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Loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) has been linked to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, but its underlying mechanisms remain largely enigmatic. Here, we report that PTEN can be secreted by the transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 10 (TMED10)-channeled protein secretion pathway. Inhibiting PTEN secretion from tumor cells contributes to immunosuppression and impairs the tumor-suppressive role of PTEN, while intratumoral injection of PTEN protein promotes antitumor immunity and suppresses tumor growth in mice. Mechanistically, extracellular PTEN binds to the plexin domain-containing protein 2 (PLXDC2) on macrophages, triggering subsequent activation of JAK2-STAT1 signaling, which switches tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from the immunosuppressive to inflammatory phenotype, leading to enhanced activation of CD8 + T and natural killer cells. Importantly, PTEN treatment also enhances the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1 treatment in mice and reverses the immune-suppressive phenotype of patient-derived primary TAMs. These data identify a cytokine-like role of PTEN in immune activation and tumor suppression and demonstrate the therapeutic potential for extracellular administration of PTEN in cancer immunotherapy., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This paper introduces a novel digital triangular-trapezoidal double-channel shaping algorithm to enhance the counting rate of resistive anode detectors. The algorithm is based on the trapezoidal shaping algorithm and improves it. At the extreme counting rate, the trapezoidal shaping algorithm cannot alleviate the pulse pileup, so the counting rate cannot meet the requirements of a high performance detector. The triangular-trapezoidal double-channel shaping algorithm is introduced in the resistance anode detector, which can replace the trapezoidal shaping filtering algorithm to process the output signal of the resistance anode detector and obtain the single photon position information. This improvement improves the counting rate of the resistor anode detector and reduces the resolution degradation caused by pulse pileup. The algorithm is simulated by System Generator software and implemented on FPGA (field programmable gate array). The triangular-trapezoidal double-channel shaping algorithm presented in this paper plays an important role in reducing electronic noise and pulse pileup. The algorithm is subjected to simulation testing, and it can recognize signals with a minimum pulse interval of 1 µs and counting rate up to 1000 kcps., (© 2024 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.)

Proper regulation of p53 signaling is critical for the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and leukemic stem cells (LSCs). The hematopoietic cell-specific mechanisms regulating p53 activity remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that conditional deletion of acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32B (ANP32B) in hematopoietic cells impairs repopulation capacity and postinjury regeneration of HSCs. Mechanistically, ANP32B forms a repressive complex with p53 and thus inhibits the transcriptional activity of p53 in hematopoietic cells, and p53 deletion rescues the functional defect in Anp32b-deficient HSCs. Of great interest, ANP32B is highly expressed in leukemic cells from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Anp32b deletion enhances p53 transcriptional activity to impair LSC function in a murine CML model and exhibits synergistic therapeutic effects with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in inhibiting CML propagation. In summary, our findings provide a novel strategy to enhance p53 activity in LSCs by inhibiting ANP32B and identify ANP32B as a potential therapeutic target in treating CML., (© 2021 by The American Society of Hematology.)

Identifying novel drug targets to overcome resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and eradicating leukemia stem/progenitor cells are required for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Here, we show that ubiquitin-specific peptidase 47 (USP47) is a potential target to overcome TKI resistance. Functional analysis shows that USP47 knockdown represses proliferation of CML cells sensitive or resistant to imatinib in vitro and in vivo. The knockout of Usp47 significantly inhibits BCR-ABL and BCR-ABL T315I -induced CML in mice with the reduction of Lin - Sca1 + c-Kit + CML stem/progenitor cells. Mechanistic studies show that stabilizing Y-box binding protein 1 contributes to USP47-mediated DNA damage repair in CML cells. Inhibiting USP47 by P22077 exerts cytotoxicity to CML cells with or without TKI resistance in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, P22077 eliminates leukemia stem/progenitor cells in CML mice. Together, targeting USP47 is a promising strategy to overcome TKI resistance and eradicate leukemia stem/progenitor cells in CML.

Objective: To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on miR-34a-5p, silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog-1 (SIRT1) and nuclear factor-κB subunit p65 (NF-κB p65) in the trigeminal ganglion of rats with migraine, so as to explore the mechanisms of EA underlying prevention of migraine., Methods: Male SD rats were randomly divi-ded into normal, sham operation, model, EA, and EA plus EX527(a SIRT1 inhibitor) groups, with 10 rats in each group. The rat model of migraine was established by electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion. Before modeling, EA was applied at "Waiguan"(TE5) and "Fengchi"(GB20) for 20 min each time, once a day for 5 consecutive days, and intraperitoneal injection of EX527 (5 mg/kg) every day simultaneously. Serum prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of miR-34a-5p, SIRT1 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA，and protein expression of SIRT1, IL-1β, NF-κB p65, NF-κB Ac-p65 and cyclooxygenase-2 （COX2） in trigeminal ganglia were detected by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot, separately., Results: The serum concentrations of PGE2 and CGRP， the expression of miR-34a-5p, IL-1β mRNA and protein, NF-κB p65, NF-κB Ac-p65 and COX2 protein expression in the trigeminal ganglion were remarkably increased ( P <0.05), while the SIRT1 mRNA and protein decreased ( P <0.05) in the model group in contrast to the normal group. Following EA intervention， the serum PGE2 and CGRP concentrations, miR-34a-5p expression, IL-1β mRNA and protein, NF-κB p65, NF-κB Ac-p65 and COX2 protein expression were significantly down-regulated ( P <0.05), and SIRT1 mRNA and protein significantly up-regulated ( P <0.05). Compared with the EA group, the serum concentrations of PGE2 and CGRP, IL-1β mRNA and protein, NF-κB p65, NF-κB Ac-p65 and COX2 protein expressions increased ( P <0.05), and SIRT1 protein decreased ( P <0.05) in the EA plus EX527 group., Conclusion: In migraine rats, EA can inhibit miR-34a-5p expression in the trigeminal ganglion, increase SIRT1 expression, down-regulate IL-1β/COX2 inflammation signals, reduce PGE2 synthesis, and thus redue CGRP released from the peripheral terminals, which may be one of the mechanisms of EA in preventing migraine.

Objective: Atherosclerosis (AS) is the most dangerous factor for human death, which is responsible for coronary heart disease. Growing evidence has showed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the development of AS. In this study, we mainly aimed at investigating the roles of FOXC2-AS1 in AS patients., Patients and Methods: RT-PCR was performed to detect the expressions of FOXC2-AS1 and miR-1253 in serum samples of AS patients (n=35) and healthy volunteer (n=35). The correlation between FOXC2-AS1 and miR-1253 was further analyzed. Human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were respectively treated with ox-LDL, IL-6, CRP, TNF-α and IL-8 to explore the affecting factors. P-FOXC2-AS1 was constructed and transfected into VSMCs. Cell proliferation abilities were measured by CCK-8 assay. Cell apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry (FACS) analysis. Western blot (WB) was performed to detect protein levels of FOXF1, Bcl-2, Bax and Cleaved Caspase3. Finally, luciferase gene reporter assay was performed to prove the relationships between FOXC2-AS1 and miR-1253, miR-1253 and FOXF1., Results: We found that FOXC2-AS1 was significantly upregulated in AS patients, which could be induced by ox-LDL and IL-6 in VSMCs. MiR-1253 was decreased in AS patients, which was negatively correlated with FOXC2-AS1. Furthermore, FOXC2-AS1 overexpression promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in VSMCs. Luciferase gene reporter assay showed that FOXC2-AS1 could bind to miR-1253 in VSMCs and 293 cells. Moreover, miR-1253 overexpression inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of VSMCs. Luciferase reporter assay proved that miR-1253 could target at FOXF1 in VSMCs and 293 cells, which was reported to be associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis in some cancers. Additionally, miR-1253 mimic or GSK343, a FOXF1 inhibitor, was respectively transfected into VSMCs with p-FOXC2-AS1. Results showed that the promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis were reversed as well, confirming that FOXC2-AS1 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis via miR-1253/FOXF1 signaling axis in AS patients., Conclusions: According to the results, we found that FOXC2-AS1 was upregulated in AS patients; furthermore, FOXC2-AS1 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis via targeting miR-1253/FOXF1 signaling axis. Our results elucidated a potential mechanism underlying the role of FOXC2-AS1, which might be used as a promising marker and a potential target for AS patients.

PTENα and PTENβ are two longer translational variants of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) messenger RNA. Their expressional regulations and functions in carcinogenesis remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that, in contrast with the well-established tumour-suppressive role of canonical PTEN, PTENα and PTENβ promote tumourigenesis by directly interacting with the histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) presenter WDR5 to promote H3K4 trimethylation and maintain a tumour-promoting signature. We also show that USP9X and FBXW11 bind to the amino-terminal extensions of PTENα/β, and respectively deubiquitinate and ubiquitinate lysines 235 and 239 in PTENα to regulate PTENα/β stability. In accordance, USP9X promotes tumourigenesis and FBXW11 suppresses tumourigenesis through PTENα/β. Taken together, our results indicate that the Pten gene is a double-edged sword for carcinogenesis, and reinterpretation of the importance of the Pten gene in carcinogenesis is warranted.

Objective: Both atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) are increasingly prevalent and related to high hospitalization rate and mortality. AF is a cause as well as a consequence of HF, with complicated interactions resulting in impairment of cardiac systolic and diastolic function. Conversely, the complex structural and neurohormonal alterations in HF contribute to the occurrence and development of AF. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to explore the effect of Exchange-protein activated by cAMP 1 (EPAC1) on AF in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced HF and the potential molecular mechanism., Materials and Methods: Mice and cultured isolated adult cardiomyocytes were treated with ISO and or not EPAC1 inhibitor CE3F4. Programmed electrical stimulation (PES) was performed to induce AF. EPAC1 expression was determined by Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. Cellular electrophysiology was examined by whole cell patch clamp., Results: Both mRNA and protein levels of EPAC1 were upregulated in HF mice. ISO increased the AF susceptibility, and the negative effect was deteriorated by CE3F4. ISO mediated high AF susceptibility of HF via prolonging action potential and exciting L-type calcium channel (LTCC). These could also be reversed by CE3F4 treatment., Conclusions: EPAC1 increased the AF susceptibility in ISO-induced HF mouse model via alternating LTCC.

Background: Hot air drying and sun drying are traditional drying technologies widely used in the drying of agricultural products for a long time, but usually recognized as time-consuming or producing lower-quality products. Infrared drying is a rather effective drying technology that has advantages over traditional drying technologies. Thus, in order to investigate the application of infrared drying in the dehydration of red pepper, the drying characteristics and quality of infrared-dried red pepper were compared with those of sun-dried and hot air-dried red pepper., Results: The infrared drying technology significantly enhanced the drying rate when compared with hot air drying and sun drying. Temperature was the most important factor affecting the moisture transfer during the process of infrared drying as well as hot air drying. Effective moisture diffusivity (Deff ) values of infrared drying ranged from 1.58 × 10(-9) to 3.78 × 10(-9) m(2) s(-1) . The Ea values of infrared drying and hot air drying were 42.67 and 44.48 kJ mol(-1) respectively. Infrared drying and hot air drying produced color loss to a similar extent. Relatively higher crispness values were observed for infrared-dried samples., Conclusion: Sun drying produced dried red pepper with the best color when compared with hot air drying and infrared drying. Meanwhile, infrared drying markedly improved the drying rate at the same drying temperature level of hot air drying, and the products obtained had relatively better quality with higher crispness values. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.)

Based on grid sampling and laboratory analysis, spatial variability of surface soil nutrients was analyzed with GS⁺ and other statistics methods on the landslide area of Fenghuang Mountain, Leigu Town, Beichuan County. The results showed that except for high variability of available phosphorus, other soil nutrients exhibited moderate variability. The ratios of nugget to sill of the soil available phosphorus and soil organic carbon were 27.9% and 28.8%, respectively, showing moderate spatial correlation, while the ratios of nugget to sill of the total nitrogen (20.0%), total phosphorus (24.3%), total potassium (11.1%), available nitrogen (11.2%), and available potassium (22.7%) suggested strong spatial correlation. The total phosphorus had the maximum range (1232.7 m), followed by available nitrogen (541.27 m), total nitrogen (468.35 m), total potassium (136.0 m), available potassium (128.7 m), available phosphorus (116.6 m), and soil organic carbon (93.5 m). Soil nutrients had no significant variation with the increase of altitude, but gradually increased from the landslide area, the transition area, to the little-impacted area. The total and available phosphorus contents of the landslide area decreased by 10.3% and 79.7% compared to that of the little-impacted area, respectively. The soil nutrient contents in the transition area accounted for 31.1%-87.2% of that of the little-impacted area, with the nant reason for the spatial variability of surface soil nutrients.

For the purpose of the rapid prediction of every composition in gasoline, the Raman spectra of the gasoline brand 93 and 97, a batch of one-one mixtures with aromatic, olefin, ben, methanol and ethanol with different ratios are measured, 410 mixture samples were measured totally in this research. The obtained Raman spectra were preprocessed by a series of processing, they were data smoothing, baseline deduction and spectral normalized, etc. After that 33 characteristic peaks were extracted to be the eigenvalues for the whole Raman spectra. According to the current national standard test method, the values of every composition were measured by the gas chromatography. By using the eigenvalues as inputs, and actual contents of aromatic, olefin, ben, methanol and ethanol got from gas chromatography as outputs, two mathematical models of multi-output least squares support vector regression and partial least squares combination with multiple regression analysis were established to predict the values of the above compositions of a sample, respectively. The predicting results were compared with the values calculated from the gas chromatography measurement results and the mixture proportions, the multi-output least squares support vector regression has a better effects, and the obtained root mean square error of prediction for aromatic, olefin, ben, methanol and ethanol are 0.27%, 0.27%, 0.22%, 0.17%, 0.14%; the correlation coefficients are 0.999 3, 0.998 5, 0.998 6, 0.992 3, 0.993 5, respectively. This model is also applied to the detection of the unknown sample, the root mean square error of the prediction for the results does not exceed 0.5%, which can achieve the measurement requirements in the industry. Results show that the Raman spectra analysis technology based on multi-output least squares support vector regression can be a precise, fast and convenient new method for gasoline composition detection, and can be applied to the quality control of the gasoline production process, transportation, storage of the gasoline.

Background: The hydrological cycle is an important way of transportation and reallocation of reactive nitrogen (N) in forest ecosystems. However, under a high level of atmospheric N deposition, the N distribution and cycling through water flows in forest ecosystems especially in bamboo ecosystems are not well understood., Methodology/principal Findings: In order to investigate N fluxes through water flows in a Pleioblastus amarus bamboo forest, event rainfall/snowfall (precipitation, PP), throughfall (TF), stemflow (SF), surface runoff (SR), forest floor leachate (FFL), soil water at the depth of 40 cm (SW1) and 100 cm (SW2) were collected and measured through the whole year of 2009. Nitrogen distribution in different pools in this ecosystem was also measured. Mean N pools in vegetation and soil (0-1 m) were 351.7 and 7752.8 kg ha(-1). Open field nitrogen deposition at the study site was 113.8 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1), which was one of the highest in the world. N-NH4(+), N-NO3(-) and dissolved organic N (DON) accounted for 54%, 22% and 24% of total wet N deposition. Net canopy accumulated of N occurred with N-NO3(-) and DON but not N-NH4(+). The flux of total dissolved N (TDN) to the forest floor was greater than that in open field precipitation by 17.7 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1), due to capture of dry and cloudwater deposition net of canopy uptake. There were significant negative exponential relationships between monthly water flow depths and monthly mean TDN concentrations in PP, TF, SR, FFL and SW1., Conclusions/significance: The open field nitrogen deposition through precipitation is very high over the world, which is the main way of reactive N input in this bamboo ecosystem. The water exchange and N consume mainly occurred in the litter floor layer and topsoil layer, where most of fine roots of bamboo distributed.

In order to determine the prevalence and molecular characterization of hemoglobinopathies in the Wuxi region of Jiangsu Province in the People's Republic of China (PRC), a total of 10,297 healthy people selected from a regional hospital were screened. Hemoglobin (Hb) electrophoresis, complete blood cell (CBC) count, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing, reverse dot-blot and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) were used to detect Hb variants, thalassemias and hereditary persistence of fetal Hb (HPFH). Two thousand and twenty-one adult subjects were screened for thalassemia, five cases were identified as α-thalassemia (α-thal) carriers including three cases of the -α(3.7) (rightward) deletion, one case of the - -(SEA) deletion and one case of β-thal [IVS-II-654 (C>T), (HBB: c.316-197C>T)]. The incidence of Hb variants, thalassemia and HPFH/δβ-thal were 0.136% (14/10,297), 0.25% (5/2021) and 0.0001% (1/10,297), respectively. Eight genotypes of Hb variants were found, including Hb E [β26(B8)Glu→Lys, GAG>AAG; HBB: c.79G>A], Hb J-Bangkok [β56(D7)Gly→Asp (GGC>GAC); HBB; c.170G>A], Hb G-Coushatta [β22(4)Glu→Ala (GAA>GCA); HBB: c.68A>C], Hb Queens [α34(B15)Leu→Arg (CTG>CGG) (α2 or α1); HBA2: c.104T>G (or HBA1)], Hb I [α16(A14)Lys→Glu, AAG>GAG (α1); HBA1: c.49A>G], Hb Beijing [α16(A14)Lys→Asn (AAG>AAC or AAT) (α2 or α1); HBA2: c.51G>C (or HBA1) or 51G>T (or HBA1)], Hb Ube-2 [α68(E17)Asn→Asp (AAC>GAC) (α2 or α1); HBA2: c.205A>G (or HBA1)] and Hb G-Taipei [β22(B4)Glu→Gly (GAA>GGA); HBB: c.68A>G]. A Sicilian δβ(0)-thal, identified for the first time in Asia, was also found in this survey.

Taking the Berberis aggregate shrubs in the ecotone of dry valley and montane forests in upper reaches of Minjiang River as study objects, and by the methods of tracking grazing and field survey, this paper studied the characteristics of habitat utilization by livestock and the features of grazing-path. The major factors affecting the features of grazing-path were screened by redundancy analysis (RDA), and the relationships of the grazing-path features with the coverage, size class, and distribution pattern of the shrubs were analyzed. It was shown that the distribution pattern of the grazing-path could intuitively reflect the characteristics of the habitat utilization by livestock, being in accordance with the results of tracking grazing. The Morisita index at 5 m scale could objectively reflect the distribution type of the grazing-path. Sample plots 1, 2 and 6 presented a contagious distribution of grazing-path, while the other plots showed regular distribution. In slope scale, the coverage and height of the shrubs were the notable affecting factors, which had negative correlations with the grazing-path features. There was a significant negative correlation between the coverage of B. aggregate population and the area of grazing-path. The population structure of B. aggregate had a close correlation with the distribution of grazing-path. The ratio of the long axis to short axis of the shrubs was averagely 1.29, and the shape of the shrubs approached to round. It was considered that the grazing-path landscape and the livestock on the grazing-paths had the function of reconstructing the shape of the shrubs. The directionality of the population pattern of B. aggregate was generally in line with the distribution type of grazing-path, but actually, they were opposite in distribution. The patches of the shrubs were in aggregated or uniform distribution in the areas deviated from the grazing-path.

Gliomas are the most common tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) and a frequent cause of death. The treatment of malignant gliomas is often palliative due to their high recurrence rate. A growing body of evidence suggests that glioma may arise from cancer stem cells (CSC) correlated with neural stem cells (NSC), with the capacity for self-renewal and multipotency. CSCs have been isolated from human gliomas and numerous other solid tumors. It is assumed that a number of established malignant cell lines also contain a rare subpopulation of stem cells. This study was designed to investigate the proportion of CSCs in the human glioma cell line SHG44 and to study the limitations of CD133 immunophenotyping in glioma stem cell research. SHG44 cells were cultured in both serum-containing and serum-free medium. The similar shape in growth curves (in the exponential growth phase) revealed that most cells participated in the population amplification. Time gradient BrdU labeling and monoclonal assay revealed that almost every single cell participated in the division growth (98.82%) and possessed the ability to form clones (96.19%). No significant difference was found in the proportions of CD133+ cells in the serum-containing and serum-free groups (38.25%/37.92%). In addition, no significant difference was noted in the proportions of CD133+ cells among monoclones selected randomly in the serum-containing group. These results suggested that CD133- cells generate CD133+ cells and have the ability to form clones. Thus, we concluded that most SHG44 cells were CSCs and serum-free medium was not necessary for the generation of CSCs. In this line, CD133- cells also possessed clonogenic, self-renewal capacities and were also CSCs.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer. Limited epidemiologic data of HPV prevalence are available for women attending hospitals in southern China. This study aimed to evaluate the profiles of HPV infection and cytology status in gynecological outpatients in Chaozhou City., Methods: A total of 2833 eligible women were enrolled. The HPV GenoArray test was used for HPV detection and genotyping. Nearly one half of the HPV positive women received liquid-based cytology test. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the predictable effects of age and genotype for categories of abnormal cytology., Results: The prevalence of overall, high-risk, and low-risk HPV infection were 24.5%, 19.5% and 8.4%, respectively. A U-shaped age-specific prevalence curve was observed in overall HPV and high- risk HPV, but not in low-risk HPV, which declined with age increasing. The 6 most common high-risk HPV type in descending order, were types 52, 16, 58, 18, 68, and 33. Age and HPV genotype were both important determinants of abnormal cytology incidence, the older women (>45 years) and those infected with HPV type 16 and/or 18 having the highest risk for abnormal cytology., Conclusion: Our findings support the hypothesis that second-generation HPV prophylactic vaccines including HPV-52 and -58 may offer higher protection for women residing in Chaozhou and neighboring cities in Guangdong.

Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection was the main cause of cervical cancer. There were only a few reports and detailed data about epidemiological research of HPV infection in rural population of China., Materials and Methods: The cervical cells of rural Chaozhou women were collected, and multiplex real time PCR was firstly performed to detect high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection, which could detect 13 types of HR-HPV (types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68). Then, HPV-positive samples were typed by HPV GenoArray test., Results: HR-HPV DNA was detected by multiplex real time-PCR in 3830 of 48559 cases (7.89%). There was a peak incidence in age of 55-60 years group, and a lower incidence in who lived in plain group compared with suburban, mountain and seashore group. 3380 cases of HPV positive sample were genotyped, 11.01% (372/3380) cases could not be classified, among the typed 3008 cases, 101 cases were identified without HR-HPV type infection, 2907 cases were infected with one HR-HPV type at least, the 6 most common HR-HPV types in descending order of infection, were type 52 (33.4%, 16 (20.95%), 58 (15.93%), 33 (9.94%), 68 (9.22%) and 18 (8.36%). The combined prevalence of HPV types 16 and 18 accounted for 28.52% of total infection. However, type 52 plus 58 presented 48.23% of total infection. 2209/2907 cases were infected with a single HPV type and 698/2907 cases were infected with multiple types, and multiple infection constituent ratio increased with age, with a peak incidence in age 55-60 years group., Conclusions: Our findings showed low prevalence of HPV vaccine types (16 and 18) and relatively high prevalence of HPV-52 and -58, support the hypothesis that the second-generation HPV vaccines including HPV-52 and -58 may offer higher protection for women in rural Guangdong Province.

Based on the spectral characteristic of the detonation temperature, the present paper presents a measurement system of transient multi-wavelength pyrometry with the theory of multi-wavelength thermometry. The FPGA was applied as the hardware developing platform and the high-speed linear CCD was utilized. Each module was controlled by FPGA to achieve the process of real-time data acquisition, storage and transmission. Using the multiple regression analysis method, the dynamic spectral waveforms were calculated. The two laser spectral lines, 630 and 532 nm, were used to calibrate the corresponding pixel sequence numbers and the No. 175 and No. 270 were confirmed. In this paper, the halide tungsten light was measured. The results show that the system can sample continuous spectrum signal at several different times; the CCD can stably work with 40 MHz clock and the frame scanning frequency can achieve 73 kHz.

A new cytotoxic indole-3-ethenamide (1) and two known compounds, 7-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde (2) and emodin (3) were isolated and identified from the ethyl acetate extract of Aspergillus sclerotiorum PT06-1 in a hypersaline nutrient-rich medium. On the basis of spectroscopic analysis and amino-acid analysis, the new structure of 1 was determined to be (S,E)-3-methyl-2-(N- methylacetamido)-N-(2-(7-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)vinyl)butanamide within 3:1 ratio of rotamers along the acetamido single bond in DMSO-d(6) at room temperature. Compound 1 showed moderate cytotoxicity against A-549 cells and weak cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells with the IC(50) values of 3.0 and 27 μM, respectively. Compound 2 has been separated as natural product for the first time, and its NMR data were also reported for the first time in this study.

The cellular origin of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) is not fully understood. The cancer stem cell hypothesis presumes that tumors originate from the malignant transformation of stem cells. As a type of multipotent stem cell, adipose tissue-derived stromal/stem cells (ADSCs), which possess an unexpected degree of plasticity and often reside in other tissues, may represent a potential source of soft tissue sarcoma. To ascertain whether ADSCs are responsible for the formation of STSs, ADSCs from mice were cultured and treated with 3-methycholanthrene to derive transformed cells. These transformed ADSCs were then injected subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice to test their tumorigenic potential. We found that they generated several types of STSs, including synovial sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and fibrosarcoma. This is the first study to report that ADSCs may be the potential initiating cells for synovial sarcoma. Our findings indicate that STSs might originate from malignantly transformed ADSCs.

Hybrid rice breeding is the combining ability breeding. Screening hybrid rice combinations with high special combining ability (SCA) is able to breed strong superiority combinations with practical values. In this study, the genetic distances (GD) of nine three-line hybrid rice (5 CMS lines and 4 restorer lines) were examined using SSR markers. Based on yield performances of 20 hybrid crosses (5 x 4 NCII), the relationships between SCA, heterosis and GD were studied. The correlations of yield SCA with the control heterosis (r1=0.5609) and the average heterosis (r2=0.541) were significant, but not significant with GD (r=0.2143). Thus, the heterosis can be reflected by SCA; the hybrid parents selected in this study can be used to develop strong superiority combinations; but the SCA cannot be reflected by GD, which needs further study.

Three hybridoma cell lines, 2C6, 5B7 and 12G9, secreting monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) were produced by fusing mouse myeloma cells (SP2/0) with spleen cells from BALB/ C immunized by the CymMV particles. The three McAbs could specifically react with CymMV. The titres of ascitic fluids of two McAbs are up to 10(-6) in I-ELISA. Isotypes and subclasses of the the three McAbs belong to IgG1. Isotypes of light strains of the three McAbs all belong to kappa. They were used in antigen-coated plate (ACP)-ELISA for CymMV detection, and ACP-ELISA could successfully detect 0.487 ng of purified CymMV or virus in plant sap diluted 1:10240. The presence of CymMV in field Orchids tissues was investigated with ACP-ELISA.

Objective: To investigate the molecular genetic mechanism of a Chinese patient with mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I)., Methods: PCR-sequencing analysis was applied to detect the mutations in exons in alpha-L-iduronidase gene (IDUA) of the patient. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization (ASO) were used to confirm the identified mutations. PCR amplified DNA samples from 50 normal individuals were sequenced to demonstrate that the newly identified mutation was not polymorphism., Results: The patient was compound heterozygous for a previously reported nonsense mutation Q60X (178C > T) in exon 2, inherited from the mother, and a newly detected missense mutation D203N (607G > A) in exon 6 from the father. The newly identified mutation D203N was not found in PCR amplified products from 50 normal individuals, indicating that it was not polymorphism., Conclusion: The two identified mutations may be the cause resulting in patient's clinical phenotype.

In the present study, through PCR amplification and direct sequencing of mutation "hotspots", we were able to identify two novel mutations in the human iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) gene in two patients from unrelated families with mucopolysaccharidosis type II(MPS II). The novel mutation IVS 6 -1g-->a affected the 3' splice acceptor site of intron 6, and was predicted to result in exon skipping. The novel mutation c.1587-1588 ins T involved a single base insertion be-tween nucleotides 1,587 and 1,588 in exon 9, and was predicted to result in frame shift and premature termination. The two novel mutations did not occur in 6 other unrelated MPS patients or in 100 alleles from normal individuals, indicating that they were not polymorphisms. The PCR-restriction enzyme digestion showed that the two newly identified mutations were of maternal origin, which was consistent with the X-linked recessive disorder. These findings suggest that the IDS gene mutations could be detected by amplifying mutation "hotspots", direct sequencing and restriction digestion analysis, and the newly identified mutations may be disease-causing.

Objective: To search for culture conditions in which the cells from human amnion could diferentiate into neural cells and hence to explore a new cell source for neural transplantaion., Methods: Amnion cells from human were cultured with tissue piece method, passaged by trypsin digestion and identified with immunocytochemistry., Results: Amnion cells migrated from explants and primary culture was established; they could multiply and expand steadily in a short time, and they could be passaged by trypsin digestion. When cultured in serum-free neural stem cell media, these cells could form the same spheroid shape as the neurospheres of neural stem cells. They could express alpha smooth muscle actin and differentiate into smooth muscle cells spontaneously, and could express nestin and vimentin, the markers for neural progenitors. Moreover, they could he stained by anti-beta III-tubulin, anti-neurofilament 200 and anti-NSE; the majorities could he stained by antityrosine hydroxylase, the marker for dopaminergic neurons. Lower than 0.1% of the total cells were stained by GFAP, indicating the existence of astrocytes. The amnion cells could also differentiate into adipocytes under specific induction., Conclusion: Amnion cells could differentiate into adipocytes and smooth muscle cells; they could express the protein for neural cells; thus may represent an alternative stem cell source for CNS cell transplantation.

We have examined the myogenic potential of human embryonic stem (hES) cells in a xeno-transplantation animal model. Here we show that precursors differentiated from hES cells can undergo myogenesis in an adult environment and give rise to a range of cell types in the myogenic lineage. This study provides direct evidences that hES cells can regenerate both muscle and satellite cells in vivo and are another promising cell type for treating muscle degenerative disorders in addition to other myogenic cell types.

Objective: To explore the culture and subculture conditions for glioma stem cells(GSCs) and to investigate the differentiation potential of GSCs., Methods: The cells from human glioma were mechanically dissociated. Cells were cultured in N2 or B27 medium with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), and they were identified by immunocytochemistry., Results: Glioma stem cells from human glioma have been successfully cultured. They formed typical neurospheres in suspension, and they could be cultured and passaged steadily in vitro. The majorities of the cells expressed vimentin and nestin, which were the markers for neural stem cells. They could differentiate into neurons and astrocytes, and express glial fibrillary acidic protein and beta III-tubulin respectively., Conclusion: Human glioma stem cells could be cultured from gliomas in vitro, and they could differentiate into neurons and astrocytes, thus providing a basis for further studies.

Objective: To explore the migration and distribution of human neural stem cells (NSCs) after they were transplanted into lateral cerebroventricles of embryonic rats., Methods: This study was conducted with the proxy consent and the permission from the Hospitals Ethical Review Committee. The cells from the embryonic human cortices were mechanically dissociated. N2 medium was used to culture and expand the cells. And the cells were identified by immunocytochemistry; then after being labelled with BrdU or adenovirus carrying LacZ gene, they were implanted into the lateral cerebroventricles of embryonic rats. The rats were sacrificed after they were born and the brain sections were examined by immunocytochemistry at different time points., Results: NSCs from embryonic humans were successfully cultured; they formed typical neurospheres in suspension, and the majorities of the cells expressed nestin, which was the marker for neural progenitor cells, and the cells could differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. NSCs could steadily expressed exogenous gene in vivo and in vitro; after transplantation into embryonic rat brains, the fetal human NSCs incorporated individually into all major compartments of the brains, generating widespread CNS chimerism and having a wide distribution in the host fore-, mid-, and hindbrain., Conclusion: NSCs could express foreign gene steadily and were the ideal cell sources for cell and gene therapy. These cells could incorporate into developing brains and generate widespread chimerism. These chimeras provide a unique model for studying human neural cell migration and differentiation in a functional nervous system.

Objective: To investigate the differentiative capability of adult human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into Schwann-like cells., Methods: Bone marrows were aspirated from healthy donors and mononuclear cells were separated by Percoll lymphocytes separation liquid (1.073 g/ml) with centrifugation, cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 (1:1) medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 20 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (EGF) and 20 ng/ml basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Cells of passage 1 were identified with immunocytochemistry., Results: Mononuclear cells separated by Percoll's were passaged 10 times by trypsin/ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) digestion in 40 days, and BMSCs increased about 6x10(7) times in this short period. Immunohistochemistry identified that BMSCs were CD34- and CD31-, but they expressed neuron specific enolase; 0.01%-0.02% of total cells expressed nestin, the marker for neural progenitor cells; 40%-50% cells stained heavily by neurofilament 200; and no glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive cells were identified; S100 expression was detected among 0.1%-0.2% cells., Conclusions: Bone marrow contains the stem cells with the ability of differentiating into Schwann-like cells, which may represent an alternative stem cell sources for neural transplantation.

Objective: To investigate the neural differentiating capability of the umbilical cord tissue-derived stromal cells (UCSCs) in the attempt to find a new cell source for neural transplantation., Methods: UCSCs from umbilical cord of human were cultured with tissue piece method, passaged by trypsin digestion. And Salvia miltiorrhiza was used to induce the cells to differentiate. Cells were identified with immunocytochemistry., Results: Stromal cells that migrated from explants and primary culture were obtained. These cells could differentiate into smooth muscle cells spontaneously and expressed smooth muscle actin; they could be passaged by trypsin digestion. Salvia miltiorrhiza could induce these cells to differentiate into the neuron-like cells, which displayed typical neuron morphology, expressed nestin, beta III-tubulin and NSE at the early stage of differentiation, and were stained by anti-neurofilament 200 at the late stage of differentiation. With optimal conditions, about 90% of UCSCs expressed neuronal phenotypes, lower than 1% of the differentiated cells expressed GFAP, and no myelin basic protein expression was detected in the differentiated cells, indicating the absence of oligodendrocyte differentiation from stromal cells., Conclusion: The data supported the hypothesis that umbilical cord contains the stem cells with the ability of differentiating into neurons, which may provide an alternative stem cell source for CNS cell transplantation.

Objective: To investigate exogenous gene expressing ability of adipose tissue-derived stromal cell (ADSCs) and cell distribution after they were transplanted into brains, and to get the genetically modified cells for autografting., Methods: ADSCs were transfected by Ad5beta gal adenovirus containing a report gene, LacZ gene, then they were transplanted into the adult brain of rats, or ADSCs labeled by Hoechst33258 were transplanted into the adult brain of rats to investigate the migration and distribution of cells., Results: ADSCs showed a good expression of LacZ with X-gal staining after transfecting and transplantation into adult brains, and they could incorporate into the host brain tissues and no disruption was observed. These cells showed good compatibility with the host brains., Conclusion: The results indicate that ADSCs could incorporate into host brains and express exogenous gene steadily when they were transplanted into adult brain tissues, no overproliferation and gliosis were identified, and ADSCs may be used as a therapeutic gene delivery vehicle in treating CNS disorders in humans.

Objective: To investigate the culture method of skin-derived precursors (SKPs) and to explore a new cell source for cell transplantation of central nervous system., Methods: Cells from skins of juvenile and adult mice were isolated and cultured in serum-free medium. A mechanical method was chosen to passage these cells and they were identified by the immunocytochemistry assay., Results: SKPs could be isolated from adult and neonatal skins. They could be maintained in vitro for long periods with stable proliferation, and expanded as undifferentiated cells in culture for more than 12 passages. About 50% of SKPs expressed nestin and majority of these cells expressed fibronectin when they were plated on polyornithine and laminin coated plates. About 5% cells showed neuronal differentiation and expressed neurofilament-M (NF-M) and NSE when SKPs were plated in serum-containing medium, and these cells could also differentiate into adipocytes and fibroblast-like cells., Conclusions: The data support the hypothesis that adult skin contains stem cells capable of differentiating into neurons, adipocytes, and fibroblast-like cells. They may represent an alternative autologous stem cell source for CNS cell transplantation.

Objective: To explore the culture conditions of human neural stem cells and to investigate the ultrastructure of neurospheres., Methods: The cells from the embryonic human cortices were mechanically dissociated. N2 medium was adapted to culture and expand the cells. The cells were identified by immunocytochemistry and EM was applied to examine the ultrastructure of neurospheres., Results: The neural stem cells from human embryonic brains were successfully cultured and formed typical neurospheres in suspension, and most of the cells expressed vimentin, which was a marker for neural progenitor cells, and the cells could differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In vitro myelin formation in neurospheres were observed at an early stage of culture., Conclusions: Human neural stem cells can be cultured from embryonic brains, can form the typical neurospheres in suspension in vitro and have the ability of myelinating, and may be potential source for transplantation in treating myelin disorders.