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Chromatin loops (or chromatin interactions) are important elements of chromatin structures. Disruption of chromatin loops is associated with many diseases, such as cancer and polydactyly. A few methods, including ChIA-PET, HiChIP and PLAC-Seq, have been proposed to detect high-resolution, specific protein-mediated chromatin loops. With rapid progress in 3D genomic research, ChIA-PET, HiChIP and PLAC-Seq datasets continue to accumulate, and effective collection and processing for these datasets are urgently needed. Here, we developed a comprehensive, multispecies and specific protein-mediated chromatin loop database (ChromLoops, https://3dgenomics.hzau.edu.cn/chromloops), which integrated 1030 ChIA-PET, HiChIP and PLAC-Seq datasets from 13 species, and documented 1 491 416 813 high-quality chromatin loops. We annotated genes and regions overlapping with chromatin loop anchors with rich functional annotations, such as regulatory elements (enhancers, super-enhancers and silencers), variations (common SNPs, somatic SNPs and eQTLs), and transcription factor binding sites. Moreover, we identified genes with high-frequency chromatin interactions in the collected species. In particular, we identified genes with high-frequency interactions in cancer samples. We hope that ChromLoops will provide a new platform for studying chromatin interaction regulation in relation to biological processes and disease.

A total of 55 volatiles including esters (29, 52.73%), alcohols (10, 18.18%), acids (3, 5.45%), alkanes (8, 14.55%), and other components (5, 9.09%) were evaluated in five regions. Total concentrations were 0.05–222.23 mg/L, which covered the highest esters (222.23 mg/L) and alcohols (120.65 mg/L) in Turpan, acid (0.53 mg/L) in Shihezi, and alkanes (1.43 mg/L) and others (3.10 mg/L) in the Ili River valley. It proved that numbers and concentrations of volatile compounds, including common ingredients of variety, were closely linked to ecological characteristics of a region. Esters and alcohols were the major ingredients in Xinjiang Cabernet Sauvignon wine. Additionally, appellation could affect performance of concentration, ODE, and OTH, especially for the same flavor substance by fermentation, aging, and even formation and transformation in wines. Therefore, three conditions for formation of flavors were successively appellations, metabolism and fermentation, and and appropriate altering according to technology and their decisive role in wine quality. Each volatile compound had its own flavor, the combination of which complicated the flavor. The unique materials in the region were grounded for the development of products with corresponding flavors by producing substrate for fermentation. When choosing a wine you enjoy, the right appellation should be considered first.

This paper presents a novel distributed voltage control method for multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) systems based on the average consensus algorithm. The proposed method combines the idea of secondary integral voltage control and regulator synchronization problem. It realizes adjustable tradeoff between two conflicting control objectives, that is, voltage regulation and power sharing. The proposed control algorithm only needs a low-bandwidth communication between two adjacent voltage source converters (VSCs) and local information to work effectively. Moreover, regarding the system dynamic response, a parameter tuning method for the proposed controller is provided to achieve the fastest convergence of the distributed control algorithm. This paper also develops a small-signal dynamic model for VSC-MTDC systems with distributed controllers to evaluate the system dynamic performance. The proposed method is validated by time-domain simulation of a 4-terminal VSC-MTDC system. The simulation results show that flexible tradeoff between voltage regulation and power sharing can be achieved under necessary constraints on the DC bus voltages and power sharing ratio.

The TLRs of teleost fishes have distinct features and are highly diverse, but the duplication characteristics and expression patterns of the tlr22 gene remain unclear. Here, we identified paralogous tlr22 genes in 13 teleost fishes by screening available fish genomic resources and using molecular cloning. We then conducted comprehensive bioinformatics analyses and investigated spatiotemporal differences in the expression patterns of the tlr22 genes in G. eckloni. The results indicated that more than three paralogous tlr22 genes were possessed by some teleost fishes. Of these, tlr22c is specific to some subfamilies of the Cyprinidae (e.g., Barbinae, Cyprininae, Schizothoracinae, and Leuciscinae). Phylogenetic and syntenic analyses showed that the paralogous tlr22 genes originated from two single-gene duplication events. Molecular clock calculations dated the two gene duplication events at 49.5 and 39.3 MYA, which is before the common carp-specific genome duplication event and well after the fish-specific genome duplication. Gene duplication of tlr22 was followed by gene loss or pseudogene events in certain lineages. Spatiotemporal expression differences between the three duplicated tlr22 genes from G. eckloni suggested that these genes diverged functionally after gene duplication.

It is well known that liver cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. Andrographolide (AD), a major bioactive component of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.), is a potential anti-cancer pharmacophore and the synthesis of AD derivatives with better cytotoxicity to cancer cells has attracted considerable attentions. In the present study, we evaluated the in vivo inhibitory effects of ADN-9, a 15-benzylidene substituted derivative of AD, on the growth and metastasis of murine hepatoma H22 using an orthotopic xenograft model and a subcutaneous xenograft model, and we further studied the anti-angiogenic action and the related mechanisms of ADN-9 in vivo and in vitro. Importantly, ADN-9 remarkably suppressed the growth and metastasis of both orthotopic and subcutaneous xenograft tumors, and the serum AFP level in orthotopic hepatoma-bearing mice treated with 100mg/kg ADN-9 (ig.) was decreased to the normal level. We also found that ADN-9 showed stronger abilities than AD in shrinking tumors, suppressing the invasion and metastasis of H22 cells, decreasing the MVD and promoting tumor cell apoptosis in subcutaneous xenograft of mice. Additionally, ADN-9 exhibited stronger inhibitory activity than AD against the migration and VEGF-induced capillary-like tube formation in HUVECs, which was further proved to be associated with attenuating VEGF/VEGFR2/AKT signaling pathway. The present research provides the first evidence that a 15-substituted AD derivative is more promising than the parent compound in therapeutic treatment of liver cancer.

In order to improve the utilization value of the by-product of mulberry, the remaining residue of mulberry wine was used as raw materials to extract anthocyanins from the residue of mulberry wine by enzymatic method, and the response surface method was used to optimize the extraction process. Firstly, the single factor experiment was carried out by controlling four factors: liquid-solid ratio, extraction time, temperature and pH value. Then, Box-Behnken was used to design a three-factor, three-level experiment. Finally, the response surface method was used to optimize the extraction process. The results showed that the optimal extraction process of pectinase was the liquid-solid ratio of 1:20, the extraction time was 58 min, the pH was 5.90 and the extraction temperature was 45 °C, and the extraction effect was the best. The highest anthocyanin content in the extract was 6.040 mg/g.

A novel colorimetric and off–on fluorescent chemosensor which contained a strong electron-withdrawing group was synthesized. As expected, the chemosensor exhibited high selectivity and excellent sensitivity in both absorbance and fluorescence detection of Fe3+ (Θ (CH3OH, H2O) = 3/7, 1 mM Tris–HCl buffer, pH = 7.40). Upon addition of Fe3+, the solution of the chemosensor resulted in a color change from colorless to obvious pink. These significant changes in color could be used for naked-eye detection. Furthermore, fluorescence imaging experiments of Fe3+ ions in living MGC-803 cells demonstrated its value of practical applications in biological systems.

For a Software Defined Network (SDN), security is an important factor affecting its large-scale deployment. The existing security solutions for SDN mainly focus on the controller itself, which has to handle all the security protection tasks by using the programmability of the network. This will undoubtedly involve a heavy burden for the controller. More devastatingly, once the controller itself is attacked, the entire network will be paralyzed. Motivated by this, this paper proposes a novel security protection architecture for SDN. We design a security service orchestration center in the control plane of SDN, and this center physically decouples from the SDN controller and constructs SDN security services. We adopt virtualization technology to construct a security meta-function library, and propose a dynamic security service composition construction algorithm based on web service composition technology. The rule-combining method is used to combine security meta-functions to construct security services which meet the requirements of users. Moreover, the RETE algorithm is introduced to improve the efficiency of the rule-combining method. We evaluate our solutions in a realistic scenario based on OpenStack. Substantial experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our solutions that contribute to achieve the effective security protection with a small burden of the SDN controller.

Based on a through bond energy transfer (TBET) between rhodamine and naphthalimide fluorophores, a fluorescent ratiometric chemosensor L was designed and prepared for highly selective detection of Fe 3+ in aqueous solution and in living EC109 cells. These significant changes in the fluorescence color could be used for naked-eye detection. The reversibility established the potential of the probe as chemosensor for Fe 3+ detection.

In order to cluster and identify 10 varieties of Chuxiong population of Camellia reticulata Lindl., the difference of DNA among the 10 varieties was detected by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and then hierarchical cluster and principal component analysis based on average spectra of DNA was used to establish standard clustering and identifying model. The result indicated that (1) DNA fingerprints based on FTIR of the 10 varieties are different from each other, which is also supported by variance analysis (p

Based on fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) between rhodamine and a naphthalimide fluorophore, a new ratiometric chemosensor L was synthesized and characterized. L exhibited high selectivity and excellent sensitivity in both absorbance and fluorescence detection of Hg2+ in aqueous solution with a broad pH span (1–10). The coordination of L with Hg2+ was chemically and partially reversible. The significant changes in the fluorescence color could be used for naked-eye detection. Furthermore, fluorescence imaging experiments of Hg2+ in living EC 109 cells demonstrated its value of practical applications in biological systems.

A novel rhodamine-based fluorescent probe L2 with two “S” groups was synthesized and characterized. As expected, L2 exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity for Hg2+ over other commonly coexistent metal ions. Its selectivity is excellent, and the detection limit was measured to be 1 ppm. The significant changes in the fluorescence color could be used for naked-eye detection. Furthermore, fluorescence imaging experiments of Hg2+ ions in living EC-109 cells demonstrated its value of practical applications in biological systems.

For Software Defined Network(SDN), security is an important factor which affects its large-scale deployment. The existing security solutions for SDN mainly focus on the controller itself, which has to handle all the security protection task by using the programmability of network. It will undoubtedly bring the heavy burden to the controller. More devastating, once the controller itself is attacked, the entire network will be paralyzed. Motivated by this, this paper proposes a novel security protection architecture for SDN. We design a security service orchestration center in the control plane of SDN. This center physically decouples from SDN controller, and thus constructs SDN security service to defense security threats. In particular, we set up a security meta-function base which can be used for security service composition in a rule engine. The rule engine can be realized by using the optimized rule composition algorithms. Finally, a series of experimental results show that the proposed security protection architecture for SDN can achieve effective security protection with small burden of controller.

The excessive accumulation of hypochlorite could cause tissue damage and a range of diseases. However, the exact role of hypochlorite in biological activity remains elusive. In many of the reported probes for hypochlorite, DMSO which is an efficient HOCl and •OH scavenger was used as solvent. Besides, no fluorescent probes have been reported to quantify the accumulation of HOCl in living cells and in vivo. In order to reach this purpose, in this study, we report two mitochondria-targeted probes (L1 and L2) for detecting ClO−. These probes which were easy to be synthesized, shown high sensitivity and fast response (within 3 min) to ClO−. Fluorescent imaging of probes in MCF-7 cells and in zebrafish indicated that L1/L2 could be used for detecting ClO− in living cells and organisms. ClO− could also be used as a dual input logic gate for L1 and L2. Probe L2 could be used to monitor oxidative stress-related biological processes in nude mice.

A new rhodamine-based chemodosimeter( L2 ) was synthesized and characterized, which contained a tosyl group acted as a strong electron acceptor. As expected, L2 exhibited high selectivity and excellent sensitivity in both absorbance and fluorescence detection of Hg 2+ in aqueous solution. The coordination of L2 with Hg 2+ was chemically nonreversible and it was based on the fact that Hg 2+ exhibited a strong thiophilic affinity. Addition of Hg 2+ to an ethanol aqueous solution of L2 resulted in a color change from color-less to obvious pink color, these significant changes in color could be used for naked-eye detection. Furthermore, fluorescence imaging experiments of Hg 2+ ions in living MGC803 cells demonstrated its value of practical applications in biological systems.

Crowdsourcing quality of experience (QoE) evaluation for multimedia are more cost effective and flexible than traditional in-lab evaluations, and it has gradually caused extensive concern. In this paper, we start from the concept, characteristics and challenges of crowdsourcing QoE evaluation for multimedia, and then summarize the current research progresses including some key technologies in a crowdsourceable QoE evaluation framework. Finally, we point out the open research problems to be solved and the future trends.

A naked-eye fluorescent chemodosimeter based on rhodamine-pyridazine conjugate L was synthesized and characterized. L exhibited high selectivity and excellent sensitivity in both absorbance and fluorescence detection of Cu(2+) in aqueous solution with a broad pH span (1-10). The detection limit of the probe was shown to be up to 0.336 ppm. A simple paper test-strip system for the rapid monitoring of Cu(2+) was developed, indicating its convenient use in environmental samples. Furthermore, fluorescence imaging experiments of Cu(2+) in living MGC803 cells demonstrated its value of practical applications in biological systems.

Based on a through bond energy transfer (TBET) between rhodamine and naphthalimide fluorophores, a fluorescent ratiometric chemosensor L was designed and prepared for highly selective detection of Fe(3+) in aqueous solution and in living EC109 cells. These significant changes in the fluorescence color could be used for naked-eye detection. The reversibility established the potential of the probe as chemosensor for Fe(3+) detection.

As a kind of radioactive gas, radon has the characteristics of radioactive decay and statistical fluctuation. The radon concentration is always in a dynamic changing process, it is difficult to implement the accurate control. In order to make the radon chamber keep a stability radon concentration, a fuzzy radon replenishment control model based on Takagi-Sugeno model is proposed. According to the idea of Takagi-Sugeno model, a two-dimensional fuzzy controller include two inputs and single output is designed. The input variables of this fuzzy controller is E and EC, E is the deviation between the actual concentration and expected radon concentration, EC is the change rate of radon concentration. the output variable of controller is U that used to control the valve of radon source. The fuzzy control rule of radon concentration is build by reasoning machine. The accurate control output variable is obtained by anti-fuzzy method and be used to control the valve state radon source. A radon chamber control system is developed by Labview based on the fuzzy control model. The experimental results show that the fuzzy control method improve the robustness of dynamic radon replenishment.

By using the fixed point index theory and Krein-Rutman theorem, the existence of positive solutions for multi-point boundary value problems of fractional differential equations is obtained.Our result extends some of the existent results. An example is given to illustrate our results.