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BackgroundVitamins A and D are essential for the health of pregnant women and infants. Nevertheless, the relationship between umbilical cord blood vitamins A and D levels and the physical growth of exclusively breastfed infants remains uncertain.ObjectiveThis cohort study aims to examine the relationship between cord blood vitamins A and D levels and the physical growth of exclusively breastfed infants aged 0–6 months.Methods140 singleton mother–infant pairs were recruited in total. Questionnaires were used to collect maternal and infant information, and liquid chromatography was utilized to quantify the levels of vitamins A and D in the umbilical cord blood. Anthropometric measurements were conducted at birth, at 3 and 6 months of age, and the weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), length-for-age z-score (LAZ), head circumference-for-age z-score (HAZ), and BMI-for-age z-score (BMIZ) were calculated. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used for the analysis.ResultsThe average concentration of vitamins A and D in cord blood was 0.58 ± 0.20 μmol/L and 34.07 ± 13.35 nmol/L, both below the normal range for children. After adjusting for confounding factors, vitamin A levels in cord blood positively correlated with HAZ growth in infants aged 3–6 months (β= 0.75, P < 0.01) while vitamin D levels negatively correlated with LAZ growth (β= −0.01, P = 0.01) and positively correlated with BMIZ growth (β= 0.02, P < 0.01).ConclusionHigher Vitamin A levels at birth promote HAZ growth in infants aged 3–6 months while higher vitamin D levels at birth promote BMIZ growth in infants aged 3–6 months.Clinical trial registrationhttps://register.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04017286.

Cognitive dysfunction stands as a prevalent and consequential non-motor manifestation in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although dysfunction of the olfactory system has been recognized as an important predictor of cognitive decline, the exact mechanism by which aberrant olfactory circuits contribute to cognitive dysfunction in PD is unclear. Here, we provide the first evidence for abnormal functional connectivity across olfactory bulb (OB) and piriform cortex (PC) or entorhinal cortex (EC) by clinical fMRI, and dysfunction of neural coherence in the olfactory system in PD mice. Moreover, we discovered that 2 subpopulations of mitral/tufted (M/T) cells in OB projecting to anterior PC (aPC) and EC precisely mediated the process of cognitive memory respectively by neural coherence at specific frequencies in mice. In addition, the transcriptomic profiling analysis and functional genetic regulation analysis further revealed that biorientation defective 1 (Bod1) may play a pivotal role in encoding OBM/T-mediated cognitive function. We also verified that a new deep brain stimulation protocol in OB ameliorated the cognitive function of Bod1-deficient mice and PD mice. Together, aberrant coherent activity in the olfactory system can serve as a biomarker for assessing cognitive function and provide a candidate therapeutic target for the treatment of PD.

Background: Parental Educational Attainment and children’s 24-h behaviors significantly influenced children’s hyperactivity symptoms. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of children’s 24-h behavior changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic between Parental Educational Attainment and children’s hyperactivity index. It also aimed to investigate the associations between Children’s Physical Activity, digital media use, sleep, and hyperactivity index between two clusters of Parental Educational Attainments. The goal was to provide targeted behavioral optimization recommendations for caregivers to reduce the risk of children’s hyperactivity. Methods: The study was a collaborative extension of the International iPreschooler Surveillance Study Among Asians and otheRs project and the Chinese Children and Adolescent Sports Health Promotion Action Project. The Parent-Surveillance of Digital Media in Childhood Questionnaire® and the Abbreviated Rating Scales from the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire were used to measure Parental Educational Attainment, children’s behavior changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, and hyperactivity indexes. A total of 11,190 parents of 6-to-12-year-old children completed the online surveys in mainland China. A structural equation model was established by using Smart-PLS, and the linear regression model, and isotemporal substitution models were established by using a Compositional Data Analysis package with R program to achieve the research objectives. Results: Changes in children’s 24-h behaviors due to the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant mediation effect on the negative associations between Parental Educational Attainment and children’s hyperactivity index (β = 0.018, T = 4.521, p < 0.001) with a total effect (β = −0.046, T = 4.521, p < 0.001) and a direct effect (β = −0.064, T = 6.330, p < 0.001). Children’s Digital Media use was significantly and negatively associated with hyperactivity index among all children. Reallocated time from digital media use to both sleep and physical activity decreased the hyperactivity index, and vice-versa. For parents without tertiary education (R2 = 0.09, p < 0.001), sleep was significantly and negatively associated with the hyperactivity index (βilr-CSL = −0.06, p < 0.001); for parents with tertiary education (R2 = 0.07, p < 0.001), physical activity was significantly and negatively associated with the hyperactivity index (βilr-CPA = −0.05, p < 0.001), and sleep was significantly and positively associated with the hyperactivity index (βilr-CSL = 0.03, p < 0.001). A significant increase in the hyperactivity index was detected when physical activity time was reallocated to sleep, with a significant decrease in the opposite direction. Conclusions: Parental Educational Attainment and children’s 24-h behaviors directly influenced children’s hyperactivity index. However, a purposeful and targeted optimization of children’s 24-h behaviors—namely, physical activity, digital media use, and sleep—could assist parents with different educational attainments to reduce their children’s hyperactivity index and mitigate the risk of hyperactivity.

BackgroundHeart failure is a common cardiovascular disease that imposes a heavy clinical and economic burden worldwide. Previous research and guidelines have supported exercise training as a safe, effective, and cost-efficient treatment to intervene in heart failure. The aim of this study was to analyze the global published literature in the field of exercise training for heart failure from 2002 to 2022, and to identify hot spots and frontiers within this research field.MethodsBibliometric information on literature on the topic of exercise training for heart failure published between 2002 and 2022 was searched and collected in the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace 6.1.R6 (Basic) and VOSviewer (1.6.18) were applied to perform bibliometric and knowledge mapping visualization analyses.ResultsA total of 2017 documents were retrieved, with an upward-stable trend in the field of exercise training for heart failure. The US authors were in the first place with 667 documents (33.07%), followed by Brazilian authors (248, 12.30%) and Italian authors (182, 9.02%). The Universidade de São Paulo in Brazil was the institution with the highest number of publications (130, 6.45%). The top 5 active authors were all from the USA, with Christopher Michael O'Connor and William Erle Kraus publishing the most documents (51, 2.53%). The International Journal of Cardiology (83, 4.12%) and the Journal of Applied Physiology (78, 3.87%) were the two most popular journals, while Cardiac Cardiovascular Systems (983, 48.74%) and Physiology (299, 14.82%) were the two most popular categories. Based on the results of keyword co-occurrence network and co-cited reference network, the hot spots and frontiers of research in the field of exercise training for heart failure were high-intensity interval training, behaviour therapy, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and systematic reviews.ConclusionThe field of exercise training for heart failure has experienced two decades of steady and rapid development, and the findings of this bibliometric analysis provide ideas and references for relevant stakeholders such as subsequent researchers for further exploration.

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) signaling promotes lipogenesis. However, mTOR inhibitors also displayed a significant side effect of hyperlipidemia. Thus, it is essential to develop mTOR-specific inhibitors to inhibit lipogenesis. Here, we screened the endogenous inhibitors of mTOR, and identified that FKBP38 as a vital regulator of lipid metabolism. FKBP38 decreased the lipid content in vitro and in vivo via suppression of the mTOR/P70S6K/SREBPs pathway. 3,5,6,7,8,3ʹ,4ʹ-Heptamethoxyflavone (HMF), a citrus flavonoid, was found to target FKBP38 to suppress the mTOR/P70S6K/SREBPs pathway, reduce lipid level, and potently ameliorate hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Our findings suggest that pharmacological intervention by targeting FKBP38 to suppress mTOR/P70S6K/SREBPs pathway is a potential therapeutic strategy for hyperlipidemia, and HMF could be a leading compound for development of anti-hyperlipidemia drugs.

Vaccination remains the most effective and cost-saving measure to protect against hepatitis B, a global health problem. It is crucial to characterize the persistence of the immune response after booster vaccination. This study aimed to quantify the persistence through mathematical modeling. Booster vaccination against hepatitis B was conducted in children 5–15 years in 2009–10 in Zhejiang Province. There were four dosage formulations of hepatitis B vaccines [Shenzhenkangtai Biotechnology Co. Ltd. Dalianhanxin Biotechnology Co. Ltd. NCPC GeneTech Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Sinovac Biotech Co. LTD. China]: 5, 10, and 20 μg hepatitis B vaccines or 5 μg hepatitis A and B (HAB) combination vaccine with a 0-1-6-month schedule. These were randomly administered to children negative for all hepatitis B markers, named as the schedule 2 group. Anti-HBs positive subjects were given one dose of booster, named as the schedule 1 group. Anti-HBs antibody was measured 1, 7, 18, 66, and 102 months after the first booster dose. A linear mixed-effects model was proposed to predict long-term persistence. One hundred two months after the booster dose, the mean anti-HBs levels were 33.8 mIU/mL, with 73.7 mIU/mL for the schedule 1 group and 20.2 mIU/mL for the schedule 2 group. The model predicted that 99.5% of subjects would remain seropositive (≥10mIU/mL) at year 20 post booster vaccination, with 100.0% and 98.8% for the schedule 1 group and the schedule 2 group, respectively, whereas at year 30, the seropositivity rates would decrease to 76.8%, with 99.4% for the schedule 1 group and 62.5% for the schedule 2 group. The immunogenicity of the booster vaccination could persist for at least 8 years. Mathematical modeling may predict even longer, up to 30 years of protection.

Debate continues regarding the need for a booster vaccination in children who received a universal infant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination. The aim was to explore the need and the strategies for the booster HBV vaccination. 8-year prospective cohort study was conducted among children aged 5–15 years in 2009–2010 in Zhejiang Province. The participants were divided into groups A (

Atractylodes macrocephala rhizome (called Bái-zhú in China) has a long history as a functional food and herbal medicine in East Asia, especially China. Sesquiterpenoids are one of the main active compounds of Atractylodes macrocephala rhizome. This study aimed to explore the unknown sesquiterpenoids of A. macrocephala rhizome using a molecular networking strategy. Two new nitrogen-containing sesquiterpenoids, atractylenolactam A (1) and atractylenolactam B (2), and 2 new sesquiterpene lactones, 8-methoxy-atractylenolide V (6) and 15-acetoxyl atractylenolide III (7), along with 12 known analogs (3-5 and 8-16) were discovered and isolated. All the structures were assigned based on detailed spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configurations of 1, 2, 6, and 7 were established by time-dependent density functional theory ECD (TDDFT-ECD) calculations. All these compounds had different degrees of concentration-dependent activating effects on nuclear-factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2).

Objective To analyze the effect of continuous intravenous injection of different doses on dexmedetomidine on the recovery period of general anesthesia in patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Methods A total of 120 patients with thyroidectomy admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from November 2017 to November 2019 were randomly divided into a control group (60 patients) with continuous intravenous injection of 0.8 μg/kg dexmedetomidine. The observation group (60 patients) were given 0.4 μg/kg dexmedetomidine. The SBP, DBP, HR, Ramsay, VAS score, arousal index and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups at different time periods. Results The scores of SBP, DBP, HR and VAS, the incidence of nausea, vomiting, laryngospasm and choking cough in the observation group were not different from those in the control group at different time periods. The Ramsay scores of the observation group at different time periods were significantly lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05). The time of eye opening, extubation and directional force recovery in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P＜0.05). The incidence of bradycardia in the observation group was 1.67%, which was significantly lower than that in the control group(6.68%) (P＜0.05). Conclusions 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg dexmedetomidine can maintain hemodynamic stability in the recovery period of general anesthesia in patients undergoing thyroid surgery, but 0.8 μg/kg has more sedative effect and higher incidence of bradycardia, so it is recommended to use 0.4 μg/kg dexmedetomidine.

Pterygium is a common conjunctival disease which is mainly attributed to chronic ultraviolet light exposure. Previous studies have focused primarily on the clinical characteristics, surgical management and the pathogenesis of pterygium, but the differences between primary pterygium and recurrent pterygium have been less frequently documented. This article reviews the differences in clinical manifestations, histopathological findings, and laboratory parameters between primary pterygium and recurrent pterygium and summarises the latest findings regarding these differences.

Abstract Background Vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) is a highly conserved protein complex which hydrolyzes ATP and pumps protons to acidify vacuolar vesicles. Beyond its role in pH maintenance, the involvement of V-ATPase in endocytosis is well documented in mammals and plants but is less clear in Trypanosoma brucei. Methods In this study, the subcellular localization of V-ATPase subunit B (TbVAB) of T. brucei was assessed via in situ N-terminal YFP-tagging and immunofluorescence assays. Transgenic bloodstream forms (BSF) of T. brucei were generated which comprised either a V-ATPase subunit B (TbVAB) conditional knockout or a V-ATPase subunit A (TbVAA) knockdown. Acridine orange and BCECF-AM were employed to assess the roles of V-ATPase in the pH regulation of BSF T. brucei. The endocytic activities of three markers were also characterized by flow cytometry analyses. Furthermore, trypanosomes were counted from trypanolysis treatment groups (either containing 1% or 5% NHS) and endocytosed trypanosome lytic factor (TLF) was also analyzed by an immunoblotting assay. Results TbVAB was found to localize to acidocalcisomes, lysosomes and probably also to endosomes of BSF of T. brucei and was demonstrated to be essential for cell growth. TbVAB depletion neutralized acidic organelles at 24 hours post-tetracycline depletion (hpd), meanwhile the steady state intracellular pH increased from 7.016 ± 0.013 to 7.422 ± 0.058. Trypanosomes with TbVAB depletion at 24 hpd were found to take up more transferrin (2.068 ± 0.277 fold) but less tomato lectin (49.31 ± 22.57%) by endocytosis, while no significant change was detected in dextran uptake. Similar endocytic dysregulated phenotypes were also observed in TbVAA knockdown cells. In addition, TbVAB depleted trypanosomes showed a low uptake of TLF and exhibited less sensitive to lysis in both 1% and 5% NHS treatments. Conclusions TbVAB is a key component of V-ATPase and was found to play a key function in endocytosis as well as exhibiting different effects in a receptor/cargo dependent manner in BSF of T. brucei. Besides vacuolar alkalinization, the dysregulation of endocytosis in TbVAB depleted T. brucei is considered to contribute to the reduced sensitivity to lysis by normal human serum.

Cervical cancer (CC) is among the most prevalent cancers among female populations with high recurrence rates all over the world. Cisplatin (DDP) is the first-line treatment for multiple cancers, including CC. The main problem associated with its clinical application is drug resistance. This study is aimed at investigating the function and downstream regulation mechanism of forkhead-box A1 (FOXA1) in CC, which was verified as an oncogene in several cancers. Using GEO database and bioinformatics analysis, we identified FOXA1 as a possible oncogene in CC. Silencing of FOXA1 inhibited CC cell growth, invasion, and chemoresistance. Afterwards, the downstream gene of FOXA1 was predicted using a bioinformatics website and validated using ChIP and dual-luciferase assays. SIX4, a possible target of FOXA1, promoted CC cell malignant aggressiveness and chemoresistance. In addition, overexpression of SIX4 promoted phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT proteins and activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Further overexpression of SIX4 reversed the repressive effects of FOXA1 knockdown on CC cell growth, invasion, and chemoresistance in DDP-resistant cells. FOXA1-induced SIX4 facilitates CC progression and chemoresistance, highlighting a strong potential for FOXA1 to serve as a promising therapeutic target in CC.

By hydrothermal method, porous TiO2 spheres with pompon morphology are successfully synthesized in the tetrabutyl titanate (TBT)–acetic acid (HAc) system with no other additives. The morphological, structural and textural properties of the specimen are figured out by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption/desorption, and fluorescence microscope. The results show the pompon-like morphology of porous TiO2 with high specific surface area and large pore volume, which can be used as a drug carrier. In this paper, doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) is chosen as drug model to understand the process of drug release. And results indicate that the porous TiO2 is biocompatible and can be used for continuing drug-release, which shows lots of possibilities in medical fields.

To clarify the control effect of Xylocoris flavipes on pests in simulated warehouses and on storage pests in high temperature and high humidity areas,the X.flavipes are put into the simulated warehouse with the temperature of 28±1 ℃ and humidity 50±10%,in a certain amount.The results showed that after 3 months the effects of controlling the four kinds of storage pests were more than 70%.The benefit-to-harm ratio has no significant influence on the storage of pests.The control effect of X.flavipes on four pests was Oryzaephilus surinamensis＞Liposcelis bostrychophilus＞Cryptolestes ferrugineus＞Tribolium castaneum.In the district with high temperature and high humidity,the effects of controlling storage pests by X.flavipes are significant,which can effectively control pest outbreaks.Biological control of storage pests has the advantages of low cost and non-pollution,and can provide a new effective method to control storage pest.

This paper investigated the influence of deep cryogenic treatments (DCT) on the tensile strength, elongation to fracture and conductivity of a deformation-processed Cu-Ni-Co-Si alloy. The tensile properties were measured using a mechanical testing machine. The conductivity was evaluated using a low-resistance tester. The microstructure and precipitated phases were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The tensile strength, elongation to fracture and conductivity of the Cu-1.34Ni-1.02Co-0.61Si alloy before and after cold rolling at 47% reduction increased with increasing DCT time and tended to be stable at about 36 h. The microstructure became more uniform after the DCT. The grain size was refined and was smallest after DCT for 48 h. The DCT promoted the precipitation of the solid solution elements Ni, Co and Si from the Cu matrix to form many fine and evenly distributed 20–70 nm spherical second-phase particles in the grains and grain boundaries.

Purpose. To investigate the effects of pterygium on corneal cell and nerve density in patients with unilateral pterygium using in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 24 patients with unilateral pterygium who were treated in the Department of Ophthalmology of the Second People’s Hospital of Wuxi City from April 2018 to July 2018 were analyzed. Each eye with pterygium and its fellow eye were imaged by LSCM. The density of basal corneal epithelial cells, anterior stromal cells, posterior stromal cells, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells in pterygium and adjacent clear cornea was measured. In the fellow eyes, the central cornea, nasal cornea, nasal mid-peripheral cornea, and temporal cornea were imaged. The difference in the density of cells and subepithelial nerve fibers in different corneal regions of eyes with pterygium was analyzed. The cell and nerve density of the fellow cornea were also measured to exclude the influencing factors. Results. The density of corneal basal epithelial cells in the central corneas of eyes with pterygium was 6497 ± 1776 cells/mm2, which was higher than that in the area near the head of pterygium (5580 ± 1294 cells/mm2, P

Summary: Protein-coding genes undergo a wide array of regulatory interactions with factors that engage non-coding regions. Open reading frames (ORFs), in contrast, are thought to be constrained by coding function, precluding a major role in gene regulation. Here, we explore Piwi-interacting (pi)RNA-mediated transgene silencing in C. elegans and show that marked differences in the sensitivity to piRNA silencing map to the endogenous sequences within transgene ORFs. Artificially increasing piRNA targeting within the ORF of a resistant transgene can lead to a partial yet stable reduction in expression, revealing that piRNAs not only silence but can also “tune” gene expression. Our findings support a model that involves a temporal element to mRNA regulation by germline Argonautes, likely prior to translation, and suggest that piRNAs afford incremental control of germline mRNA expression by targeting the body of the mRNA, including the coding region. : Some C. elegans transgenes resist piRNA silencing. Seth et al. map resistance to endogenous sequences within transgenes and show that artificially increasing piRNA targeting can incrementally reduce expression without silencing. Their findings identify coding regions as part of a rich piRNA regulatory landscape within perinuclear nuage. Keywords: C. elegans, Argonautes, piRNAs, nonsense-mediated decay, perinuclear germline nuage, gene expression, P granules