (239.52 mg g−1) and removal efficiency (93.70 %) were obtained by optimal 2b-MoS 2 -MgO/S-BC for 200 mg/L TCH solution within 120 min. The adsorption process of MoS 2 -MgO/S-BC was well described by Langmuir isotherm and second-order model. The boosted adsorption-photocatalytic performance of MoS 2 -MgO/S-BC in TCH removal was ascribed to the abundant vacant sites generated from the functional groups of S-doped biochar and lattice defects of MoS 2 and MgO, and the efficient separation and migration of photoinduced e-/h+ at the junction interface among MoS 2 , MgO, and S-BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to estimate cosmic curvature from cosmological probes like standard candles, one has to measure the luminosity distance D L (z) , its derivative with respect to redshift D L ′ (z) and the expansion rate H(z) at the same redshift. In this paper, we study how such idea could be implemented with future generation of space-based DECi-hertz Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (DECIGO), in combination with cosmic chronometers providing cosmology-independent H(z) data. Our results show that for the Hubble diagram of simulated DECIGO data acting as a new type of standard siren, it would be able to constrain cosmic curvature with the precision of Δ Ω k = 0.09 with the currently available sample of 31 measurements of Hubble parameters. In the framework of the third generation ground-based gravitational wave detectors, the spatial curvature is constrained to be Δ Ω k = 0.13 for Einstein Telescope (ET). More interestingly, compared to other approaches aiming for model-independent estimations of spatial curvature, our analysis also achieve the reconstruction of the evolution of Ω k (z) , in the framework of a model-independent method of Gaussian processes (GP) without assuming a specific form. Therefore, one can expect that the newly emerged gravitational wave astronomy can become useful in local measurements of cosmic curvature using distant sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalysis is a promising route to convert solar light into chemical energy for H 2 evolution and pollutants degradation. Hence, Ni 2 P decorated ZnCr 2 O 4 (Ni 2 P/ZnCr 2 O 4) nanofibers were prepared for boosting solar-light induced water splitting and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) degradation. For comparison to ZnCr 2 O 4 nanofibers, Ni 2 P/ZnCr 2 O 4 composites exhibited the better photocatalytic activities for water splitting and TCH removal. Owing to the co-catalytic effect of Ni 2 P for the efficient photon capture, the charge carriers were rapidly separated and migrated at the interface between Ni 2 P and oxygen-defected ZnCr 2 O 4. H 2 evolution rate of optimal C–Ni 2 P/ZnCr 2 O 4 with a nominal Ni 2 P content of 9.0 wt% was 575.89 μmol g−1 h−1, and its apparent quantum yield at 420 nm was 15.25 %, while its H 2 evolution decreased from 2815.13 to 2602.51 μmol g−1 after fifth cycle. In addition, the removal efficiency of C–Ni 2 P/ZnCr 2 O 4 was 93.68 % within 90 min, and declined to 88.76 % after five cycles for solar-light driven degradation of 50 mg L−1 TCH solution. The deactivation of C–Ni 2 P/ZnCr 2 O 4 was due to the photo-corrosion for the change in valence states of compositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a conserved cellular process for cells to clear unfolded or misfolded proteins and maintain cell homeostasis under stress conditions. Autophagy may act as a pro-survival strategy to cope with multiple stress conditions in tumor progression and distant metastasis. Although many studies have demonstrated that there is a close correlation between radiation-induced ER stress and autophagy, the molecular mechanisms currently remain unclear. In the present study, we performed an in vivo study concerning the effect of autophagy induced by ER stress on the radiosensitivity of mouse sarcoma using X-rays. Our results documented that X-rays could induce ER stress in sarcoma and then autophagy was activated by unfolded protein response (UPR) through the IRE1-JNK-pBcl2-Beclin1 signaling axis. The induction of autophagy caused a decline in cell apoptosis while inhibiting the autophagy resulted in increased apoptosis and inhibition of tumor progression. Combined treatment of X-ray exposure and chloroquine increased ER stress-related apoptosis and enhanced the radiosensitivity of mouse sarcoma that was not sensitive to X-ray irradiation alone. Thus, our study indicates that inhibition of ER stress-induced autophagy might be a novel strategy to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy against radioresistant sarcoma. • ER stress induced by X-rays initiated autophagy via the IRE1-JNK-pBcl2-Beclin1 signaling axis. • Combined treatment of chloroquine and X-ray irradiation promoted apoptosis of tumor cells. • Treatment with 50 mg/kg/day of chloroquine alone can promote tumor progression in established sarcoma. • Proposed a possible mechanism of ER stress-regulated autophagy and apoptosis after X-ray irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Sm 2 O 3 coated with N-doped carbon (Sm 2 O 3 @N-C) nanocomposites were synthesized for the visible light driven degradation of tetracycline and RhB. The photo-degradation efficiency of Sm 2 O 3 @N-C was better than that of Sm 2 O 3 , g-C 3 N 4 , and Sm 2 O 3 /g-C 3 N 4 for the RhB removal. The photocatalytic activity of Sm 2 O 3 @N-C increased and then decreased with an increase in N-doping content for the tetracycline removal. N-doped carbon played a crucial role on the enhanced photocatalytic activity and the stability of Sm 2 O 3 @N-C with a carbon shell of 5 nm. It's ascribed to the special interface between Sm 2 O 3 and N-doped carbon, enhancing visible light sorption, facilitating the charge transfer and restraining the recombination of charge carriers. Highlights • Sm 2 O 3 coated with N-doped carbon was synthesized by the hydrothermal route. • Heterojunction interface facilitated the separation of electron-hole pairs. • Sm 2 O 3 @N-C exhibited the advanced photocatalytic activity and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Ag-decorated core-shell Sm 2 O 3 @TiO 2 (Ag-Sm@TiO 2) nanocomposites were synthesized for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. Compared with core-shell Sm 2 O 3 @TiO 2 nanoparticles, the enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ag-Sm@TiO 2 under visible light region was attributed to the surface plasmonic resonance effect of metallic silver and the interface effect between Sm 2 O 3 and TiO 2 in Fenton reaction system. The heterojunction consisted metallic Ag0 nanoparticles, Sm 2 O 3 core, and TiO 2 shell was suitable for the separation of photoexcited electron-hole pairs and the suppression of charge carriers recombination. In addition, the •OH radical was the key active radicals for the photocatalytic degradation of RhB in visible light region. Removal efficiency of RhB over Ag-Sm@TiO 2 increased and then decreased with the increasing Ag amount, of which the 6-Ag-Sm@TiO 2 with metallic Ag0 nanoparticles of 6.0 wt% exhibited the best photocatalytic activity and slightly deactivated after five cycle times. Highlights • Ag-decorated core-shell Sm 2 O 3 @TiO 2 was prepared via photodeposition route. • 6-Ag-Sm@TiO 2 presented the excellent photocatalytic activity and stability. • Heterojunction interface facilitated the separation of electron-hole pairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objectives Although mitochondria are known to play an important role in radiation-induced cellular damage response, the mechanisms of how radiation elicits mitochondrial responses are largely unknown. Materials and methods Human cervical cancer cell line HeLa and human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were irradiated with high LET carbon ions at low (0.5 Gy) and high (3 Gy) doses. Mitochondrial functions, dynamics, mitophagy, intrinsic apoptosis and total apoptosis, and survival fraction were investigated after irradiation. Results We found that carbon ions irradiation induced two different mitochondrial morphological changes and corresponding responses in cancer cells. Cells exposed to carbon ions of 0.5 Gy exhibited only modestly truncated mitochondria, and subsequently damaged mitochondria could be eliminated through mitophagy. In contrast, mitochondria within cells insulted by 3 Gy radiation split into punctate and clustered ones, which were associated with apoptotic cell death afterward. Inhibition of mitochondrial fission by Drp1 or FIS1 knockdown or with the Drp1 inhibitor mdivi-1 suppressed mitophagy and potentiated apoptosis after irradiation at 0.5 Gy. However, inhibiting fission led to mitophagy and increased cell survival when cells were irradiated with carbon ions at 3 Gy. Conclusion We proposed a stress response model to provide a mechanistic explanation for the mitochondrial damage response to high-LET carbon ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The difficulty of predictive maintenance is addressed. • A method to predict the mechanical state of circuit breaker was proposed. • The proposed method outperforms the existing methods. • The fault identification rate achieves 98%. The mechanical condition prediction can realize the early warning of mechanical fault, which is of great significance to the safe operation of high-voltage circuit breaker (HVCB) and the enhancement of the reliability for the power system. However, at present, few researches for the mechanical state prediction of HVCBs are reported. This paper proposes a novel prediction method for the mechanical condition of HVCB based on long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network and support vector machine (SVM). Firstly, based on LSTM, break signal, contact travel, and coil current of HVCB are predicted. Then, the key mechanical characteristic parameters are calculated by using the predicted results. Finally, using the predicted mechanical characteristic parameters, the mechanical state of the circuit breaker is diagnosed based on the SVM model, to realize the mechanical state prediction. Research indicates that the proposed method can accurately predict HVCB mechanical conditions and lay a foundation for realizing predictive maintenance of HVCB mechanical state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CeO 2 -coated α-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles (α-Fe 2 O 3 @CeO 2 ) with the enhanced photocatalytic activity were synthesized by a hydrothermal route and performed for the visible light driven photo-degradation of methylene blue (MB). The photocatalytic activity of α-Fe 2 O 3 @CeO 2 is greatly affected by the thickness of CeO 2 shell under the same conditions. The core-shell structured α-Fe 2 O 3 @CeO 2 sample exhibited a narrower band gap energy in comparison to the pure α-Fe 2 O 3 and CeO 2 bulks, leading to the excellent photocatalytic activity and stability for the degradation of MB under visible light irradiation after five cycle times. The core-shell structured α-Fe 2 O 3 @CeO 2 sample presented higher degradation activity than that of the supported 8-Fe/CeO 2 bulks with optimized α-Fe 2 O 3 loading of 8%. It can be ascribed to the Ce 4+ /Ce 3+ redox couple and the heterojunction interfaces of core-shell structured α-Fe 2 O 3 @CeO 2 sample, which can promote the electrons transfer and restrain the photoexcited electron-hole recombination, leading to the excellent degradation activity under visible light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sandwich-like MgO@Carbon (MgO@C) nanocomposoites were fabricated using a one-pot hydrothermal route for the removal of organic dyes. The effects of contact time, pH value, carbon thickness, inorganic ions, and temperature on the sorption capacity of MgO@C were investigated. Compared with pure MgO nanoparticles and carbon bulks, the as-obtained sandwich-like MgO@C exhibited much higher sorption capacity for methyl orange due to the enhanced electrostatic interaction between anionic dye molecules and positively charged MgO@C nanocomposite. The sorption capacity of MgO@C increased with the increase of specific surface and pore volume, and the MgO@C-3 with a carbon thickness of around 5 nm exhibited the highest adsorption efficiency. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics of dye over MgO@C were well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order adsorption model, respectively. Further investigation indicated that the sorption process of methyl orange over sandwich-like MgO@C was controlled by the external mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion, and was a spontaneous and exothermic adsorption process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Sleep disturbance is a common problem in the general population. Sleep deprivation or dysfunction can have profound health consequences. However, how sleep duration is associated with thyroid function remains unclear. This study was thus developed to examine the association between sleep duration and thyroid function in the US adult population. Methods: A total of 8102 participants from the NHANES 2007–2012 dataset were included in this study. Weighted data analyses were conducted, and the link between sleep duration and thyroid function was probed using linear regression models with smoothed curve fitting. Stratified analyses were also performed. Results: Weighted mean (standard deviation) values for study variables were as follows: sleep duration 6.85 (0.02) hours, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 1.86 (0.03) mIU/ml, serum free T3 3.20 (0. 01) pg/mL, serum free T4 0.80 (0.01) ng/dL, serum total T3 115.12 (0.64) ng/dL, serum total T4 7.81 (0.04) ug/dL, TPOAb 16.20 (1.53) IU/mL, TgAb 5.75 (0.73) IU/mL, and Tg 15.11 (0.46) ng/mL. In unadjusted analyses, increased sleep duration was associated with higher serum TSH levels and decreased FT3 levels. After adjustment for potential confounders, a significant negative relationship was detected between sleep duration and FT3 levels in participants with ≤7 hours of sleep. When sleep duration exceeded 7 hours, no significant changes in FT3 levels were observed after further increases in sleep duration. Conclusion: Increased sleep duration was related to decreased FT3 levels, primarily at short sleep durations, and this correlation was no longer evident when participants reached the recommended healthy sleep duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Researchers have developed the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) as a tool to quantify the inflammatory potential of a given diet. Higher DII scores indicated a more proinflammatory diet. While inflammation is known to have a strong impact on thyroid function, the precise nature of the association between DII scores and thyroid function has yet to be clarified. This study was conducted with the goal of exploring this relationship in a representative population of adults from the United States. Methods: For this study, we used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Standardized questionnaires were used to collect demographic and dietary data from the participants, and laboratory tests were used to collect data on the participants' thyroid parameters and other relevant data. Linear regression models and smoothed curve fitting were used to assess the relationship between DII scores and thyroid function, with weighted data analyses and subgroup analyses being conducted as appropriate. Results: In total, 7712 subjects were recruited from the NHANES 2007–2012 cohort. Their weighted mean age was 44.87 (0.47) years, mean DII score was 1.41 (0.05). Mean FT3 was 3.20 (0.01) pg/mL and mean TT4 was 7.81 (0.03) µg/dL. In adjusted analyses, higher DII values were related to increases in FT3 (β =.007; p =.027) and TT4 (β =.050; p =.005) levels. Subgroup analyses showed a negative correlation between FT3 levels and DII scores in a population with high urinary iodine concentrations. Conclusion: These data indicate that the consumption of a more proinflammatory diet, as evidenced by elevated DII scores, is correlated with significant increases in FT3 and TT4 levels. However, for people with high urinary iodine concentrations, a more proinflammatory diet was associated with lower FT3 levels. Additional research will be vital to clarify the mechanistic basis for these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CeO 2 with X-architecture was synthesized using the hydrothermal route assisted by polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and employed to investigate the degradation of methylene blue under UV-light irradiation. The as-obtained CeO 2 sample exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than traditional CeO 2 sample prepared by precipitation route due to its irregular X-architecture shape with clear boundary and micro/mesopore surface structure. The novel X-architecture shape of CeO 2 facilitates the efficient photo-generated charge transfer and separation under UV-light irradiation, leading to the superior stability for the photo-degradation of methylene blue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silica-coated LaNiO 3 nanoparticles (LaNiO 3 @SiO 2 NPs) were prepared by the modified Stöber method for the conversion of methane with carbon dioxide into syngas in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor (DBD) under ambient conditions. The synergistic effect of LaNiO 3 @SiO 2 NPs and DBD plasma toward the dry reforming of methane was investigated as a function of flow rate of feed gases, input power, and molar ratio of CH 4 /CO 2 . The results indicated that the Ni–La 2 O 3 @SiO 2 produced from LaNiO 3 @SiO 2 NPs showed high catalytic activity for the plasma-assisted dry reforming of methane due to the creation of a silica shell. The Koros–Nowak criterion test demonstrated that the catalytic activity of Ni–La 2 O 3 @SiO 2 sample was independent of the transport phenomenon. A semi-empirical power-law rate equation was applied to investigate the kinetic behavior of Ni–La 2 O 3 @SiO 2 catalyst for the plasma-assisted dry reforming of CH 4 and evaluate its kinetic parameters, including activation energy, rate constant, and reaction orders. Compared to the activation energy estimated for CO 2 consumption, lower value of CH 4 conversion corresponded to its higher reaction rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinel nickel ferrite nanoparticles (NiFe 2 O 4 NPs) embedded in silica (NiFe 2 O 4 #SiO 2 ) was prepared to enhance the reaction performance of the dry reforming of methane in a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge reactor. NiFe 2 O 4 NPs of around 10 nm were effectively embedded in porous SiO 2 NPs (∼100 nm in diameter). Compared to the supported Ni-based catalysts (Ni/γ-Al 2 O 3 , Ni–Fe/γ-Al 2 O 3 , Ni–Fe/SiO 2 , and NiFe 2 O 4 ), the NiFe 2 O 4 #SiO 2 catalyst placed at the discharge zone exhibited excellent catalytic performance and high resistance to carbon formation during dry reforming under ambient conditions without the involvement of extra heat. The synergetic effect between the non-thermal plasma and the NiFe 2 O 4 #SiO 2 catalyst favored the conversion of CH 4 and CO 2 into syngas. The results indicated that the special structure of the as-synthesized NiFe 2 O 4 #SiO 2 catalyst was capable of restraining the aggregation of Ni–Fe alloy and suppressing the carbon formation in the reforming process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mach reflection (MR) is an essential component in the development of the shock theory, as the incident shock curvature is found to have a significant effect on the MR patterns. Curved-shock Mach reflection (CMR) is not yet adequately understood due to the rotational complexity behind curved shocks. Here, CMR in steady, planar/axisymmetric flows is analyzed to supplement the well-studied phenomena caused by oblique-shock Mach reflection (OMR). The solution from the von Neumann's three-shock theory does not fully describe the CMR case. A CMR structure is presented and characterized by an incident shock, reflected shock, Mach stem, and expansion/compression waves over the slipline or occasionally an absence of waves due to pressure equilibrium. On the basis of this CMR structure, an analytical model for predicting the Mach stem in the CMR case is established. The model reduces to the OMR case if the shock curvature is not applicable. Predictions of the Mach stem geometry and shock structure based on the model exhibit better agreement with the numerical results than predictions using previous models. It is found that the circumferential shock curvature plays a key role in the axisymmetric doubly curved CMR case, which results in a different outcome from the planar case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Flower-like ZnS/Zn-Al composites were prepared via in situ vulcanization. • ZnS/Zn-Al exhibits the efficient adsorption-photocatalytic activity for Cr(VI) removal. • Lattice defects of ZnS/Zn-Al enhance the transfer and separation of charge carriers. Flower-like ZnS-modified Zn-Al layered double oxides (ZnS/Zn-Al) were prepared from Zn-Al layered double hydroxides via the in-situ vulcanization of dielectric barrier discharge plasma. The obtained ZnS/Zn-Al composites exhibit the enhanced adsorption-photocatalytic activity for the removal of Cr(VI) in visible light region. The adsorption-photocatalytic performances of ZnS/Zn-Al are greatly affected by the vulcanized time, Cr(VI) concentration, plasma power, inorganic ions, and pH vaules. Langmuir isotherm and second-order model can well describe the adsorption isotherms and kinetics of ZnS/Zn-Al composites. The optimal 2-ZnS/Zn-Al with a Zn/Al molar ratio of 3:1 can remove Cr(VI) (40 mg L−1) of 99.88% within 140 min, and its adsorption capacity is 118.37 mg g−1. After five cycle times, the photocatalytic activity of 2-ZnS/Zn-Al is restrained by long-term irradiation. The lattice defects such as oxygen and sulfur vacancies induced by the nonthermal plasma are favorable for the effect charge transfer and the rapid separation of charge carriers at the junction interface. In addition, the vacant sites of bulk interface are likely to adsorb Cr(VI) ions via the electrostatic attraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In practical aerodynamic problems, curved shock/boundary layer interaction (CSBLI) is more frequently encountered than the canonical shock/boundary layer interaction (SBLI). Owing to the topological complexity of the flow field brought about by shock curvature, accurate prediction of the interaction length scale of CSBLI is a challenging task. In this work, streamwise and spanwise curvatures are introduced, in turn, with the aim of establishing an analytical model for the interaction length scale of CSBLI based on conservation of mass. The validity and universality of the model are verified, which reveal the impact of the shock curvatures on the interaction, acting as the form of non-uniformity. As an example, the CSBLI with different curvatures is compared, demonstrating that a streamwise curvature of 0.071 will bring a reduction of about 16.5% of the interaction length. The proposed method can be regarded as providing a foundation for further research on CSBLI, opening new perspectives for the investigation of SBLI flow structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

S-defected In 2 S 3 /ZnS nanospheres were synthesized via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal route for facilitating the solar-light induced photodegradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH). The removal efficiency of TCH over In 2 S 3 /ZnS was higher in comparison to pure ZnS and In 2 S 3. The adsorption-photocatalytic capacity of S-defected In 2 S 3 /ZnS was affected by In 2 S 3 content, TCH concentration, inorganic salts, pH, and quenchers. The removal efficiency of optimal 3-In 2 S 3 /ZnS for TCH solution of 50 mg L−1 was 100% within 90 min, and decreased to 93.26% after five cycle times. The main active species were •O 2 - and h+ in solar-light driven photocatalytic system. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of S-defected In 2 S 3 /ZnS was due to the tight interface between In 2 S 3 and ZnS for the efficient transfer and utilization of photo-induced carriers. [Display omitted] • In 2 S 3 /ZnS nanospheres were prepared by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal route. • Tight interface of In 2 S 3 and ZnS favored the transfer and utilization of charge carriers. • S-defected In 2 S 3 /ZnS exhibited the excellent photocatalytic activity and durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To overcome the poor visible-light harvesting and the inferior charge transfer and separation of MgO, MgO nanosheets were co-modified by S and FeS (FeS/S-MgO) via a high-temperature sulfurized route. Compared with pure S-MgO, FeS/S-MgO exhibited higher photocatalytic capacity for tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) under solar light irradiation. It's attributed to the junction interface between FeS and O-defected S-MgO for promoting the transfer and separation of photo-induced carriers and enhancing the visible-light absorption capacity. The photocatalytic activity of FeS/S-MgO was greatly affected by FeS content, TCH concentration, pH, inorganic salts, and quenchers. The optical 3-FeS/S-MgO with a FeS content of 7.94 wt% degrade 97.10% TCH solution of 40 mg L−1, and declined to 94.21% after five cycles under the same conditions. •OH and h+ played the crucial role in 3-FeS/S-MgO assisted photocatalytic system. [Display omitted] • FeS/S-MgO composites were prepared by high-temperature sulfurization. • FeS/S-MgO enhanced the visible-light harvesting and the charge transfer. • •OH and h+ played the vital role in solar-light driven degradation of TCH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance the adsorption-photocatalytic capacity of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) under solar light irradiation, ultrafine CuInS 2 nanoparticles of 5 nm modified MgO with S doping (CIS/S-MgO) nanosheets were in-situ sulfurized in the nonthermal plasma. Compared with pure MgO, In 2 S 3 /S-MgO and CuS/S-MgO, CIS/S-MgO exhibited the better photocatalytic activity while worse adsorption capacity. The optimal 2-CIS/S-MgO could remove 98.4% of 200 mg L−1 TCH solution within 180 min, and declined to 92.3% after five cycles. The attenuated surface discharge and small BET surface area of CIS/S-MgO induced to the inferior adsorption capacity, while the Z-structured junction formed between CuInS 2 and S-MgO was favorable for the charge transfer and separation of electron-hole pairs. •O 2 − was vital for enhancing the solar-light photocatalytic activity of 2-CIS/S-MgO. [Display omitted] • CIS/S-MgO nanosheets were in-situ sulfurized in the nonthermal plasma. • Optimal CIS/S-MgO removed 98.4% of 200 mg L−1 TCH solution within 180 min. • O 2 - was the vital radical in adsorption-photocatalytic system. • Z-structured junction favored the transfer and separation of charge carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Mg-Al LDO with N-defected g-C 3 N 4 extended solar-light absorption capacity. • N-defected g-C 3 N 4 enhanced the photocatalytic activity of Mg-Al LDO. • The junction favored the transfer and separation of charge carriers. To enhance the photocatalytic activity of Mg-Al layered double oxide (LDO) for solar-light excited RhB removal, Mg-Al LDO coupling with N-defected g-C 3 N 4 (Mg-Al@CN) composites were prepared using Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) and melamine as raw materials. Compared with Mg-Al LDO, Mg-Al@CN exhibited the better adsorption and photocatalytic capacity of RhB due to the combined effect between Mg-Al LDO and g-C 3 N 4. The removal efficiency of RhB over optimal Mg-Al@CN-3 was 91.12% of 60 mg L-1 RhB solution within 120 min, and decreased to 86.11% after five cycles. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of Mg-Al@CN for RhB removal was due to the narrow band-gap structure, extending visible-light capture, and efficient transfer and separation of photo-generated carriers. •O 2 − radical was vital for the Mg-Al@CN assisted photocatalytic reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop Bi 2 S 3 -based heterojunction for efficient solar light induced photoreduction of Cr(VI), flower-like Bi 2 S 3 –In 2 S 3 composites consisted of nanorods were prepared via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal route. In contrast with pure Bi 2 S 3 , Bi 2 S 3 –In 2 S 3 composites exhibited the enhanced photoreduction activity while the decreased adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) removal. The best removal efficiency of 70 mg L−1 Cr(VI) solution (99.86%) was achieved by the optimal 3-Bi 2 S 3 –In 2 S 3 with a Bi/In molar ratio of 4:1 within 140 min. It's ascribed to the narrow band gap for strengthened visible-light response, the tight interface between Bi 2 S 3 and In 2 S 3 for rapid transfer and separation of charge carriers, and the enough S vacancies for highly-efficient active sites of adsorption-photoreduction. However, the long-term photo-corrosion resulted in the slightly inferior reusability of 3-Bi 2 S 3 –In 2 S 3 under solar light irradiation after five cycles. [Display omitted] • Flower-like Bi 2 S 3 –In 2 S 3 was prepared by microwave-assisted hydrothermal route. • Bi 2 S 3 –In 2 S 3 composite presents the enhanced removal efficiency of Cr(VI). • Narrow band gap of Bi 2 S 3 –In 2 S 3 promotes the carrier separation and migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ga 2 S 3 /S-modified biochar (Ga/S-BC) was prepared by high-temperature sulfurization. • Ga/S-BC exhibited the efficient adsorption capacity for ciprofloxacin removal. • Electrostatic interaction was vital for the physisorption process of Ga/S-BC. Ga 2 S 3 and sulfur co-modified biochar (Ga/S-BC) composites were prepared for enhancing the adsorption of ciprofloxacin from sugarcane bagasse via the high-temperature sulfurization. In contrast with sulfur-modified biochar, Ga/S-BC exhibited the better adsorption capacity for ciprofloxacin removal. The increasing Ga content induced to the climbing and then declining adsorption activity of Ga/S-BC. Among these obtained Ga/S-BC composites, optimal 3-Ga/S-BC with a Ga content of 7.40% and surface area of 681.67 m2 g−1 exhibited the superior capacity of 330.21 mg g−1. The adsorption capacity of 3-Ga/S-BC declined to 301.66 mg g−1 after nine cycles. pH and inorganic salts also affected the adsorption capacity of 3-Ga/S-BC for ciprofloxacin removal. The adsorption isotherms of obtained Ga/S-BC composites were well described by Langmuir isotherm, and their adsorption kinetics were well estimated via second-order model. The adsorption performance of 3-Ga/S-BC in ciprofloxacin removal was a physisorption and spontaneous process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, photocatalysis has been confirmed as an emerging route to eliminate the contaminants such as dyes, antibiotics, and heavy metals from wastewater. To explore MoO 3 -based photocatalyst with excellent photocatalytic activity, BiVO 4 -modified hexagonal h-MoO 3 (BiVO 4 /MoO 3) composites were constructed for solar-light induced photodegradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) via a chemical precipitation approach. Compared with pure h-MoO 3 , BiVO 4 /MoO 3 exhibited the inferior adsorption capacity while efficient photocatalytic activity. The removal efficiency of TCH over BiVO 4 /MoO 3 was affected by BiVO 4 content, pH, and inorganic ions. For optimal 3-BiVO 4 /MoO 3 with a BiVO 4 content of 4.25%, the adsorption-photocatalytic efficiency of 190 mg L−1 TCH was 97.66% within 160 min, and decreased to 91.35% after five cycles under the same conditions. The quenching experiments indicated that h+ and·O 2 - served as the main species in adsorption-photocatalytic system. The tight junction interface between BiVO 4 and MoO 3 could enhance the visible-light response and the transfer and separation of photoinduced electron-hole pairs. Hence, the excellent activity and durability of BiVO 4 /MoO 3 was favorable for the adsorption-photodegradation of organic pollutants. [Display omitted] • BiVO 4 /MoO 3 enhanced the solar-light photodegradation efficiency of TCH. • h+ and ·O 2 - served as the main species in adsorption-photocatalytic system. • BiVO 4 /MoO 3 promoted the separation and migration of charge carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an inward-turning-inlet–forebody integration methodology based on the dual-waverider concept. For the design concept and the designed flight conditions, both the airframe and inlet benefit from the waverider's high lift-to-drag ratio and the ideal compression performance of its propulsion system. The critical issue is to construct a complex three-dimensional shock wave that accounts for both the inlet and airframe. A method is then proposed for connecting the axisymmetric flow fields of the internal and external flows. The compression surface of the integrated vehicle is then generated from the streamlines obtained with a series of axisymmetric basic flows. Finally, the integration configuration is verified using computational methods, and its viscous effects are analyzed under both on- and off-design conditions via numerical simulations. The results show that a configuration designed using the proposed approach has a high corresponding lift-to-drag ratio and high hypersonic inlet performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NiS/CuS-CdS (NiS/Cu x Cd 1-x S) composites were prepared via a one-pot hydrothermal route for the simultaneous photocatalytic removal of methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) in visible light region. The photocatalytic performances of obtained composites were affected by the Cu/Cd molar ratio, NiS content, MO/MB concentration ratio, pH values, and inorganic ions. Among these samples, the optimal 2-NiS/Cu 0.8 Cd 0.2 S with the NiS content of 3.45 wt% and Cu/Cd molar ratio of 4:1 exhibits the best photocatalytic activity for the simultaneous removal of MO and MB. Compared with 2-NiS/Cu 0.8 Cd 0.2 S alone for MO or MB, the obtained samples exhibits the enhanced removal efficiency of MO while the reduced removal efficiency of MB in mixture solution. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is ascribed to the efficient transfer and separation of charge carriers at the ternary interface of NiS-CuS-CdS heterojunction, in which NiS serves as the electron trapper for prolonging lifetime of photoexcited electrons. The O 2 − and OH radicals play the vital roles in the enhanced photocatalytic activity of 2-NiS/Cu 0.8 Cd 0.2 S for the simultaneous removal of MO and MB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mg Al layered double oxide (LDO) nanosheets were coated by B,N-codoped carbon (MA#C(B,N)) for the enhanced photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) under solar light irradiation. In contrast with bare Mg Al LDO and BN, MA#C(B,N) nanosheets present higher photocatalytic efficiency for TCH removal. The photocatalytic activity of obtained composites are greatly affected by B,N-codoped content, TCH concentrate, pH, and inorganic ions. The optimal MA#C(B,N)-3 exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity and durability in the visible light region, and its removal efficiency was 98.85% for 120 mg L−1 of TCH solution. B,N-codoped carbon with distorted carbon lattice is favorable for the photo-generated electrons trapping and the charge transfer, meanwhile, Mg Al LDO with sufficient basic sites and oxygen vacancies can accelerate the rapid separation of charge carriers at junction interface, enhancing the photocatalytic activity of MA#C(B,N). Unlabelled Image • Mg Al layered double oxide (LDO) nanosheets were coated by B,N-codoped carbon. • A one-pot calcination approach was employed to prepare MA#C(B,N) nanosheets. • MA#C(B,N) nanosheets exhibited excellent adsorption-photocatalysis capacity. • B,N-codoped carbon can efficiently trap the photo-generated electrons. • Basic sites and oxygen vacancies of Mg Al LDO accelerates the separation of charge carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, tremendous efforts have been devoted to develop new photocatalyst with wide spectrum response for H 2 generation from water or aqueous solution. In this paper, Mn x Cd 1-x S composites were in-situ fabricated via the high-temperature sulfurization to enhance the solar-light photocatalytic capacity of H 2 evolution. Benefiting from the S defects and junction interface between MnS and CdS, Mn x Cd 1-x S composites exhibited the better H 2 evolution rate than pure MnS. The H 2 evolution rate of optimal Mn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S with a Mn(II) content of 22.52% and a Mn/Cd mole ratio of 0.95:1 was 9.27 mmol g−1 h−1, which was 35.65 and 2.38 times higher than pure MnS (0.26 mmol g−1 h−1) and CdS (3.89 mmol g−1 h−1), respectively. In addition, H 2 evolution capacity of Mn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S decreased from 44.83 to 41.66 mmol g−1 after three cycles. Mn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S prepared via the high-temperature sulfurization was thus a potential material for solar-light induced H 2 generation. [Display omitted] • Mn x Cd 1-x S composites were prepared via High-temperature sulfurized route. • Mn x Cd 1-x S composites exhibit the excellent solar light driven H 2 evolution. • S vacancies of Mn x Cd 1-x S serve as the efficient active sites for H 2 evolution reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A convenient synthesis of 5, 8-O-dimethylshikonin and the 6-isomer of 5,8-O-dimethylshikonin was developed in 81.8% total yield from shikonin. (R)-4-Methyl-1-(1,4,5,8-tetramethoxynaphthalen-2-yl)pent-3-en-1-ol was prepared in a one-pot two-step approach and then oxidised with ceric ammonium nitrate. This is simpler and the overall yield is higher than previous methods. The reaction conditions are milder and more environmentally friendly to environment, avoiding the use of the toxic and expensive reagents methyl iodide and chloromethyl ether and are more applicable to large-scale preparation. This is important because shikonin and its closely related derivatives have attracted much attention in view of their antitumor activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Mg/N-C from sugarcane bagasse was prepared by a one-pot pyrolysis route. • Mg/N-C shown the excellent adsorption capacity for the MO removal. • Mg/N-C active carbon presented the superior adsorption stability. • Mg/N-C for the MO removal was a spontaneous and physisorption process. MgO/N-doped active carbon (Mg/N-C) derived from sugarcane bagasse was prepared for the removal of methyl orange (MO). Mg/N-C composites presented the better adsorption capacity than that of active carbon and N-doped active carbon, of which the maximum adsorption capacity of 2-Mg/N-C-b2 for the MO removal is 384.61 mg g−1. The effects of MgO dosage, N-doped content, pyrolysis temperature, pH value, inorganic ions and solution temperature on the adsorption performance of Mg/N-C composites in the MO removal were investigated in detail. The pseudo-second order model and Langmuir isotherm model fitted well with the adsorption kinetics and isotherms of Mg/N-C. The rate-determining step was the boundary diffusion and intra-particle diffusion. The adsorption process of 2-Mg/N-C-b2 was a spontaneous and physisorption process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ag quantum dots (QDs) anchored on CeO2 nanosheets with a carbon coating (Ag/CeO2@C) (composites) were prepared via an in situ reduction approach for the photocatalytic degradation of Cr(VI) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) in the visible-light region. The photocatalytic activity of Ag/CeO2@C was greatly affected by carbon content, Ag-doping content, Cr(VI) concentration, pH value, and inorganic ions. Enhanced photocatalytic activity was obtained by Ag/CeO2@C (compared to CeO2 and CeO2@C), of which 3-Ag/CeO2@C-2 with an Ag-doping content of 5.41% presented the best removal efficiency and the most superior stability after five cycles. ·O2− and ·OH radicals were crucial for the photocatalytic capacity of 3-Ag/CeO2@C-2. The combined effect of the surface plasma resonance (SPR) of Ag QDs, an electron trapper of carbon shells, and the redox activity of the Ce(III)/Ce(IV) coupling induced efficient charge transfer and separation, suppressing the recombination of electron–hole pairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CuInS2/Mg(OH)2 (CIS/Mg(OH)2) nanosheets have been prepared for the visible light activated photodegradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH). The introduction of CuInS2 has proven to enhance the photocatalytic activity of Mg(OH)2 nanosheets. It's ascribed to the enhanced transfer and separation of charge carriers at the junction interface between CuInS2 and Mg(OH)2. The photocatalytic activity of obtained CIS/Mg(OH)2 is greatly affected by CuInS2 content, pH value, and inorganic ions. Among these samples, 2-CIS/Mg(OH)2 exhibits the excellent photocatalytic activity and durability for the visible light driven removal of TCH after five cycle times. Atomic force microscope (AFM) images indicate that the surface roughness of 2-CIS/Mg(OH)2 is intensively influenced in adsorption-photocatalysis process. The •O2− and •OH radicals are vital for the visible light driven photocatalytic activity of 2-CIS/Mg(OH)2 for TCH removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a multifunctional preservative film of ZnO/carboxymethyl starch/chitosan (ZnO/CMS/CS) with the unique "Steel Wire Mesh" structure is fabricated by the chemical crosslinked of ZnO NPs, CMS and CS. Unlike traditional nano-filled polymer film, the formation of the "Steel Wire Mesh" structure of ZnO/CMS/CS film is based on the synergistic effect of ZnO NPs filled CMS/CS and the coordination crosslinked between CMS/CS and Zn2+ derived from ZnO NPs. Thanks to the "Steel Wire Mesh" structure, the tensile strength and water vapor barrier of 2.5ZnO/10CMS/CS film are 2.47 and 1.73 times than that of CS film, respectively. Furthermore, the transmittance of 2.5ZnO/10CMS/CS film during antifogging test is close to 89 %, confirming its excellent antifogging effects. And the 2.5ZnO/10CMS/CS film also exhibits excellent long-acting antibacterial activity (up to 202 h), so it can maintain the freshness and appearance of strawberries at least 5 days. More importantly, the 2.5ZnO/10CMS/CS film is sensitive to humidity changes, which achieves real-time humidity monitoring of the fruit storage environment. Note that the preparation method of the film is safe, simple and environmentally friendly, and its excellent degradation performance will not bring any problems of food safety and environmental pollution. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we studied four types of cosmological models with different mechanisms driving the accelerated expansion of the universe, include Braneworld models, Chaplygin Gas models, Emergent Dark Energy models, and cosmological torsion models. Considering that the dynamics of these models at low redshifts are very similar and difficult to distinguish, we used the latest and largest UV and X-ray measurements of quasars (QSOs) observations covering the range of redshift 0.009 < z < 7.5 . However, the high intrinsic dispersion of this sample and the degeneracy between cosmological model parameters, we added 2D-BAO and 3D-BAO datasets to help us constrain the parameters of these cosmological models. Our results suggest that standard cold dark matter scenario may not be the best cosmological model preferred by the high-redshift observations. The Generalized Chaplygin Gas (GCG) and cosmological constant plus torsion (named Case II) models perform best by Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), but the Λ CDM is the best cosmological model preferred by Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). Our work also supports that the Phenomenologically Emergent Dark Energy and cosmological torsion models may alleviate the Hubble tension, the reported value of the Hubble constant obtained from QSO+BAO datasets combination lies between Planck 2018 observations and local measurements from the SH0ES collaboration, while other cosmological models all support that the Hubble constant tends to be closer to recent Planck 2018 results, but these model are penalized by information criterion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To boost the adsorption‐photocatalytic performances of biochar in wastewater treatment, biochar was modified with ternary metal oxides ZnO, Sm2O3, and MgO (ZnSm/Mg‐biochar) via the one‐step pyrolysis method. The optimal 2b‐ZnSm/Mg‐biochar with a Zn/Sm molar ratio of 1:1 exhibited the better removal activity of RhB in comparison with biochar, 2‐Mg/biochar, and b‐ZnSm/biochar. The removal efficiency and adsorption capacity of 2b‐ZnSm/Mg‐biochar was 99.46% and 979.22 mg g−1 for RhB solution of 410 mg g−1, respectively. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of ZnSm/Mg‐biochar composites were as described by second‐order and Langmuir models, respectively. The abundant vacant sites at the junction interface of ZnO, Sm2O3, MgO, and biochar were favorable for the adsorption and photon capturing, achieving the efficient photo‐conversion of RhB under the stimulated solar‐light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gas depletion factor γ (z) , i.e., the average ratio of the gas mass fraction to the cosmic mean baryon fraction of galaxy clusters, plays a very important role in the cosmological application of the gas mass fraction measurements. In this paper, using the newest catalog of 182 galaxy clusters detected by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) Polarization experiment, we investigate the possible redshift evolution of γ (z) through a new cosmology-independent method. The method is based on non-parametric reconstruction using the measurements of Hubble parameters from cosmic chronometers. Unlike hydrodynamical simulations suggesting constant depletion factor, our results reveal the trend of γ (z) decreasing with redshift. This result is supported by a parametric model fit as well as by calculations on the reduced ACTPol sample and on the alternative sample of 91 SZ clusters reported earlier in ACT compilation. Discussion of possible systematic effects leaves an open question about validity of the empirical relation M tot – f gas obtained on very close clusters. These results might pave the way to explore the hot gas fraction within large radii of galaxy clusters as well as its possible evolution with redshift, which should be studied further on larger galaxy cluster samples in the upcoming X-ray/SZ cluster surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct measurements of Hubble parameters H(z) are very useful for cosmological model parameters inference. Based on them, Sahni, Shafieloo and Starobinski introduced a two-point diagnostic Omh2(zi,zj) as an interesting tool for testing the validity of the ΛCDM model. Applying this test they found a tension between observations and predictions of the ΛCDM model. We use the most comprehensive compilation H(z) data from baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) and differential ages (DA) of passively evolving galaxies to study cosmological models using the Hubble parameters itself and to distinguish whether ΛCDM model is consistent with the observational data with statistical analysis of the corresponding Omh2(zi,zj) two-point diagnostics. Our results show that presently available H(z) data significantly improve the constraints on cosmological parameters. The corresponding statistical Omh2(zi,zj) two-point diagnostics seems to prefer the quintessence with w>-1 over the ΛCDM model. Better and more accurate prior knowledge of the Hubble constant, will considerably improve the performance of the statistical Omh2(zi,zj) method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we place constraints on four alternative cosmological models under the assumption of the spatial flatness of the Universe: CPL, EDE, GCG and MPC. A new compilation of 120 compact radio quasars observed by very-long-baseline interferometry, which represents a type of new cosmological standard rulers, are used to test these cosmological models. Our results show that the fits on CPL obtained from the quasar sample are well consistent with those obtained from BAO. For other cosmological models considered, quasars provide constraints in agreement with those derived with other standard probes at $$1\sigma $$ confidence level. Moreover, the results obtained from other statistical methods including figure of merit, Om( z) and statefinder diagnostics indicate that: (1) Radio quasar standard ruler could provide better statistical constraints than BAO for all cosmological models considered, which suggests its potential to act as a powerful complementary probe to BAO and galaxy clusters. (2) Turning to Om( z) diagnostics, CPL, GCG and EDE models cannot be distinguished from each other at the present epoch. (3) In the framework of statefinder diagnostics, MPC and EDE will deviate from the $$\Lambda $$ CDM model in the near future, while GCG model cannot be distinguished from the $$\Lambda $$ CDM model unless much higher precision observations are available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article was originally published online on 2 November 2022 with an error in the footnotes. The author footnotes are correct as they appear above. Publisher's Note: "Analytical model for predicting the length scale of shock/boundary layer interaction with curvature" [Phys. [Extracted from the article]

Developing highly recyclable photocatalysts is crucial for the industrial application of solar-light driven wastewater treatment. Hence, S,N,P-codoped carbon (SNP–C) nanofibers are modified with MoS 2 (MoS 2 /SNP-C) via the electrospinning and nonthermal plasma-sulfurized approaches for enhancing the adsorption and photocatalytic efficiency. The adsorption and photocatalytic capacities of MoS 2 /SNP-C composites for visible-light induced RhB removal are greatly affected by the mass ratio of Mo/P and sulfurized time. Langmuir and second-order models well fit with the adsorption isotherms and kinetics of these composites, respectively. 4-MoS 2 /SNP-C with the nominal Mo/P mass ratio of 12:1 and the sulfurized time of 30 min presents the best adsorption-photocatalytic activity, and its adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of RhB are 728.80 mg g−1 and 99.79%, respectively. The in-situ plasma induced sulfurization is likely to generate the sufficient vacant sites of RhB adsorption and the tight interface between MoS 2 and SNP-C for the rapid transfer of charge carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]