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Objective To understand the fall risk and fall status of the elderly living in an island community, to explore the influencing factors of falls, and to provide basis for the formulation of health education program. Methods The self-made general information questionnaire and the revised Fall-risk Self-assessment Questionnaire (FSQ) were used. Results The scale had good reliability and validity for the elderly in the island community. Totally 300 participants were recruited and investigated, and the incidence of falls was 26. 67%. Protective factors of falls included using walking aids, believing in that falls could be prevented and taking exercise regularly. The three main items associated with risk of falls included abnormal sensation of lower limbs, difficulty in walking faster and feeling of unstable walking sometimes. Conclusion The high incidence of falls in the elderly in the island community is related to the poor muscle strength and balance ability of lower limbs. Community medical staff should strengthen health education, improve the elderly people’s awareness of fall prevention, and reduce the risk of falls, so as to reduce the occurrence of falls. (目的 了解某海岛社区老年人跌倒风险与跌倒现状, 探讨发生跌倒的影响因素, 为健康教育方案的制定提供依据。方法 采用自制的一般资料调查表和修改后的老年人跌倒风险自评量表进行调查。结果 该量表用于海岛社区老年人信效度良好。共300例老年人参与调查, 跌倒发生率为26. 67%(80/300)。跌倒保护因素: 使用助行器、认为跌倒可以预防和规律锻炼。跌倒风险因素中阳性率排前三位的因素: “下肢感觉异常”、“走路加快速度时感到困难”和“有时侯, 我感到行走不稳定”。结论 海岛社区老年人跌倒发生率高与下肢肌力和平衡能力差有关。社区医务人员应加强健康教育力度, 提高老年人防跌倒意识, 降低跌倒风险, 以减少跌倒发生。)

In this paper, we propose a novel equivalent composite control architecture for electro-optical equipment. The improved tracking performance and loss of robustness caused by this structure have a clear relationship with a 2 , the time coefficient of the compensation circuit. The compensation circuit can make the speed quality factor and the acceleration quality factor of the system infinite, and the jerk quality factor can be expanded to 1 / a 2 times the original acceleration quality factor, but it will cause a main zero point of the servo system to be far away from the virtual axis and the main poles to be close to the virtual axis. As the time coefficient of the compensation loop controller decreases, the tracking performance of the system increases, but the robustness decreases, the dynamic response deteriorates, the water bed effect becomes more obvious, and the system is more susceptible to noise and disturbances. Compared to the existing method, our method focuses on system performance and robustness. Experimental results show that our method can achieve target tracking with a peak accuracy of 64 ″ and 22 ″ (RMS), which is superior to the tracking performance without equivalent composite control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Penpulimab, a new‐generation antiprogrammed cell death‐1 immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody, was engineered to optimize receptor occupancy and eliminate fragment crystallizable γ‐mediated effector function. In this multicenter, phase 1b/2, multicohort study, the objective was to investigate the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of penpulimab in advanced solid tumors. Methods: Patients who had unresectable, advanced solid tumors were enrolled from six centers and received 200 mg penpulimab on day 1 every 2 weeks for up to 24 months. The primary end point was the objective response rate (ORR) according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version criteria 1.1. Results: Between September 2, 2019, and January 1, 2020, 65 patients were enrolled and received penpulimab. At the time of data cutoff (May 11, 2022), the median follow‐up was 12.6 months (range, 1.1–28.6 months). The ORR was 12.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.5%–22.8%), with three (4.6%) complete responses and five (7.7%) partial responses. Twelve patients (18.5%) achieved stable disease, resulting in a disease control rate of 30.8% (95% CI, 19.9%–43.4%). The median duration of response was not reached (95% CI, 6.70 months to not estimable). In all cohorts, the median progression‐free survival was 1.74 months (95% CI, 1.41–2.69 months), and the median overall survival was 16.59 months (95% CI, 7.82–22.18 months). Grade 3 or greater treatment‐related adverse events and immune‐related adverse events occurred in 9.2% and 27.7% of patients, respectively. Positive antidrug antibody responses to penpulimab were observed in one patient (1.8%). Conclusions: Penpulimab showed promising antitumor activity with an acceptable safety profile, offering a potential new treatment approach for solid tumors. These findings supported the evaluation of penpulimab's durable activity and safety, as monotherapy or in combination therapy, in specific malignancies. Penpulimab, as a novel antiprogrammed cell death‐1 immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody, was engineered to eliminate fragment crystallizable γ receptor binding and fragment crystallizable‐mediated effector functions. Penpulimab showed durable clinical benefits and a favorable safety profile without unexpected safety concerns in solid tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of dried tea residues on the nutritional parameters and fermentation quality, microbial community, and in vitro digestibility of alfalfa silage were investigated. In this study, dried tea residues generated from five different processing techniques (green tea, G; black tea, B; white tea, W; Pu'er raw tea, Z; Pu'er ripe tea, D) were added at two addition levels (5% and 10% fresh weight (FW)) to alfalfa and fermented for 90 days. The results showed that the tea residues increased the crude protein (CP) content (Z10: 23.85%), true protein nitrogen (TPN) content, DPPH, and ABST radical scavenging capacity, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the alfalfa silage. Moreover, the pH, ammonia-N (NH3-N) content, and acetic acid (AA) content decreased (p < 0.05). The effects of tea residues were promoted on these indicators with increasing tea residue addition. In addition, this study revealed that the influence of dried tea residues on the nutritional quality of alfalfa silage was greater than that on fermentation quality. Based on the nutrient composition, the addition of B or G to alfalfa silage can improve its silage quality, and these tea byproducts have the potential to be used as silage additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The high fibre content of whole plants of Broussonetia papyrifera limits its efficient utilization. Ferulic acid esterase (FAE), in combination with xylanase, can effectively cleave the lignin–carbohydrate complex, promoting the function of cellulase. However, little is known about the impact of these additives on silage. To effectively utilize natural woody plant resources, FAE‐producing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RO395, xylanase (XY) and cellulase (CE) were used to investigate the dynamic fermentation characteristics, fibre and nitrogen components and microbial community structure during B. papyrifera ensiling. RESULTS: Broussonetia papyrifera was either not treated (CK) or treated with FAE‐producing lactic acid bacteria (LP), CE, XY, LP + CE, LP + XY or LP + CE + XY for 3, 7, 15, 30 or 60 days, respectively. In comparison with those in the CK treatment, the L. plantarum and enzyme treatments (LP + CE, LP + XY and LP + XY + CE), especially the LP + XY + CE treatment, significantly increased the lactic acid concentration and decreased the pH and the contents of acid detergent insoluble protein and NH3‐N (P < 0.05). Enzyme addition improved the degradation efficiency of lignocellulose, and a synergistic effect was observed after enzyme treatment in combination with LP; in addition, the lowest acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre, hemicellulose and cellulose contents were detected after the LP + CE + XY treatment (P < 0.05). Moreover, CE, XY and LP additions significantly improved the microbial community structure, increased the relative abundance of Lactiplantibacillus and Firmicutes, and effectively inhibited undesirable bacterial (Enterobacter) growth during ensiling. CONCLUSION: FAE‐producing L. plantarum and the two tested enzymes exhibited synergistic effects on improving the quality of silage, which indicates that this combination can serve as an efficient method for improved B. papyrifera silage utilization. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundTraditional shielding X/γ ray materials are generally lead or lead containing materials, which have the disadvantages of high toxicity, heavy weight, difficult molding and high price. Polymer composite materials are considered to be new materials that can effectively protect against nuclear radiation in the future. Epoxy resin (EP) as a base material has many advantages, such as corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties, strong wear resistance, excellent insulation, and stronger radiation resistance, while rare earth materials have a better shielding effect on γ-rays in the 20~88 keV energy region, and can make up for the weak absorption zone of lead.PurposeThis study aims to verify the shielding performance of nano Yttrium trioxide/epoxy resin composites (Y2O3/EP) against X/γ rays.MethodsFirst of all, Y2O3/epoxy resin radiation protection materials with different yttrium oxide contents were prepared by filling Y2O3 into EP. Then, the positron lifetime spectrum analysis combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other methods were employed to study the microstructure of the material whilst the thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) were applied to analyzing the thermal stability of the material, and Vickers hardness tester and universal tensile machine were used to test the mechanical properties of the material. Finally, the Monte Carlo N Particle Transport Code (MCNP) was applied to the simulation calculation of the radiation protection performance of the these samples.ResultsTesting results show that Y2O3 filled with epoxy resin can improve the thermal stability, hardness and Young's modulus of the composite material, but reduce the tensile strength. In the X/γ ray energy range of 20~1 332 keV, the shielding effect of 40% Y2O3/EP composite is 2%~10% of that of pure Pb under the same material thickness, and the shielding effect of 40% Y2O3/EP composite is 15%~66% of that of pure Pb under the same mass.ConclusionsAlthough the shielding effect of Y2O3/EP composite is worse than that of pure lead, it can meet the shielding requirements at X/γ low-energy radiation region with capability to replace lead or lead containing materials as radiation shielding materials.