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Previous studies have found that miR-335 is highly expressed in type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) models and is related to insulin secretion, but there are few studies on the regulatory effects of miR-335-3p on insulin resistance and macrophage polarization in T2DM patients. This study aims to explore the effects of miR-335-3p on insulin resistance and macrophage polarization in T2DM patients. Blood glucose (insulin tolerance tests, glucose tolerance tests) and body weight of the T2DM model were measured; macrophages from adipose tissue were isolated and cultured, and the number of macrophages was detected by F4/80 immunofluorescence assay; the Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay and Western blot assay were used to detect the miR-335-3p expression levels, insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF-1), M1-polarizing genes (inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS] and TNF-α) as well as M2-polarizing genes (IL-10 and ARG-1). The targeting link between miR335-3p and IGF-1 was confirmed using bioinformatics and dual luciferase assay. The results showed that miR-335-3p expression level in adipose tissue of the T2DM model was significantly decreased, and the mice’s body weight and blood glucose levels dropped considerably, miR-335-3p inhibited the number of macrophages, inhibiting the iNOS and TNF-α relative mRNA expression levels, and up-regulated the IL-10 and ARG-1 relative mRNA expression levels, miR-335-3p negatively regulated target gene IGF-1, IGF-1 significantly increased the iNOS and TNF-α mRNA and protein expression levels, decreasing the IL-10 and ARG-1 mRNA and protein expression levels, indicating that miR-335-3p could affect the T2DM process by regulating macrophage polarization via IGF-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preterm labor, one of the common pathological phenomena during pregnancy, necessitates prompt and accurate detection to safeguard the health of both pregnant women and newborns. This study focused on placental alkaline phosphatase, a pregnancy-specific enzyme, and its potential role in identifying preterm labor. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between placental alkaline phosphatase, placental maturity, the nutritional status of newborns, and its utility in evaluating preterm labor. A total of 85 pregnant women with singleton pregnancy of more than 15 weeks of gestation admitted to our hospital from March 2022 to May 2023 were selected as study subjects. Our study revealed a positive correlation between PLAP levels and both gestational age and placental maturity (P < 0.05). Our findings indicated that with an increase in gestational age and placental maturity, there was a corresponding increase in placental alkaline phosphatase levels. However, there were no differences in placental alkaline phosphatase between pregnant women of Grade III and Grade II in terms of placental maturity (P > 0.05). There was a significant increase in placental alkaline phosphatase levels among pregnant women who gave birth prematurely (P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that placental alkaline phosphatase had an excellent effect on the evaluation of preterm labor (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in placental alkaline phosphatase between the pregnant women with and without postpartum complications (P > 0.05). Lastly, placental alkaline phosphatase was found to have an inverse relationship with levels of neonatal albumin and transferrin levels (P < 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]