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Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and its global incidence and mortality rates remain high. The differential expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) can affect the development of cancer, but the mechanisms by which circRNAs regulate lung cancer progression remain unclear. In this study, we identified circSORBS1, a circRNA that has not been previously described in lung cancer and is significantly underexpressed in lung cancer tissues, blood and cell lines, and the low expression of circSORBS1 correlated with tumour grade and prognosis. In vitro and in vivo functional experiments revealed that circSORBS1 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation and migration while enhancing apoptosis. Mechanistically, circSORBS1 acts as a sponge for miR-6779-5p, indirectly inhibiting RUFY3 mRNA degradation. Simultaneously, it binds to RUFY3 mRNA to enhance its stability. This dual regulatory mechanism leads to an increase in RUFY3 protein levels, which ultimately activates the YWHAE/BAD/BCL2 apoptotic signalling pathway and suppresses lung cancer progression. Our findings not only increase the knowledge about the regulatory pattern of circRNA expression but also provide new insights into the mechanisms by which circRNAs regulate lung cancer development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pediatric Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas differ from adult cases in biology and management, yet there is a lack of survival analysis tailored to pediatric lymphoma. We analyzed lymphoma data from 1975 to 2018, comparing survival trends between 7,871 pediatric and 226,211 adult patients, identified key risk factors for pediatric lymphoma survival, developed a predictive nomogram, and utilized machine learning to predict long-term lymphoma-specific mortality risk. Between 1975 and 2018, we observed substantial increases in 1-year (19.3%), 5-year (41.9%), and 10-year (48.8%) overall survival rates in pediatric patients with lymphoma. Prognostic factors such as age, sex, race, Ann Arbor stage, lymphoma subtypes, and radiotherapy were incorporated into the nomogram. The nomogram exhibited excellent predictive performance with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.766, 0.724, and 0.703 for one-year, five-year, and ten-year survival, respectively, in the training cohort, and AUC values of 0.776, 0.712, and 0.696 in the validation cohort. Importantly, the nomogram outperformed the Ann Arbor staging system in survival prediction. Machine learning models achieved AUC values of approximately 0.75, surpassing the conventional method (AUC = ~ 0.70) in predicting the risk of lymphoma-specific death. We also observed that pediatric lymphoma survivors had a substantially reduced risk of lymphoma after ten years b,ut faced an increasing risk of non-lymphoma diseases. The study highlights substantial improvements in pediatric lymphoma survival, offers reliable predictive tools, and underscores the importance of long-term monitoring for non-lymphoma health issues in pediatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Acute kidney injury (AKI) results from the rapid deterioration of renal function, which is mainly treated by transplantation and dialysis, and has a high mortality rate. Inflammation induced by excess reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) plays a crucial role in AKI. Although small molecule antioxidants have been utilized to alleviate AKI, low bioavailability and side-effect of these drugs tremendously limit their clinical use. Hence, we successfully construct ultra-small (2–4 nm) rhodium nanoparticles modified with l -serine (denoted as Rh-Ser). Our results show that Rh-Ser with multiple enzyme-mimicking activities, allows remove various RONS to protect damaged kidney cells. Additionally, the ultrasmall size of Rh-Ser is conducive to enrichment in the renal tubules, and the modification of l -serine enables Rh-Ser to bind to kidney injury molecule-1, which is highly expressed on the surface of damaged renal cells, thereby targeting the damaged kidney and increasing the retention time. Moreover, Rh-Ser allows the production of oxygen at the inflammatory site, thus further improving hypoxia and inhibiting pro-inflammatory macrophages to relieve inflammation, and increasing the survival rate of AKI mice from 0 to 80%, which exhibits a better therapeutic effect than that of small molecule drug. Photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging can effectively monitor and evaluate the enrichment and therapeutic effect of Rh-Ser. Our study provides a promising strategy for the targeted treatment of AKI via RONS scavenging and inflammatory regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The properties of fluid phase transition can be distinctly induced by shock-waves in the hard-sphere model. Typical thermal and dynamic characteristics of the fluid have been described by conditions in the Rankine–Hugoniot (RH) theory based on Euler equations. Due to the strong impact from shock-waves, states of excitation or even phase transition can be detected. However, various factors can influence the jump in the fluid, such as degrees of freedom in molecules. The simple hard-sphere model typically assumes three degrees, neglecting internal freedoms of particles. However, the effect of molecular rotation often plays a significant role under general conditions, influencing fluid phase transition. So, the rotational freedom of molecules has been taken into the thermal equations in this work. The excited state or phase transition of the fluid has been substantiated by using the RH theory, and we have found that internal freedoms of the fluid can have a dramatic effect on the physical properties during phase transition processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban surface water is an important freshwater resource, and the surface water environment is increasingly being destroyed. Dynamic monitoring of surface water is of great significance for protecting the ecological environment. Remote sensing technology provides technical support for surface water monitoring, which overcomes the drawbacks of traditional manual sampling. It has been widely applied in surface water monitoring. The paper systematically reviews the research progress of remote sensing technology in surface water monitoring from the aspects of remote sensing data, inversion models and water quality parameters. Advantages and disadvantages of inversion models (analytical methods, empirical methods, semi-empirical methods, machine learning methods and comprehensive methods) are compared and analysed. Furthermore, we summarize the research progress of remote sensing technology in monitoring chlorophyll a (Chl-a), total suspended matter (TSM), coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM), transparency and non-photosensitive parameters. Although remote sensing technology provides new ideas for surface water monitoring, there are still some problems that need to be solved, such as remote sensing signals being affected by the atmosphere, poor portability of inversion models, low resolution of satellite sensors, and susceptibility to external factors. Therefore, future research should combine multi-source data, conduct in-depth research on the optical characteristics of surface water bodies, optimize inversion methods, construct transferable inversion models, break through temporal and spatial limitations, and promote the rapid development of surface water pollution monitoring and warning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important migratory bird habitat along the East Asian-Australasian route, the coastal wetlands along the Yellow Sea have experienced significant human losses and threats due to the impact of wind farms. In this study, the radar data was adopted to examine and analyse the spatial and temporal changes of the human-made characteristic areas that caused the change of the migration route of birds in the Yellow Sea from 2015 to 2022. The results show that the areas of impact zones in the study area on water of the Yellow Sea, during the last 8 years, increased 14 times, from 35.7 km2 to 506.3 km2. The areas of impact zones in the study area on land, during the last 8 years, increased almost two times, from 303.4 km2 to 544.2 km2, which also has a serious impact on the number of migratory birds. Therefore, China should carefully evaluate the impact and potential threat of domestic wind farms under operation and construction on birds and other wildlife, and provide scientific solutions for the site selection of new wind farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective and design: This study aimed to investigate Axin2 effects on myocardial infarction (MI) using a macrophage Axin2 conditional knockout (cKO) mouse model, RAW264.7 cell line, and human subepicardial tissues from patients with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Material or subjects: Axin2 cKO mice showed decreased cardiac function, reduced edema, increased lymphangiogenesis, and improved repair in MI Few studies border zones. Hypoxic macrophages with Axin2 depletion exhibited decreased senescence, elevated IL6 expression, and increased LYVE1 transcription. Senescent macrophages decreased in patients with CABG and low Axin2 expression. Treatment: Treatment options included in this study were MI induction in Axin2 cKO mice, in vitro experiments with RAW264.7 cells, and analysis of human subepicardial tissues. Methods: Assays included MI induction, in vitro experiments, and tissue analysis with statistical tests applied. Results: Axin2 cKO improved cardiac function, reduced edema, enhanced lymphangiogenesis, and decreased senescence. Hypoxic macrophages with Axin2 depletion showed reduced senescence, increased IL6 expression, and elevated LYVE1 transcription. Senescent macrophages decreased in patients with CABG and low Axin2 expression. Conclusion: Targeting Axin2 emerges as a novel therapeutic strategy for regulating cardiac lymphatics and mitigating cell senescence post-MI, evidenced by improved outcomes in Axin2-deficient conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Survivors after pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) are with lifetime risk for second primary malignancy (SPM). This necessitates a thorough analysis to better understand the potential long-term health implications for these individuals. Methods: We used a US-wide population-based cancer registry data to quantify the SPM risk and identify its incidence patterns among pediatric lymphoma patients. Results: We observed 4.74-fold (95% CI 4.27–5.25) and 3.40-fold (95% CI 2.78–4.10) increased risks of SPM in survivors after pediatric HL and NHL, respectively. Through over 40 years' follow-up, the cumulative incidence of SPM for pediatric lymphoma was persistently increasing, and here we firstly report the high 40-year cumulative incidence rates of SPM, 22.2% for HL and 12.6% for NHL, suggesting that SPM accounts for a great proportion of deaths among survivors. Of 6805 pediatric lymphomas, 462 (6.36%) developed a SPM, especially second breast and thyroid cancer, followed by hematologic neoplasms including leukemia and NHL. The competing risk analysis demonstrated gender, lymphoma subtype and radiotherapy were significantly associated with SPM. Different risk patterns of SPM were identified between pediatric HL and NHL. Chemotherapy accelerated SPM development but did not increase its incidence risk. Conclusion: Overall, patients after pediatric lymphoma can be with high lifetime risk of SPM, and more attention should be paid to SPM-related signs for early detection and intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: COPA syndrome is a recently described and rare monogenic autosomal dominant disease caused by heterozygous missense mutations in the Coatomer Protein Subunit alpha (COPA) gene that encodes the alpha subunit of coat protein complex I (COPI). Its main clinical manifestations are inflammatory lung disease, arthritis, and renal disease. The development of inflammation in COPA syndrome maybe due to abnormal autophagic response and abnormal activation of type I interferon pathway. To date, 59 cases of COPA have been reported worldwide. Methods: In this case, Trio‐whole exome sequencing was employed in the proband and her parents to identify the underlying genetic cause. COPA variant were detected and the clinical presentation of the patient was described. Results: Herein, we report a case of a 5‐year‐old girl with COPA syndrome who presented with symptoms of arthritis combined with Anti‐neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis (AAV), and progressive renal decline with minimal pulmonary involvement. Trio‐whole exome sequencing was performed which revealed a novel heterozygous likely pathogenic variation in the COPA gene (c.679C>T,p.Arg227Cys), which was maternally inherited. Her mother was a heterozygote, but she had no phenotypic manifestations. No other mutations associated with the clinical phenotype were identified. Conclusion: The present identification and characterization of a novel mutation expands the genotypic spectra of the COPA syndrome and provide reference data to guide future clinical diagnosis and treatment of COPA syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The collaborative learning approach as a universal teaching strategy is widely used in online learning. It is proven that the group leader has an important impact on group collaborative knowledge construction in online collaborative learning (OCL). However, limited research is available on how leadership styles influence a group universal teaching strategy is widely used in online learning this study, the authors adopted lag sequential analysis, epistemic network analysis, and social network analysis to explore the influence of divergent and convergent leadership styles on cognitive engagement in OCL groups. Compared with convergent leadership, divergent leadership strengthened online collaborative cognitive engagement through significant organizer and manager roles, triggered high-quality cognitive behavior transformation within the group, and promoted the balanced development of learners' cognitive structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic phase transition of fluid has been specifically induced by the shockwave within the context of the hard-sphere model. Fundamental thermal and dynamic attributes of the fluid have been primarily examined, and the conditions following the Rankine–Hugoniot (RH) theory have been applied using the Euler equations. Due to the magnitude of the shockwave's impact on the undisturbed equilibrium of the fluid, three archetypal states of excitation are manifested, encompassing liquid–liquid, liquid–solid, and liquid-coexistence states, categorized according to RH conditions subsequent to the influence of the shockwave. The characteristics of the fluid are portrayed employing the hard-sphere model, while the excited state of the fluid has been substantiated through an inquiry into the RH conditions and the generation of entropy. In consonance with the research, the excited state of the fluid exhibits a robust interrelation with its unperturbed equilibrium. The hard-sphere model stands as a suitable framework for examination of the shock-induced phase transition of the fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of MM in most registries remains stable or showing only a slightly increase. However, prevalence of MM is increasing due to the increase in overall survival in the last two decades. The aim of this study was to observe changes in biochemical parameters during the diagnosis and treatment of MM. A retrospective analysis was made of the biochemical indicators, survival time, and related adverse events of 196 patients with MM. Of the 196 patients with MM, 26 were diagnosed with DM (DM-MM group) at the first diagnosis, 31 with steroid-induced diabetes mellitus (SID-MM group) during treatment, and 139 without DM (MM group). There was no significant difference between the three groups in the mean age of onset, sex ratio, incidence of hypercalcemia, renal dysfunction, anemia, abnormal lactate dehydrogenase, and median value of D-dimer and fibrinogen during diagnosis and treatment. There was no significant difference in survival time between the SID-MM and MM groups, but there was a significant difference between the DM-MM and MM groups. There was no significant difference between the three groups in the incidence of hypercalcemia, anemia, and renal function impairment. The survival time of patients with DM was shorter than that of patients without DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death driven by iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation (LPO) with the potential for antitumor immunity activation. In this study, a nonferrous cyclopentadienyl metal‐based ferroptosis inducer [Ir(Cp*)(Bet)Cl]Cl (Ir‐Bet) was developed by a metal‐ligand synergistic enhancement (MLSE) strategy involving the reaction of [Ir(Cp*)Cl]2Cl2 with the natural product Betulin. The fusion of Betulin with iridium cyclopentadienyl (Ir‐Cp*) species as Ir‐Bet not only tremendously enhanced the antiproliferative activity toward cancer cells, but also activated ferritinophagy for iron homeostasis regulation by PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade inhibition with a lower dosage of Betulin, and then evoked an immune response by nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) activation of Ir‐Cp* species. Further immunogenic cell death (ICD) occurred by remarkable ferroptosis through glutathione (GSH) depletion, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) deactivation and ferritinophagy. An in vivo vaccination experiment demonstrated desirable antitumor and immunogenic effects of Ir‐Bet by increasing the ratio of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs)/regulatory T cells (Tregs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death driven by iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation (LPO) with the potential for antitumor immunity activation. In this study, a nonferrous cyclopentadienyl metal‐based ferroptosis inducer [Ir(Cp*)(Bet)Cl]Cl (Ir‐Bet) was developed by a metal‐ligand synergistic enhancement (MLSE) strategy involving the reaction of [Ir(Cp*)Cl]2Cl2 with the natural product Betulin. The fusion of Betulin with iridium cyclopentadienyl (Ir‐Cp*) species as Ir‐Bet not only tremendously enhanced the antiproliferative activity toward cancer cells, but also activated ferritinophagy for iron homeostasis regulation by PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade inhibition with a lower dosage of Betulin, and then evoked an immune response by nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) activation of Ir‐Cp* species. Further immunogenic cell death (ICD) occurred by remarkable ferroptosis through glutathione (GSH) depletion, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) deactivation and ferritinophagy. An in vivo vaccination experiment demonstrated desirable antitumor and immunogenic effects of Ir‐Bet by increasing the ratio of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs)/regulatory T cells (Tregs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic reprogramming of amino acids has been increasingly recognized to initiate and fuel tumorigenesis and survival. Therefore, there is emerging interest in the application of amino acid metabolic strategies in antitumor therapy. Tremendous efforts have been made to develop amino acid metabolic node interventions such as amino acid antagonists and targeting amino acid transporters, key enzymes of amino acid metabolism, and common downstream pathways of amino acid metabolism. In addition to playing an essential role in sustaining tumor growth, new technologies and studies has revealed amino acid metabolic reprograming to have wide implications in the regulation of antitumor immune responses. Specifically, extensive crosstalk between amino acid metabolism and T cell immunity has been reported. Tumor cells can inhibit T cell immunity by depleting amino acids in the microenvironment through nutrient competition, and toxic metabolites of amino acids can also inhibit T cell function. In addition, amino acids can interfere with T cells by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. This crucial crosstalk inspires the exploitation of novel strategies of immunotherapy enhancement and combination, owing to the unprecedented benefits of immunotherapy and the limited population it can benefit. Herein, we review recent findings related to the crosstalk between amino acid metabolism and T cell immunity. We also describe possible approaches to intervene in amino acid metabolic pathways by targeting various signaling nodes. Novel efforts to combine with and unleash potential immunotherapy are also discussed. Hopefully, some strategies that take the lead in the pipeline may soon be used for the common good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: EGFR and ERBB2 exon 20 insertion (Ex20ins) account for a small fraction of patients with EGFR mutations. The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for these patients was still controversial. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled lung cancer patients harboring either EGFR or ERBB2 Ex20ins mutations. All the patients were treated with platinum-based chemotherapy plus ICIs, or platinum-based chemotherapy. The demographic features and clinical outcome of each patient were reviewed and analyzed. Results: When treated with immunochemotherapy, patients with EGFR/ERBB2 Ex20ins mutations (n = 31) had poor PFS compared with those without EGFR mutations (n = 141, 5.0 mon and 11.2 mon, p < 0.001). When compared with those with EGFR classic mutations who received immunotherapy as the salvage therapy (n = 24), these patients with EGFR/ERBB2 Ex20ins mutations had similar PFS (5.0 mon and 4.1 mon, p = 0.625), ORR (37.5% vs. 48.4%), and DCR (70.8% vs. 77.4%). In the patients with EGFR/ERBB2 Ex20ins mutations, the PFS of those treated with chemotherapy (n = 54) and those treated with immunochemotherapy (n = 31) was 6.5 mon vs. 5.0 mon (p = 0.066). In the EGFR Ex20ins subgroup, the PFS of addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy (n = 20) and chemotherapy alone (n = 16) was 8.8 mon and 5.2 mon, respectively (p = 0.082) or immunochemotherapy (n = 15, 8.8 mon and 5.0 mon, p = 0.097). Similarly, in the ERBB2 subgroup, the combination of bevacizumab and chemotherapy achieved a numerically longer PFS over chemotherapy alone (9.1 mon and 4.5 mon, p = 0.253), but there was no statistical significance. Conclusions: This study showed that platinum-based chemotherapy plus ICIs had limited efficiency compared to platinum-based chemotherapy for patients with EGFR/ERBB2 Ex20ins. Chemotherapy plus bevacizumab may be a potential scheme for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Metastatic bladder cancer (BC) has the highest somatic mutation frequency and recurrence rate of all tumors. However, the cellular and molecular characteristics of BC remain unclear. Methods: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on the samples of paracancerous normal tissue (PNT), primary tumor (PT) and lymph node metastasis (LNM). The proportions and gene expression profiles of different cell types in the tumor microenvironment (TME) were investigated. Results: In total, 50,158 cells were classified into six populations. Malignant cells of PT and LNM exhibited large mutant DNA fragments, while the cell phenotypes and gene expression profiles differed during differentiation. Metastasis was associated with a poorer prognosis than PT. Tumor-associated stromal cells and inhibitory immune cells were the main cell populations in PT and LNM. Cell-cell communication analysis revealed the roles of signaling pathways of inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblast (iCAF) and tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) in exhaustion of T cells. In addition, iCAF may recruit TAM to promote formation of the TME earlier than the differentiation of tumor cells. Conclusion: This study through scRNA-seq enhanced our understanding of new features about the cellular and molecular similarities and differences of high-grade and metastatic bladder cancer, which might provide potential therapeutic targets in future treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrosion of longitudinal rebar and stirrups will cause serious degradation to the bond performance between steel bars and concrete. To investigate the impact of both longitudinal rebar and stirrup corrosion on the bond behavior, 35 reinforced concrete (RC) pull-out specimens were subjected to accelerated corrosion tests of electroosmosis-constant current-dry wet cycles and pull-out tests, and then the influence laws of the degree of corrosion of the longitudinal reinforcement, degree of corrosion of the stirrups, cover thickness, stirrup spacing and longitudinal reinforcement diameter on the bond performance were studied. The bond behavior between corroded steel bars and concrete was analyzed from the aspects of corrosion form, failure mode and bond strength. Subsequently, based on the experimental data, a modified bond-slip constitutive model that considers the design parameters, stirrup corrosion and longitudinal rebar corrosion was built and verified. Finally, based on the established modified bond-slip constitutive model, the corroded RC column was simulated, and the accuracy of the established modified bond-slip constitutive model was verified at the component level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reptile search algorithm (RSA) is a dynamic and effective meta-heuristic algorithm inspired by the behavior of crocodiles in nature and the way of hunting prey. Unlike other crawler search algorithms, it uses four novel mechanisms to update the location of the solutions, such as walking at high or on the belly, and hunting in a coordinated or cooperative manner. In this algorithm, the total number of iterations is divided into four intervals, and different position-updating strategies are used to make the algorithm easily fall into the local optimum. Therefore, an improved reptile search algorithm based on a mathematical optimization accelerator (MOA) and elementary functions is proposed to improve its search efficiency and make it not easily fall into local optimum. MOA was used to realize the switching of RSA's four searching modes by introducing random perturbations of six elementary functions (sine function, cosine function, tangent function, arccosine function, hyperbolic secant function and hyperbolic cosecant function), four mechanisms are distinguished by random number instead of the original RSA algorithm's inherent four mechanisms by iteration number, which increases the randomness of the algorithm and avoids falling into local optimum. The random perturbations generated by elementary functions are added to the variation trend of parameter MOA to improve the optimization accuracy of the algorithm. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, 30 benchmark functions in CEC2017 were used for carrying out simulation experiments, and the optimization performance was compared with BAT, PSO, ChOA, MRA and SSA. Finally, two practical engineering design problems are optimized. Simulation results show that the proposed sechRSA has strong global optimization ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity and inactivity are poor prognostic factors in breast cancer, but less is known regarding physical activity (PA) and weight patterns in young breast cancer survivors. Methods: The Young and Strong Study was a cluster‐randomized trial evaluating education and support interventions for young women (age <45 years) with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Sites were randomized 1:1 to a Young Women's Intervention (YWI) or a contact‐time control physical activity intervention (PAI). Changes in PA and weight were compared between groups using general estimating equations to evaluate clustered binary and Gaussian data. Results: A total of 467 patients enrolled between July 2012 and December 2013 across 54 sites. Median age at diagnosis was 40 years (range, 22–45). At baseline, median body mass index (BMI) was 25.4 kg/m2 (range, 16.1–61.1), and participants reported a median of 0 minutes (range, 0–2190) of moderate/vigorous PA/week. PA increased significantly over time in both groups (p <.001), with no difference between groups at any time point. BMI increased modestly but significantly (p <.001) over time in both groups. Provider attention to PA was observed in 74% of participants on PAI and 61% on YWI (p =.145) and correlated with PA at 12 months (median 100 min/week of PA in participants with provider attention to PA vs. 60 min/week in those without, p =.016). Conclusions: In a cohort of young women with breast cancer, rates of obesity and inactivity were high. PA and BMI increased over time and were not impacted by an educational PA intervention. Findings provide important information for developing lifestyle interventions for young breast cancer survivors. In a cohort of young women with newly diagnosed breast cancer, rates of obesity and inactivity were high. Physical activity as well as body mass index increased over time; neither was impacted by an educational intervention focused on physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metformin is a well-known anti-diabetic drug that has been repurposed for several emerging applications, including as an anti-cancer agent. It boasts the distinct advantages of an excellent safety and tolerability profile and high cost-effectiveness at less than one US dollar per daily dose. Epidemiological evidence reveals that metformin reduces the risk of cancer and decreases cancer-related mortality in patients with diabetes; however, the exact mechanisms are not well understood. Energy metabolism may be central to the mechanism of action. Based on altering whole-body energy metabolism or cellular state, metformin's modes of action can be divided into two broad, non-mutually exclusive categories: "direct effects", which induce a direct effect on cancer cells, independent of blood glucose and insulin levels, and "indirect effects" that arise from systemic metabolic changes depending on blood glucose and insulin levels. In this review, we summarize an updated account of the current knowledge on metformin antitumor action, elaborate on the underlying mechanisms in terms of the hallmarks of cancer, and propose potential applications for repurposing metformin for cancer therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of anionic and nonionic surfactant ratios on emulsion stability in saline environments was investigated in the context of bilge water. Sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) and Triton X-100 were selected as surfactants likely present in bilge water emulsions. Interfacial tension results revealed that with 0.42 M NaCl, SLES is a more surface-active surfactant with a smaller head group area than Triton X-100. Increasing the proportion of SLES resulted in a higher surface charge, thus creating a greater repulsive interaction energy barrier between oil droplets, preventing flocculation. Size distribution results showed emulsions with 500 ppm surfactants at different surfactant ratios had long-term (more than 20 days) stability against coalescence. However, SLES-rich emulsions had smaller oil droplets (<8 μm) generated with the same energy input and were more stable against flocculation when compared to Triton X-100-rich emulsions. Visual observation showed more small oil droplets (<10 μm) with a slow creaming rate in SLES-rich emulsions than in Triton X-100-rich emulsions. Turbidity measurements showed that SLES-rich emulsions had higher remnant oil content in the subnatant than Triton X-100-rich emulsions, which is undesirable for phase separation and bilge water treatment. This work provides experimental results on how anionic and nonionic surfactant ratio influences emulsion properties in saltwater environments, which is valuable in developing strategies to minimize and remove remnant oil in bilge water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intrinsic energy G, which is crucial for distinguishing the chemical activity of bio-molecules, plays a significant role. Various factors affecting intrinsic energy differ from simple correlations observed in the inorganic field or small organic molecular systems. To gain deeper insights into the dynamic properties within a multidimensional landscape, typical components associated with intrinsic energy, such as the pulling force F, activity distance ΔQ‡, and configurational symmetry, have been investigated. The pulling force primarily affects the x coordination and provides a quantitative measure of dynamic properties. On the other hand, estimating the influence of ΔQ‡ and configurational symmetry on intrinsic energy is complex due to their connection with configuration fluctuation properties. In this study, a statistical method was employed to investigate the fluctuation. By comparing the mean waiting time ⟨t⟩, significant differences between normal kinetics and dynamic disorder were revealed. Our findings offer a novel perspective for examining the role of intrinsic energy or potential energy in bio-molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] An in-depth understanding of the degradation mechanisms is a prerequisite for developing the next-generation all solid-state lithium metal battery (ASSLMB) technology. Herein, synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (SXCT) together with other probing tools and simulation method were employed to rediscover the decaying mechanisms of LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 (NCM)|Li 6 PS 5 Cl (LPSCl)|Li ASSLMB. It reveals that the detachment and isolation of NCM particles cause the current focusing on the remaining active regions of cathode. The extent of Li stripping and the likelihood of Li+ plating into LPSCl facing the active NCM particles becomes higher. Besides, the homogeneity of Li stripping/plating is improved by homogenizing the electrochemical reactions at the cathode side by LiZr 2 (PO 4) 3 (LZP) coating. These results suggest a codependent failure mechanism between cathode and anode that is mediated by uneven Li ion flux. This work contributes to a holistic understanding of the degradation mechanisms in ASSLMBs and opens new opportunities for their further optimization and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The great clinical success of cisplatin and its derivatives has convinced people that metal complexes could play a more significant role in human cancer therapy. However, targeting and drug resistance are still two dominant problems that need to be urgently solved for metallodrugs' efficacy and clinical translation. As an important component of metal complexes, organometallics have been experiencing rapid development in recent years. Compared with platinum drugs, emerging anti-tumor organometallics targeting dynamic bioprocesses provide an effective strategy to overcome conventional problems. This review focuses on burgeoning anti-tumor strategies and provides up-to-date advances in anti-tumor organometallics development based on their action mechanisms. Specifically, important tumor-overexpressed proteins and nucleic acids as organometallics' anti-tumor targets are systematically presented, followed by organometallics that exert their anti-tumor activity by perturbing tumor intracellular energy/redox/metal/immune homeostasis. Finally, nine cell death pathways including apoptosis, paraptosis, autophagy, oncosis, necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and immunogenic cell death (ICD) that can be induced by organometallics are reviewed, and their morphological and biochemical features are summarised. This review at the interface of chemistry, biology, and medicine aims to enlighten the rational development of organometallic anti-tumor agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myocardial infarction (MI) induces early-stage breast cancer progression and increases breast cancer patients' mortality and morbidity. Insulin-like peptide 6 (INSL6) overexpression can impede cardiotoxin-induced injury through myofiber regeneration, playing a significant role in MI progression. To investigate the diverse significance of INSL6 in a variety of malignant tumors, we explored INSL6 through MI GEO dataset and multiple omics data integrative analysis, such as gene expression level, enriched pathway analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and immune subtypes as well as diagnostic value and prognostic value in pancancer. INSL6 expression was downregulated in the MI group, and overall survival analysis demonstrated that INSL6 could be the prognostic biomarkers in the overall survival of breast cancer (BRCA). INSL6 expression differs significantly not only in most cancers but also in different molecular and immune subtypes of cancers. INSL6 might be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of cancers due to the high accuracy in diagnostic and prognostic value. Furthermore, we focused on BRCA and further investigated INSL6 from the perspective of the correlations with clinical characteristics, prognosis in different clinical subgroups, coexpression genes, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and PPI analysis. Overall survival and disease-specific survival analysis of subgroups in BRCA demonstrated that lower INSL6 expression had a worse prognosis. Therefore, INSL6 aberrant expression is associated with the progression and immune cell infiltration of the tumor, especially in KIRP and BRCA. Therefore, INSL6 may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and the crosstalk between MI and tumor progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are a group of phylogenetically and morphologically diverse prokaryotes that have the capability of sensing Earth's magnetic field via nanocrystals of magnetic iron minerals. These crystals are enclosed within intracellular membranes or organelles known as magnetosomes and enable a sensing function known as magnetotaxis. Although MTB were discovered over half a century ago, the study of the magnetosome biogenesis and organization remains limited to a few cultured MTB strains. Here, we present an integrative genomic and phenomic analysis to investigate the genetic basis of magnetosome biomineralization in both cultured and uncultured strains from phylogenetically diverse MTB groups. The magnetosome gene contents/networks of strains are correlated with magnetic particle morphology and chain configuration. We propose a general model for gene networks that control/regulate magnetosome biogenesis and chain assembly in MTB systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Trial E1609 demonstrated superior overall survival with ipilimumab 3 mg/kg (ipi3) compared to high-dose interferon (HDI) for patients with resected high-risk melanoma. To inform treatment tolerability, we compared health-related quality of life (HRQoL), gastrointestinal (GI), and treatment-specific physical and cognitive/emotional symptoms. We also compared treatment-specific concerns between all arms. Methods: We assessed HRQoL using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General, physical and cognitive/emotional concerns using the FACT-Biologic Response Modifier subscale, and GI symptoms with the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Diarrhea subscale pre-treatment and every 3 months. The primary outcome was the difference in HRQoL at 3 months between ipi3/ipi10 vs. HDI. Results: 549 patients (n = 158 ipi3; n = 191 ipi10; n = 200 HDI) were analyzed. 3-month completion was 58.7%. Compared to HDI, ipilimumab patients reported better HRQoL (ipi3 = 87.5 ± 14.6 vs. HDI = 74.7 ± 15.4, p <.001; ipi10 = 84.9 ± 16.5 vs. HDI, p <.001) and fewer physical (ipi3 = 22.3 ± 4.6 vs. HDI = 17.1 ± 5.4, p <.001; ipi10 = 21.8 ± 5.0 vs. HDI p <.001) and cognitive/emotional (ipi3 = 18.6 ± 4.4 vs. HDI = 15.0 ± 5.3, p <.001; ipi10 = 17.7 ± 4.8 vs. HDI p <.001) concerns, but worse GI symptoms (ipi3 = 40.8 ± 5.0 vs. HDI = 42.2 ± 2.9, p =.011; ipi10 = 39.5 ± 7.0 vs. HDI, p <.001). Fewer ipilimumab patients reported worsening treatment-specific concerns (e.g., 52% of ipi3 and 58% of ipi10 reported worsening fatigue vs. 82% HDI, p's <.001). Conclusion: PROs demonstrated less toxicity of ipi3 compared to HDI and ipi10. Priorities for symptom management among patients receiving ipilimumab include GI toxicities, fatigue, weakness, appetite loss, arthralgia, and depression. Trial Registration: NCT01274338, January 11, 2011 (first posted date) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01274338?term=NCT01274338&draw=2&rank=1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activity distance, which is commonly used to describe the transformation from a bound state to a transition state in the potential energy landscape model, is the key factor in the bio-molecular system to study dynamic properties. Adopted both in phenomenological theory and the statistical model, activity distance is the fundamental parameter to describe the kinetic characteristics of bio-molecules and is usually connected with the change in the pulling force F. The effects of activity distance Δx‡ are easy to be detected in a single dimensional landscape model because the force only expresses the mechanical work −Fx, which mainly overlaps with the fluctuation of the configuration of bio-molecules. However, as the force cannot affect the transformation directly in the multidimensional landscape model, the deflection angle φ is introduced in our work to discuss the pulling force, which has partial effects on the Q dimension. By comparing the mean waiting time ⟨t⟩ under the conditions of normal kinetics and dynamic disorder, in this study, we show the typical results from the effects of activity distance on the multidimensional potential energy model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of signal processing technology, the ubiquitous Wi-Fi devices open an unprecedented opportunity to solve the challenging human gesture recognition problem by learning motion representations from wireless signals. Wi-Fi-based gesture recognition systems, although yield good performance on specific data domains, are still practically difficult to be used without explicit adaptation efforts to new domains. Various pioneering approaches have been proposed to resolve this contradiction but extra training efforts are still necessary for either data collection or model re-training when new data domains appear. To advance cross-domain recognition and achieve fully zero-effort recognition, we propose Widar3.0, a Wi-Fi-based zero-effort cross-domain gesture recognition system. The key insight of Widar3.0 is to derive and extract domain-independent features of human gestures at the lower signal level, which represent unique kinetic characteristics of gestures and are irrespective of domains. On this basis, we develop a one-fits-all general model that requires only one-time training but can adapt to different data domains. Experiments on various domain factors (i.e. environments, locations, and orientations of persons) demonstrate the accuracy of 92.7% for in-domain recognition and 82.6%-92.4% for cross-domain recognition without model re-training, outperforming the state-of-the-art solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nafamostat mesylate (NM) affects coagulation and fibrinolysis and impedes obesity-associated protein demethylase activity, which regulates Na+/K+ transport properties and the NF-κB signaling pathway. NM significantly decreases macrophage, neutrophil, and T lymphocyte infiltration, thereby reducing inflammation and apoptosis after reperfusion and promoting recovery in patients with severe conditions such as near-fatal asthma and cardiac arrest. Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) devices are used for cardiac and/or pulmonary support as a bridge to recovery, decision, surgery, or transplant in patients with refractory cardio-circulatory or respiratory diseases and provide essential opportunities for organ support and patient survival. However, they can lead to some potential adverse events such as hemorrhage and thrombosis. NM provides a sustained innate immune response of coagulation and anti-inflammation in extracorporeal circuits, principally due to its activation of the contact and complement systems. Heparin is the main anticoagulant used in extracorporeal circuits; however, it may cause massive bleeding and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Although no antidote is available, NM has a very short half-life of approximately 8–10 min and might have positive effects on patients who require coagulation and anti-inflammation. NM has been used for anticoagulation in continuous renal replacement therapy, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, hemodialysis, and left ventricular assist devices. In this review, we focused on the pharmacology, monitoring parameters, and considerations for the special use of NM in patients receiving ECLS. Our findings suggest that systemic anticoagulation with NM during ECLS might be a feasible and safe alternative with several advantages for critically ill patients with high-risk bleeding and might improve their prognosis. • Nafamostat Mesilate affects anticoagulation and reduce the risk of bleeding • Nafamostat Mesilate shown anti-inflammatory effects for patients with ECMO • Nafamostat Mesilate has a very short half-time compared to other anticoagulation drugs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using an incentive measure to encourage people to share their private parking spaces could be an effective strategy for urban parking problems. This paper discusses an innovative mechanism of shared parking, "FlexPass," which applies a reverse auction in which drivers propose bids in line with their individual expectations to share their idle parking spaces. The auction mechanism, hypotheses on bidding process principles, the competitive environment, and the risk-averse decisions of providers with regard to parking spaces are analysed to explore the sustainability of the economic benefits obtained for FlexPass parking spaces. A total of 216 respondents from the University of California, Berkeley, were invited to participate in bidding in an actual survey during their daily use of parking spaces. The analytical results show that operational rules based on risk aversion can enable profit-seeking with a bounded capability to obtain considerable economic benefits and release parking resources in an environment of demand competition. Particularly in some scenarios, FlexPass would sacrifice a certain monetary income to ensure the perceived benefits of parking space providers. With the improvement of people's enthusiasm for participating in shared parking, the benefits to individuals and parking lots would be further enhanced, suggesting that our mechanism can operate sustainably over the long term. These findings are helpful for policymakers to formulate feasible shared parking policies from the perspective of monetary incentives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, glucosaminic acid (GlcNA) was produced with the highest yield of ∼85% from chitin biomass‐derived glucosamine (GlcN) at 35 °C under atmospheric air in water, by using zinc oxide‐supported gold nanoparticles (Au/ZnO). The Au/ZnO catalyst prepared by the deposition‐precipitation (DP) method displayed remarkably superior catalytic performance to that prepared by the deposition‐reduction (DR) method, which led to >2‐fold enhancement in product yield. A lower apparent activation energy (Ea) was observed over the Au/ZnO (DP) for GlcNA formation compared with the Au/ZnO (DR) catalyst. Based on control tests and structural characterizations, the average particle size of Au nanoparticles (NPs) and the surface oxygen vacancy (OV) sites were the crucial factors on the catalytic activity. The work puts forward a green, mild and efficient approach to synthesize valuable amino acid from ocean‐based chitin biomass resources with air as the oxidant, adding on new possibilities of chitin biorefinery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Weight gain after a breast cancer diagnosis is common and is associated with inferior outcomes. Young survivors may be especially susceptible to weight changes given the impact of treatment on menopausal status. Methods: The authors identified women who were diagnosed with stage 0 to III breast cancer at age 40 years or younger between 2006 and 2016 from a multicenter prospective cohort. Self‐reported weight was collected at diagnosis and at 1 year and 3 years postdiagnosis. Tumor and treatment data were obtained from medical records and patient surveys. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with weight gain (≥5%) or weight loss (≥5%) versus stable weight at 1 year and 3 years postdiagnosis. Results: The cohort included 956 women with a median age of 37 years at diagnosis. Mean weight significantly increased over time from 66.54 ± 14.85 kg at baseline to 67.33 ± 15.53 and 67.77 ± 14.65 kg at 1 year and 3 years, respectively (p ≤.001 for both comparisons). The proportion of women experiencing ≥5% weight gain increased from 24.8% at 1 year to 33.9% at 3 years. At 1 year, less self‐perceived financial comfort, Black race, and stage III disease were significantly associated with weight gain; at 3 years, only less self‐perceived financial comfort remained significant. Baseline overweight or obesity was significantly associated with weight loss at both time points. Chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and treatment‐related menopause were not associated with weight change. Conclusions: One third of young breast cancer survivors experienced clinically significant weight gain 3 years after diagnosis; however, treatment‐related associations were not observed. Age‐appropriate lifestyle interventions, including the reduction of financial barriers, are needed to prevent weight gain in this high‐risk population. Many young breast cancer survivors experienced clinically significant weight gain at 1 year and 3 years after diagnosis; however, this was not necessarily driven by treatment‐related factors. Financial barriers exist and should be considered in the development of age‐appropriate lifestyle interventions to prevent weight gain in this high‐risk population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Source-generated linear noise is one of the most common types of noise in seismic data. One or more groups of slanted linear events with strong energy often appear in seismic records and severely degrade the quality of subsurface reflections. Therefore, how to effectively remove this noise is the key to improve the quality of reflections. Here, we use a method that combines a feed-forward denoising convolutional neural network (DnCNN) with asymmetric convolution blocks (ACB) to attenuate linear noise in seismic data. Compared with traditional filter methods, this method involves less assumptions concerning the signals and noise; we merely train the neural network to recognise the features of reflections in seismic data. The DnCNN is a supervised deep learning method. It needs sufficient training data to optimise network parameters. Therefore, we generate numerous pairs thereof – including synthetic and real seismic data – to feed to the network. This input of data enables the network to identify reflections in seismic data directly and thus obtain the denoised data. Based on the characteristics of linear noise in seismic data, we build an asymmetric network architecture by combining the DnCNN with ACB. This enables the network to develop an ability to automatically identify reflected signals in seismic data. To validate the performance of the proposed method, we apply it to synthetic and real seismic data. The results demonstrate the method can effectively identify signals from noisy data and obtain better results in attenuation of linear noise and preservation of signals compared with the four other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the validity and reliability of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S) in the Chinese cultural context. We translated the original version of the C19P-S into Chinese and assessed its structure through exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency reliability tests, and test–retest reliability tests. The Chinese version of the C19P-S comprises 20 items classified into four dimensions: psychological, psychosomatic, economic, and social. According to the statistical results, the scale has adequate psychometric properties in the Chinese cultural context and, therefore, can be used to assess the COVID-19 phobia of Chinese undergraduates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The measurement of six-degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) errors of rigid bodies can show the real and accurate spatial pose of those rigid bodies. It plays a major role in precision calibration, spacecraft docking, machining, assembly, etc. In this paper, a four parallel laser-based simultaneous measurement (FPL-SM) method is proposed for measuring 6-DOF errors of rigid bodies with translational motion. First, a FPL-SM device is introduced. Its four laser heads form a rectangle, which is perpendicular to the movement direction of the measured linear displacement. Second, identification formulas for all geometrical errors in rigid bodies with translational motion are presented based on the relative positions of the four lasers. Based on the readings of the four lasers, angular errors and corresponding straightness errors are calculated for the direction of motion around the other two linear motions. As the two parallel sides of the rectangle are in different planes, the straightness errors of the two planes are different. The rolling angular error in the direction is expressed as the difference between the straightness errors of the two planes divided by the distance between the two planes. Six fundamental errors for rigid bodies with translational motion are obtained by four lasers in a single setting of the device. For multiple rigid bodies with mutually perpendicular translational motion, the squareness error is calculated by fitting to the actual direction of motion. Finally, experiments were carried out on the SmartCNC_DRDT five-axis machine tool and 21 geometric errors were determined for three translational axes. Error compensation was carried out using the generated machine tool geometric error data to verify the effectiveness of the proposed FPL-SM method. In addition, geometric errors and thermal errors of the Z axis of the GTI-2740 machine tool are measured based on the FPL-SM method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eutrophication is a serious threat to water quality and human health, and chlorophyll- a (Chla) is a key indicator to represent eutrophication in rivers or lakes. Understanding the spatial-temporal distribution of Chla and its accurate prediction are significant for water system management. In this study, spatial-temporal analysis and correlation analysis were applied to reveal Chla concentration pattern in the Fuchun River, China. Then four exogenous variables (wind speed, water temperature, dissolved oxygen and turbidity) were used for predicting Chla concentrations by six models (3 traditional machine learning models and 3 deep learning models) and compare the performance in a river with different hydrology characteristics. Statistical analysis shown that the Chla concentration in the reservoir river segment was higher than in the natural river segment during August and September, while the dominant algae gradually changed from Cyanophyta to Cryptophyta. Moreover, air temperature, water temperature and dissolved oxygen had high correlations with Chla concentrations among environment factors. The results of the prediction models demonstrate that extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and long short-term memory neural network (LSTM) were the best performance model in the reservoir river segment (NSE = 0.93; RMSE = 4.67) and natural river segment (NSE = 0.94; RMSE = 1.84), respectively. This study provides a reference for further understanding eutrophication and early warning of algal blooms in different type of rivers. [Display omitted] • Chlorophyll-a in the reservoir river segment (RRS) were higher than the natural river segment (NRS) in August and September. • Temperature and DO were higher correlated with Chlorophyll- a , and the relationship was stronger in RRS than in NRS. • The successful application of machine learning algorithms enabled highly accurate predictions for water blooms. • XGBoost and LSTM were the best performance model in RRS and NRS, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Converting non-confocal measurements to semi-confocal ones for NLOS imaging. • Making use of the spatial information in NLOS imaging to improve the temporal accuracy. • Mathematically mapping sectionalized ellipsoids to emulated confocal histograms to avoid heavy numerical computation. Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging enables an imaging system to look around corners, which has drawn much attention in recent years. With the confocal setup employing the raster scanning of overlapped illumination and detection points on the relay wall, NLOS imaging has well-established image reconstruction algorithms. In order to elevate the detection efficiency, the single-photon-avalanche-diode (SPAD) array is actively developed and has become a well acknowledged way to improve the practicability of NLOS imaging. However, applying SPAD array naturally leads to the non-confocal configuration (illumination and detection points not overlapped) and lacks efficient image retrieving algorithms, which remains a serious problem in NLOS imaging. In this work, non-confocal measurements obtained by point illumination and SPAD-array detection are successfully transformed to semi-confocal measurements using the proposed approach based on sectionalized ellipsoid interpolation (SEI), in which the NLOS object is represented as multiple ellipsoid sections corresponding to the non-confocal histogram. By investigating the fact that the ellipsoid section can be refinedly sliced and each slice directly maps to each time-bin in the new confocal histogram, the timing resolution for the emulated confocal measurements can be improved even beyond that for the detector itself. Simulations and experiments have been conducted and testified the advantage of the proposed SEI-based approach over the existing filtered backprojection (FBP) and normal-moveout-correction-based (NMO-based) approaches. Bar-shaped objects (used for resolution estimation) with the interval of 65.6 mm in simulation and 100 mm in experiments, which are not resolved by FBP and NMO-based approaches, can be distinguished by the SEI-based approach with the image contrast of 0.094 and 0.228, respectively. For a large E-shape object with the horizontal size of 1.18 m in simulation, the reconstruction nonuniformity is reduced to 0.169 by the SEI-based approach with respect to 0.271 with the NMO-based approach. Confocal measurements emulation using SEI successfully connects the challenging non-confocal NLOS problem to the well-established confocal NLOS reconstruction algorithms with high performances, which is especially meaningful to NLOS imaging using SPAD array with bad timing resolution and contributes to the practical applications of NLOS imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a type of psychosocial intervention which aims to reduce the mental health conditions like depression, anxiety disorder, and others. Similarly, deep learning is a type of machine learning and artificial intelligence that imitates how humans gain certain types of knowledge. In this paper, deep learning has been used to effectively alleviate teenagers' social anxiety and improve their social ability and the quality of social relations. It aims to conduct an in-depth study on the diagnosis and treatment of cognitive behavior therapy in teenagers based on deep learning. First, it constructs the cognitive behavior diagnosis and treatment evaluation system of adolescent social anxiety and divides the system function into functional, structural, and database design. Then, the correlation prediction model between cognitive behavior therapy and adolescent social anxiety is constructed based on a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm. The risk and protective factors in adolescent growth are screened from the perspectives of people, family, school, and society. The fuzzy itemset support of different factors is defined. The vector of adolescent social anxiety expression index's weight is calculated. The subjective and objective factors of social anxiety in adolescents are extracted based on the grey correlation degree. The correlation prediction model between accurate cognitive behavior therapy and adolescents' social anxiety is established to complete the prediction research, diagnosis, and treatment effect. Simulation experiments show that the proposed method has good feasibility and high prediction accuracy. It can effectively alleviate the social anxiety of teenagers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In bridge health monitoring (BHM), crack identification and width measurement are two of the most important indices for evaluating the functionality of bridges. In order to reduce the labor cost in field detection, researchers have proposed a variety of deep learning (DL)‐based detection techniques for crack recognition. However, some problems still exist in extending these techniques to practical applications, such as data annotation difficulty, limited model generalization ability, and inaccuracy of the DL identification of the actual crack width measurement. In this paper, an application‐oriented multistage crack recognition framework is proposed, namely, Convolutional Active Learning Identification‐Segmentation‐Measurement (CAL‐ISM). It includes four steps: (1) pretraining of the benchmark classification model, (2) retraining of the semisupervised active learning model, (3) pixel‐level crack segmentation, and (4) crack width measurement. Beyond numerical experiments, the performance of the CAL‐ISM is validated for practical applications: (i) bridge column test specimen and (ii) field BHM projects. In conclusion, the obtained results from these applications shed light on the high potential of CAL‐ISM for BHM applications, which is recommended in future deployments for BHM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of affections from fluctuation, the migration or reaction rate of bio-molecules is mainly related to the time-memory effect. This kinetic phenomenon is primarily dominated by dynamic ductility and molecular crowding in the solvent. These two important elements directly connect with the affections of the random force and systematic friction (ζ) in a real solvent. They can affect fluctuation characteristics of bio-molecules. Properties of bio-molecular kinetics are mainly submitted to the configuration quality and random collision. The multidimensional landscape must be needed in typical research processes for kinetics of bio-molecules. The random collision affection in the x dimension and the typical ductility for the free-energy surface in the Q dimension have been abstracted in our work. The two-dimensional generalized Langevin equation including fractional Gaussian noise or white noise is used to study the migration rate or the mean waiting time. The essential quality of the bio-molecules' kinetic properties can be revealed by the comparative study between dynamic disorder (DD) and common diffusion. We have found that there are sharp dynamic differences between DD and normal kinetics. Moreover, dynamic ductility and solvent friction can lead to great affections to the bio-molecular dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nisin, a typical lantibiotic, has robust antimicrobial activity combined with limited cytotoxicity, and the development of resistance to it is slow. These properties make nisin a promising antimicrobial agent to control pathogenic microorganisms in dairy foods. However, its low solubility, poor stability and short half-life at neutral pH limit its application within the dairy industry. Protein engineering technology has revealed the potential of modifying nisin to improve its properties, and many valuable variants have emerged. This review summarizes progress in the generation of nisin variants for the dairy industry and for other purposes. These nisin variants with additional modification have improved properties and can even expand the inhibition spectrum range of nisin. Nisin, as the most thoroughly studied lantibiotic, and its variants can also guide the modification of other lantibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread use of 1,2,3-triazole compounds in drugs has resulted in a great interest in the efficient synthesis of N2-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles via post triazole functionalization methods. At present, there are many methods for the synthesis of N1-substituted 1,2,3-triazole compounds, but the development of convenient methods for the N2-selective functionalization of 1,2,3-triazoles remains challenging. In general, the greater stability of the N1 tautomer makes the N2 position a non-preferable reactive site, which has limited the application of 1,2,3-triazoles. In this review, we summarized advances in the direct N2-selective functionalization of 1,2,3-triazoles since 2008. 1 Introduction 2 N2-Alkylation 3 N2-Allylation 4 N2-Propargylation 5 N2-Alkenylation 6 N2-Alkynylation 7 N2-Arylation 8 Conclusions and Outlook [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, there are various treatment strategies for colorectal cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy. In recent years, with the continuous development of immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can significantly improve the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer patients with high levels of microsatellite instability. In addition to ICIs, neoantigens, as a class of tumor-specific antigens (TSA), are regarded as new immunotherapy targets for many cancer species and are being explored for antitumor therapy. Immunotherapy strategies based on neoantigens include tumor vaccines and adoptive cell therapy (ACT). These methods aim to eliminate tumor cells by enhancing the immune response of host T-cells to neoantigens. In addition, for MSS colorectal cancer, such "cold tumors" with low mutation rates and stable microsatellites are not sensitive to ICIs, whereas neoantigens could provide a promising immunotherapeutic avenue. In this review, we summarized the current status of colorectal cancer neoantigen prediction and current clinical trials of neoantigens and discussed the difficulties and limitations of neoantigens-based therapies for the treatment of CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the effect of electron beam (EB) irradiation-assisted hydrogen peroxide preparation of oxidized KGM (OKGM) on its physicochemical properties. The results showed that treating KGM with EB irradiation and hydrogen peroxide affects the moisture content of KGM, reducing its water absorption, solubility, molecular weight, and viscosity and improving its transparency, thermal stability, and water-binding capacity. The chemical structure of OKGM has changed. There was no significant change in the crystal structure of KGM before and after modification. EB irradiation helps further enhance the effect of oxidative treatment on the rheological properties of KGM. In addition, the browning condition, textural properties, and water retention of the OKGM gels were significantly improved, and the ones pretreated by EB irradiation showed further improvement. In conclusion, EB irradiation can assist hydrogen peroxide in improving the physicochemical properties of KGM, which can further enhance the quality of OKGM. [Display omitted] • EB irradiation is beneficial to enhance the oxidation treatment of KGM by H 2 O 2. • EB irradiation enhances changes in the physical and chemical properties of OKGM. • EB irradiation enhances the effect of H 2 O 2 on the improvement of KGM gel properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proposal of the wind farm layout optimization (WFLO) problem aims to better utilize wind energy. A multi-objective reptile search algorithm (MORSA) based on elite non-dominated sorting and grid indexing mechanism was proposed to solve the multi-objective optimization problem of wind farm layout under the Jansen wake model to maximize power generation while minimizing costs. Firstly, the elite non-dominated sorting method was used to sort the population, and then the crowding distance method was used to maintain the diversity between the optimal sets. By calculating the crowding distance, the same level of non-dominated populations are sorted. Then, the grid index mechanism is added to the archive for selection and deletion. Leaders can use the roulette wheel to select and delete some solutions in high-density grids. By obtaining the optimal Pareto solution set while maintaining the diversity of the population, the effectiveness of solving multi-objective optimization problems is improved. The improved algorithm solves the WFLO problem based on the Jansen wake model by using two different initial self-flow winds for performance testing while considering the effects of single wake and multiple wake with or without partial wake occlusion. The performance of the WFLO (output power and cost) was compared without considering wake obstruction, MORSA can obtain the minimum turbine cost of 26.3601 and the maximum power generation of 2.3078E-08 with a single wake flow of 16 m/s. The experimental results show that the proposed MORSA has better convergence and applicability, and has shown good results in multi-objective layout optimization of wind farms. • Set up the multi-objective wind farm layout optimization problem under the Jansen wake model. • Firstly propose MORSA with elite non-dominated sorting and grid indexing mechanism. • Adopt MORSA to solve multi-objective wind farm layout optimization problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel damping plate-restrained isolation bearing (DP-bearing) that exhibits a range of advantages such as multi-stage energy dissipation, multi-directional restraining effect, and easily assembled/dismountable. The study commences with introducing the fundamental working principle of the proposed DP-bearing, followed by an investigation into the material properties of the damping plates using monotonic tensile and quasi-static cyclic tests. Subsequently, full-scale DP-bearing specimens, considering different numbers and orientations of the inserting damping plates as well as various free traveling distances ("predetermined gaps"), are tested. The test results confirm the multi-function of the damping plates which serve as energy dissipation sources and restrainers simultaneously. Prior to the predetermined gap, the load-displacement curves exhibit a rectangular shape that results from Coulomb friction. Once the gap is reached, the damping plates are activated and provide damping and restraint through shear or tension. The shear and tensile damping plates contribute to over 90% of the total horizontal peak resistance, with the former contributing to more than 70% of the energy dissipation. The study then presents a simplified numerical modeling approach, followed by design recommendations based on the simulation results. Furthermore, the numerical investigations provide supplementary evidence illustrating the effectiveness of the DP-bearing in different loading directions. The variations in the loading angle may induce a combined shear-tensile damage mode that differs from the modes observed in the tests. • A novel damping plate-restrained bearing is proposed. • Both the monotonic and cyclic loading material tests are conducted. • Experimental study on a full-scale bearing specimen is conducted. • The analytical model provides a straightforward method for designing the bearing. • Numerical studies validate and further interpret the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is more intense in younger women. Because FCR is a powerful determinant of quality of life, identifying those at risk for persistently elevated FCR can inform timing of interventions. Methods: A total of 965 women with stage 0 to stage III breast cancer enrolled in the Young Women's Breast Cancer Study, a prospective cohort of women diagnosed with breast cancer at age ≤40 years, completed the 3‐item Lasry Fear of Recurrence Index. Group‐based trajectory modeling was used to classify distinct FCR patterns from baseline through 5 years post‐diagnosis. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify patient, disease, and treatment characteristics associated with each trajectory. Results: Five FCR trajectories were identified with the majority of participants having moderate (33.1%) or high FCR (27.6%) that improved over time. A total of 6.9% participants had moderate FCR that worsened, whereas 21.7% had high FCR at baseline that remained high throughout. In the fully adjusted multinomial model, stages II and III (vs stage I) were associated with lower odds (of being in the high/stable trajectory). White (vs non‐White) were associated with higher odds of being in a trajectory that improved over time. Conclusions: Although FCR improves over time for many young women with breast cancer, approximately one‐third had FCR that was severe and did not improve or worsened over 5 years after diagnosis. Ongoing monitoring is warranted, with early referral to mental health professionals indicated for those at highest risk for unresolved FCR. Lay Summary: Fear of recurrence is common among young women with breast cancer.The authors followed a large cohort of young women diagnosed with breast cancer when they were 40 years of age and younger, and found 5 distinct trajectories that show moderate and severe fears do not always improve over time and may require targeted mental health intervention. Fear of recurrence is prevalent among young women with breast cancer. The authors identify 5 distinct trajectories that show moderate and severe fears do not always resolve over time and may require customized interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a content analysis of 326 news stories from three liberal and three conservative U.S. newspapers, this study explored how the newspapers framed the same-sex marriage issue from 2004 to 2016. "Human rights," "access to benefits," and "public support" were the three dominant issue attributes newspapers used to support same-sex marriage, while "protection of traditional marriage," "public objection," and "securing of conservative voters' support" were the three major issue attributes newspapers used to oppose same-sex marriage. The policy theme was employed most often to organize stories reporting same-sex marriage, followed by the morality and economic themes. From the perspective of same-sex marriage supporters, the general tone of news stories improved over the years. There were minor differences on the issue attributes and organizing themes used between liberal and conservative newspapers. Newspaper practice and practical implications were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]