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Variations in the hydrological regime are among the anthropogenic pressures affecting biological assemblage structure in shallow freshwater lakes. We estimated the effects of the water level fluctuation range on the temporal dissimilarity of the macroinvertebrate community by sampling benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages monthly in 2017 and bimonthly in 2018. Then, we applied a boosted regression trees (BRT) model to quantitatively analyzing the relationship between macroinvertebrate abundance and microhabitat factors in different seasons. To distinguish differences in water level fluctuations at the sample site scale, we proposed a variable, namely, the percentage of water level fluctuation range (PWLFR). The results were as follows. (1) An increased water level fluctuation range would lead to more temporally heterogeneous macroinvertebrate communities. Temporal dissimilarity of macroinvertebrates increased linearly in response to increasing water level fluctuation range. (2) Species abundance presented seasonal characteristics, and the dominant factors affecting species abundance varied with the seasons. PWLFR was the dominant variable explaining macroinvertebrate abundance in summer. Macroinvertebrate abundance showed positive effects with increasing PWLFR. (3) The interaction between chlorophyll a and PWLFR in summer promoted an increase in macroinvertebrate abundance. These findings may provide a basis for the formulation of effective ecological water replenishment management decisions aimed at maintaining the stability of shallow lake ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions.

To investigate the effect of long non-coding RNA-TUC338 on the proliferation and migration of lymphoma cells.The expression of TUC338 in different lymphoma cells was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR, cell proliferation by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, migration of lymphoma cells by transwell assay, and protein expression in PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by Western blot.The expression levels of TUC338 in lymphoma cells Daudi, U937, BC-3, and Raji significantly increased in comparison with human normal T lymphocytes H9 (t=13.277, 10.103, 16.200, and 26.687, P=0.002, 0.005, 0.001, and 0.000). Compared with NC-siRNA group, the number of cells crossing the chamber of TUC338-siRNA group was significantly reduced (t=30.508, P=0.000), the protein expression levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT significantly decreased (t=16.872 and 18.371, P=0.000 and 0.000), and ODThe expression of TUC338 significantly increases in lymphoma cells, and silence of TUC338 effectively inhibits the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the proliferation and migration of lymphoma cells, which has a potential application value in diagnosis and treatment of lymphoma.长链非编码RNA-TUC338通过PI3K/AKT信号通路对淋巴瘤细胞迁移和增殖的影响.探讨长链非编码RNA-TUC338对淋巴瘤细胞增殖和迁移的影响.采用荧光定量PCR检测不同淋巴瘤细胞中TUC338表达，磺酰罗丹明B实验检测细胞增殖能力，细胞迁移侵袭实验检测淋巴瘤细胞迁移能力，蛋白免疫印迹实验检测PI3K/AKT信号通路蛋白表达情况.与人正常T淋巴细胞H9相比，淋巴瘤细胞Daudi、U937、BC-3和Raji中TUC338表达水平均明显提高（t=13.277、10.103、16.200和26.687，P=0.002、0.005、0.001和0.000）。与NC-siRNA组相比，TUC338-siRNA组穿过小室细胞数明显减少（t=30.508，P=0.000），p-PI3K和p-AKT蛋白表达量明显下降（t=16.872、18.371，P=0.000、0.000），在24、48和72 h的OD在淋巴瘤细胞中TUC338表达量明显增加，沉默TUC338表达能够有效抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路的激活，进而抑制淋巴瘤细胞的增殖和迁移，在淋巴瘤诊断和治疗中具有潜在应用价值.

To investigate the expression of Circ_cgga162 in serum of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) patients and analyze its potential as a prognostic biomarker.The expression of Circ_cgga162 in 86 cases of mantle cell lymphoma and 50 cases of lymph node reactive hyperplasia (RH) were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The relationship between the expression of Circ_cgga162 and clinicopathological features was analyzed by univariate analysis. The relationship of Circ_cgga162 expression with progression-free survival time and overall survival time was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier. The relationship between expression of Circ_cgga162 and prognosis of patients was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis.The expression level of Circ_cgga162 in MCL patients was significantly higher than that in control (RH) group (P＜0.01). The expression of Circ_cgga162 not correlated with age, gender, B symptoms and LDH (all P＞0.05), but correlated with the expression of MCL International Prognostic Index (IPI), Ann Arbor stage, bone marrow infiltration and Ki67 (all P＜0.05). In addition, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the progression-free survival time and overall survival time of the MCL patients with high expression of Circ_cgga162 were significantly shorter than those of the MCL patients with low expression (P＜0.01). Univariate analysis showed that Ann Arbor stage, Circ_cgga162 expression, MIPI, bone marrow infiltration and Ki67 were the prognostic factors for MCL patients (all P＜0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that Ann Arbor stage, Circ_cgga162 expression and MIPI were independent factors affecting the prognosis of MCL patients (all P＜0.05).Circ_cgga162 is highly expressed in serum of patients MCL, which relates with the prognosis of MCL patients. Circ_cgga162 can be used as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for MCL patients.Circ_cgga162在套细胞淋巴瘤患者中的表达及意义.探讨Circ_cgga162在套细胞淋巴瘤（mantle cell lymphoma，MCL）患者血清中的表达，并分析其作为预后生物标志物的潜力.采用实时定量聚合酶链反应（QRT-PCR）检测86例套细胞淋巴瘤患者和50例淋巴结反应性增生（RH）患者血清中Circ_cgga162的表达，分析Circ_cgga162表达与临床病理特征的关系。使用SPSS软件，采用单因素-生存分析法（Kaplan-Meier）分析Circ_cgga162的表达与患者无进展生存时间及总生存时间之间的关系；单因素及多因素分析Circ_cgga162表达与患者临床预后的关系.MCL患者血清中Circ_cgga162的表达水平明显高于RH组（P＜0.01）。单因素分析提示，Circ_cgga162的表达与患者的年龄、性别、B症状、LDH均无明显关系（P＞0.05）；而与淋巴瘤国际预后指数（MCL International Prognostic Index，IPI）、Ann Arbor分期、骨髓浸润及Ki67的表达均明显相关（P＜0.05）。Kaplan-Meier分析显示，Circ_cgga162高表达患者的无进展生存时间及总生存期明显短于低表达的患者（P＜0.001）。单因素分析提示，Ann Arbor分期、Circ_cgga162表达、MIPI、骨髓浸润及Ki67均是影响MCL患者预后的因素（P＜0.05）；多因素Cox回归分析发现，Ann Arbor分期、Circ_cgga162表达及MIPI均是影响MCL患者预后的独立因素（P＜0.05）.Circ_cgga162在MCL患者组织中高表达，与患者的预后相关，可作为MCL患者潜在的预后标志物和治疗靶点.

Liquid-phase adsorption of Cu2+ ions onto magnetic Fe3O4@graphene oxide (GO) composites, prepared by a co-precipitation approach, has been investigated. This synthesis method is capable of depositing highly crystalline Fe3O4 nanoparticles onto GO sheets. The adsorption temperature and the weight ratio of Fe3O4 nanoparticles to GO sheets are found to be crucial factors affecting the adsorption performance. The pH value of the aqueous solution has a strong influence on the adsorption capacity of Cu2+ ions. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) adsorption models were adopted to fit the adsorption isotherms. The deposition of magnetite enhances the equilibrium rate constant (Langmuir model) and the adsorption energy (D-R model). The analysis of thermodynamic parameters reveals that the adsorption of Cu2+ ions is a favorable and spontaneous process. However, a moderate density of magnetite onto GO substrate is essential for the design of Fe3O4@GO adsorbents for efficient removal of metal ions from an aqueous solution.

The removal of copper ions by magnetic Fe3O4/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite adsorbents, prepared by co-precipitation method, in aqueous solution has been investigated. The influence of magnetite loading (35.5‒64.1 wt.%) onto oxidized CNT support on the adsorption capacity and regeneration efficiency is investigated. The adsorption isotherms of Cu2+ ions are well characterized by Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich models within the temperature range of 303‒323 K. The decoration of magnetic Fe3O4 significantly enhances the removal efficiency, equilibrium rate constant, and adsorption capacity, as analyzed by these models. The appropriate loading of magnetite nanoparticles on the CNT supports not only increases adsorption capacity but also facilitates regeneration efficiency. Accordingly, the Fe3O4/CNT composite can be used as an effective adsorbent for rapid removal of Cu2+ ions from aqueous solution.

This paper presents a one-dimensional superconducting photonic crystal (sc-PhC) refractive index biosensor with high sensitivity which consists of a periodic arrangement of superconductors and semiconductors. The biosensor has high sensitivity and accuracy in the refractive index range of 1.0 to 2.2 RIU below the critical temperature. The resonance wavelength and defect refractive index of the biosensor have a high linear correlation coefficient, and the linear correlation coefficient of all experimental groups in this paper is higher than 0.999. The sensitivity of the biosensor decreases with increasing temperature, and when the external temperature increases from 80K to 134K, the sensitivity decreases from 6.04396μm/RIU to 5.71703μm/RIU gradually. And then, the performance of biosensor in blood component detection is researched by FDTD (finite-difference time-domain) method. The result shows that the sensor has higher sensitivity and shows the same change law in the detection of refractive index changes (1.35RIU-1.47RIU) within a small range such as blood components. When the external temperature is increased from 80K to 134K, the sensitivity of the biosensor gradually decreases from 6.85789μm/RIU to 6.48073μm/RIU.

Objectives To investigate the key surgical points in treating split cord malformations associated with osseous divide and scoliosis (SCM-OD-S). Materials and methods The surgical options and methods of a total of 142 SCM-OD-S cases were retrospectively analyzed, and the surgical precautions and imaging diagnosis were also discussed. Results The 142 patients were performed osseous divide resection plus dural sac molding, which achieved good results and no serious complication such as spinal cord and nerve injury occurred; certain symptoms such as urination-defecation disorders, muscle strength subsidence, Pes Cavus, and toe movement disorder in partial patients achieved various degrees of relief, and it also created good conditions for next-step treatment against scoliosis. Conclusions The diagnosis of SCM-OD mainly depended on imaging inspection, routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with computed tomography (CT) 3D reconstruction, which can comprehensively evaluate the types and features of diastematomyelia as well as other concomitant diseases. SCM alone needed no treatment, but surgery will be the only means of treating SCM-OD. Intraoperatively removing osseous divide step-by-step, as well as carefully freeing the spinal cord and remodeling the dural sac, can lay good foundations for relieving tethered cord, improving neurological symptoms, and further scoliosis orthomorphia, thus particularly exhibiting importance for the growth and development of adolescents.

The coarse aggregate volume fraction in conventional plastic concrete is controlled relatively low to ensure a required workability, but its low aggregate content play negative roll on the service properties of the concrete. In this paper, we revealed the mechanism of a coarse aggregate interlocking concrete prepared by Scattering-Filling Stone Concrete (SFSC), it can keep the fresh concrete its workability but increase its service performance by scattering coarse aggregate during the concrete casting, the experimental and engineering application of SFSC indicated that: the strength of concrete prepared with this method increases obviously whereas the shrinkage decreases significantly when 20% cement dosage is saved. The SFS process was utilized in a highway pavement, the core of the concrete is very dense and no obvious defect could be found when 8% pavement concrete was replaced by coarse aggregate. The SFSC is a type of low carbon concrete.

Longxi Tower is the first time shift of pagoda relics in China. All the following factors increase the difficulty of the shift: long years’ construction, serious aging of its structure, poor integrity, small base area and great height. In the process, we used steel initiative urging support system and reinforced concrete protective tube for Longxi Tower’s reinforcement protection, so as to form a stable entirety. Compared to no protection measures, overturn-preventing calculations and further reinforce protection measures improved the safety factor 6.0 times, thus greatly improving the overturn-preventing ability of Longxi Tower.

We proposed a new approach to determine the minimum ecological lake level using a landscape connectivity approach. Using MIKE 21 and ArcGIS software, we simulated the water landscape and corresponding connectivity of Baiyangdian Lake on the North China Plain and analyzed the relationship between landscape connectivity and lake level. The minimum ecological lake level was defined as the breakpoint of the lake level-connectivity curve. Results suggested that the minimum ecological lake level of Baiyangdian Lake is 7.8&ndash, 8.0 m, below which lake ecosystems become fragmented and potentially fragile. Alternatively, better connectivity at lower lake levels may be achieved by engineered modification of landscape patterns. Such approaches can mitigate the waste of water and economic resources due to excessive reliance on increasing water levels to meet minimum connectivity requirements. This approach provided a new perspective for lake ecosystem restoration of use in water-resource- and landscape management.

A rapid removal method of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas is studied in the present paper at ambient conditions. These capture agents are powers of grain sizes and convenient for injection on H2S gas at the site of accident. The agents are characterized by SEM and N2 adsorption-desorption method, etc. The test on capturing H2S was experimented and the result indicated that the prepared agents can reduce the H2S concentration in the air to a harmless level rapidly.

A new kind of adsorbent is prepared in the present study, which is expected to capture NOx with high efficiency. NaOH, Ca(OH)2, carbide slag, diatomite, activated alumina are chosen as the major material with a small amount of surfactants and dispersants as the additive. Different recipes were characterized by SEM and N2 adsorption-desorption method. The result showed that the optimum adsorbent has the largest surface area of 95.67m2/g which is Ca(OH)2: NaOH: activated alumina=4:1:1. The test on removal of NOx is conducted. The result showed that the adsorbent is capable of removal efficiency exceeding 98% in 10minutes.

SDF-1α, a ligand for the chemokine receptor CXCR4, is well known for mediating the migration of breast cancer cells. In a previous study we demonstrated that a synthetic 21-mer peptide antagonist of CXCR4 (NT21MP) derived from the viral macrophage inflammatory protein II could antagonize tumor growth in vivo by inhibiting cellular proliferation and inducing apoptosis in breast cancer cells. However, the role of SDF-1α in the signaling pathways underlying the proliferation of human breast cancer cells and associated signaling pathways and inhibiting signal pathways of NT21MP remained unclear. The present study investigated the mechanism of NT21MP on anti-tumor in breast cancer in vitro. The effect of NT21MP on the viability of cells was determined by the MTT assay. Annexin V-FITC and PI staining was performed to detect early stage apoptosis in SKBR3 cells treated with SDF-1α and AMD3100 or NT21MP. Western blotting techniques were used to assay the composition of phosphoproteomics and total proteins present in the SKBR3 breast cancer cells. RT-PCR and Western blotting technique were used to detect the effect of NT21MP and AMD3100 on Bcl-2 and Bax expression. The results indicated that SDF-1α prevented apoptosis and promoted the proliferation of SKBR3 human breast cancer cells. As compared with untreated SKBR3 cells, Treatment with SDF-1α significantly increased cell viability, and NT21MP abolished the protective effects of SDF-1α dose-dependently (P

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its receptor CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) have been implicated in breast cancer metastasis. A significant association between HER2 and CXCR4 expression has been observed in human breast tumor tissues, and overexpression of CXCR4 is essential for HER2-mediated tumor metastasis. Moreover, CXCR4 expression is low in normal breast tissues and high in malignant tumors, suggesting that a blockade of CXCR4 may limit tumor metastasis. The present study investigated the action of a synthetic antagonist 21-mer peptide derived from viral macrophage inflammatory protein II against CXCR4 (NT21MP) in inhibiting metastasis in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that chemotaxis of SKBR3 cells toward SDF-1α was reduced by NT21MP in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). NT21MP inhibited tumor growth at 500 μg/kg and in combination with Herceptin, the anti-HER2 antibody. The in vivo metastatic assay showed that NT21MP significantly inhibited pulmonary metastasis, and the number of metastatic tumor nodes on the surface of the lung was greatly decreased. Compared with the saline-treated control group, PCNA expression was dose-dependently decreased by NT21MP, the percentage of apoptotic cells was increased, and CXCR4 mRNA and protein expression were downregulated. In conclusion, NT21MP inhibits cellular proliferation, promotes apoptosis by downregulating CXCR4 expression, and suppresses the progression of primary and metastatic tumors. CXCR4 may be a useful therapeutic target for breast cancer, and NT21MP may serve as a potential target drug for the treatment of breast cancer metastasis.

Concentrations of several persistent organohalogen compounds such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE), and polybrominated biphenyl 153 (PBB 153) were measured in eggs of six species of wild aquatic birds, one species of wild terrestrial bird, and two species of captive birds from North China. Among the contaminants measured, DDTs were the dominant compounds, HCHs and PCBs were in nearly the same concentration range, and PBDEs exhibited lower concentrations than other compound groups. The median concentrations of DDTs, HCHs, PCBs, and PBDEs in all avian species ranged from 21 to 11034, 5.5 to 623, 1.0 to 613, and 4.6 to 146 ng/g lipid wt, respectively. Median concentrations of DBDPE and PBB 153 in all avian species were in the range of not detectable (ND)-1.7 and ND-0.7 ng/g lipid wt, respectively. Significant differences among species in contaminant profiles and contaminant levels were found depending on their feeding habits, habitat, and migration. The captive birds had the lowest contaminant levels and entirely different congener profiles in PCBs and PBDEs from those of wild birds, which can be attributed to differences in dietary compositions and reproduction rates. Octa- to deca-BDEs contributed more to the total PBDEs in wild terrestrial and captive birds than in wild aquatic birds, except for one insectivorous species, possibly due to greater exposure to terrestrial food sources. Preliminary risk assessment suggests that there is no risk of a reduction in offspring survival in avian species from North China due to organohalogen compounds, except for dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), which would be expected to affect some proportion of the populations of several species of birds studied.

A mixed culture of moderately thermophilic microorganisms was enriched from acid mine drainage samples collected from several chalcopyrite mines in China. Such mixed culture can be used to effectively extract copper from chalcopyrite. Furthermore, after being adapted to gradually increased concentration of chalcopyrite concentrate, the tolerance of the mixed culture to chalcopyrite concentrate was brought up to 80 g/L. The effects of several leaching parameters on copper recovery in stirred tank reactor also had been investigated. The results of the investigation show that it was possible to achieve a copper extraction rate of 75% in 44 days at a pulp density of 8%. The leaching rate of chalcopyrite concentrate tended to increase with dissolved total iron concentration. At low pH ranges, more microscopic counts of microorganisms were found in the solution. Furthermore, the analysis of leached residues indicates that the passivation of chalcopyrite concentrate was mainly due to a mass of jarosite and PbSO(4) on the mineral surface, other than the elemental sulphur layer. The bacterial community composition was analyzed by using Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis. Two moderately thermophilic bacteria species were identified as Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Acidithiobacillus caldus with abundance of 67% and 33% in the bio-pulp, respectively.

Improving eco-efficiency can contribute to sustainable development. This article defines the societal services and environmental impacts of the lead-acid battery (LAB) system and offers definitions of eco-efficiency, resource efficiency, and environmental efficiency in the context of LAB systems. Based on the actual lead-flow in the LAB system, we develop a model that considers changes in production, the time interval between production and disposal, direct linkages between the final product and the societal service it provides, and the fiscal year as the statistical period. From this model, equations for eco-efficiency are derived and changes in eco-efficiency are predicted. The results show, not surprisingly, that increased lead recycling and reduced lead emissions will both improve ecoefficiency. The resource and environmental efficiencies for LAB in China are 119 and 131 kilowatt-hour-years per metric tonne (kWh. yr/t), respectively, versus a value for both of 15, 800 kWh. yr/t in Sweden. The difference results from a lower lead recycling rate (only 0.312 tonne/tonne, which means that nearly 70% of the old lead scrap is not recycled based on official statistics) and higher lead emissions (0.324 tonne/tonne, which means that nearly 33% of the lead inputs used in the LAB system were lost into the environment) in China. Further analysis shows that these problems result from inefficient management of lead scrap, poor quality lead ore, and an abundance of small-scale lead-related plants. Ways to improve eco-efficiency are proposed.

The rules on industrial flow of lead were studied for theoretical foundation of nonrenewable resource conservation and environmental improvement. A model of lead flow in lead product life cycle was developed through lead flow analysis and was used to analyze the relationship between lead product system and its environment, thus the rules on industrial flow of lead were obtained. The results show that increasing eco-efficiency will favor both resource conservation and environmental improvement. Several indices were proposed to evaluate the lead flow. As for application, the lead-flow for China in 1999 was analyzed and the reasons for low eco-efficiency were identified. In the end, some countermeasures were proposed to improve eco-efficiency, and the future lead ore consumption and environment quality were forecasted.

Intrathoracic meningocele associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 is quite rare. We report the case of a Chinese women with a 20-day history of right-sided chest pain and sense of pressure on the chest. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging indicated a homogeneous thin-walled cystic mass in the right rear mediastinum, ranging from the 1st to 5th thoracic segments. Surgery was performed to removal the meningomyelocele pouches and shunt the cyst to the subarachnoid region.

An investigation was conducted on the phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish at 8 sampling sections in the Manwan Reservoir before and after the construction of Xiaowan Hydropower Dam. The modified ESHIPPO model was applied to study the changes of the featured aquatic species, including endangered species, endemic specie, peis resource species, and native fish, aimed to make an ecological risk assessment of the dam construction on the aquatic species. The dam construction had definite ecological risk on the aquatic species, especially the endemic fish, in Langcang River, due to the changes of hydrological conditions. The endemic species including Bangia atropurpurea, Lemanea sinica, Prasiola sp., Attheyella yunnanensis, and Neutrodiaptomus mariadvigae were at high ecological risk, and thus, besides monitoring, protection measures were needed to be taken to lower the possibility of the species extinction. The widely distributed species of phytoplankton and zooplankton were at medium ecological risk, and protection measures besides monitoring should be prepared. Twelve kinds of native fish, including Barbodes huangchuchieni, Sinilabeo laticeps, Racoma lantsangensis, Racoma lissolabiatus, Paracobitis anguillioides, Schistura latifasciata, Botia nigrolineata, Vanmanenia striata, Homaloptera yunnanensis, Platytropius longianlis, Glyptothorax zanaensis, and Pseudecheneis immaculate, were at high ecological risk, and protection measures needed to be developed to prevent the possibility of the species loss and extinction.

Climatic factors are considered as the key factors affecting the trophic status and its process in most lakes. Under the background of global climate change, to incorporate the variations of climatic factors into lake eutrophication models could provide solid technical support for the analysis of the trophic evolution trend of lake and the decision-making of lake environment management. This paper analyzed the effects of climatic factors such as air temperature, precipitation, sunlight, and atmosphere on lake eutrophication, and summarized the research results about the lake eutrophication modeling in considering in considering climatic factors change, including the modeling based on statistical analysis, ecological dynamic analysis, system analysis, and intelligent algorithm. The prospective approaches to improve the accuracy of lake eutrophication modeling with the consideration of climatic factors change were put forward, including 1) to strengthen the analysis of the mechanisms related to the effects of climatic factors change on lake trophic status, 2) to identify the appropriate simulation models to generate several scenarios under proper temporal and spatial scales and resolutions, and 3) to integrate the climatic factors change simulation, hydrodynamic model, ecological simulation, and intelligent algorithm into a general modeling system to achieve an accurate prediction of lake eutrophication under climatic change.

It is important to carry out planning evaluation and regulation of ecological security (PERES) after implementing urban planning, which is the most urgent demand in China’s national-level urban planning according to China’s national strategic target for intensive urbanization. In this chapter, the importance of research on PERES is discussed after related literature review, and a method for PERES is designed in order to integrate ecological planning and sustainability into urban planning process in China. The suggested PERES system should include (1) determining the key bottlenecks in the implementation of urban planning, (2) identifying the basic elements of the evaluation and regulation of urban ecological security, (3) developing criteria to evaluate ecological security, (4) ecological safety monitoring, and (5) building regulations and a system of spatial regulations.

Optical bistability and hysteresis is observed experimentally with a nolinear two-dimensional (2D) periodic structure. The structure is a 2D volume index grating created in LiNbO 3 :Fe crystal through hologram recording and subsequent fixing techniques. No external feedback is provided. A strong intensity-dependent photovoltaic effect in LiNbO 3 :Fe material provides nonlinear coupling for the excited fields within the 2D periodic structure.

Carbon ions were implanted into silicon crystal wafers with doses of 1014–1017 cm−2 at an energy of 50 KeV followed by thermal annealing and anodization to form porous β-SiC. The photoluminescence (PL) from the porous structures on C+-implanted samples is effected by C+ dose. The samples with C+ dose ≥1015 cm−2 exhibit blue emission at room temperature. The PL intensity is stronger than that of common porous silicon and increases as C+ dose increases. The transmission electron microscope observation suggests that the quantum confinement effect of nanometer β-SiC be responsible for the blue light emission.

To assess whether NT21MP, the synthetic antagonist 21-mer peptide derived from viral macrophage inflammatory protein II inhibits human SKBR3 cells migration by interfering with SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling.The levels of CXCR4 were detected in breast cancer cells SKBR3 and MCF-7 by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The effect of SDF-1α-induced SKBR3 migration (chemotaxis) in the presence and absence of NT21MP was determined using the Boyden chamber migration assay. Intracellular Ca(2+); concentration was measured by fluorometric analysis. Western blot analyses were performed to quantify phosphorylated ERK1/2 and FAK expression levels.The expression of CXCR4 was higher in SKBR3 than MCF-7 cells; SKBR3 migration increased in SDF-1α-treated cells. In contrast, AMD3100, an inhibitor of CXCR4 effectively inhibited SKBR3 migration. SKBR3 migration was decreased when the cells were exposed to NT21MPdose dependently(P0.05). NT21MP also blocked Ca(2+); influx(P0.05), an important signal for SKBR3 migration. In addition, NT21MP significantly decreased SDF-1α-induced SKBR3 migration and downregulated SDF-1α-induced express of phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-FAK(P0.05).The results showed that NT21MP has an inhibitory effect on SDF-1α-induced SKBR3 migration. The plausible mechanism of action could be upstream blockage of Ca(2+); influx and the downstream reduction of ERK1/2 and FAK signals.

The sources and transformations of nitrogen in the Fuhe River were investigated by application of nitrogen isotope methods. The results showed that the values of delta15N in ammonium and nitrate were 1.35 per thousand-8.01 per thousand and -6.69 per thousand-8.36 per thousand, respectively. The industrial and municipal wastewater from the Baoding City contributed high ammonium to the river. In drying season, the processes of nitrification and denitrification were affected by both of water and sediment. In wetting season, ammonium was mainly absorbed by plants, and loss rate of nitrate was about 86.3%. The nitrate removal by denitrification reached 44.6%, whereas that by plant uptake was 55.4%, indicating the importance of vegetation in nitrogen removal. Thus, restoration of local vegetation in the river would be the key to relieve eutrophication in the lake.

By using Vario EL III element analyzer, the vertical distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon (SOC) and light-fraction organic carbon (LFOC) in the lawn, patch plantation, and reed wetland at river banks of Fuzhou urban area were studied in July 2007. For all the three land cover types, the SOC and LFOC contents were the highest in surface soil layer, and declined gradually with soil depth. Compared with reed wetland, the lawn and patch plantation had higher SOC and LFOC contents in each layer of the soil profile (0-60 cm), and the lawn had significantly higher contents of SOC and LFOC in 0-20 cm soil layer, compared with the patch plantation. After the reed wetland was converted into lawn and patch plantation, the SOC stock in the soil profile was increased by 94.8% and 72.0%, and the LFOC stock was increased by 225% and 93%, respectively. Due to the changes of plant species, plant density, and management measure, the conversion from natural wetland into human-manipulated green spaces increased the SOC and LFOC stocks in the soil profile, and improved the soil quality. Compared with the SOC, soil LFOC was more sensitive to land use/cover change, especially for those in 0-20 cm soil layer.

The Daliaohe river system in China has been seriously affected by long-term intensive industrial, urban and agricultural activities. The objective of this study was to determine the total phosphorus (TP) content and forms of phosphate in the sediments and investigate geochemical relationships between P forms and mineral matrix elements and P bioavailability. Four sediment profiles were taken in the Daliaohe river systems. TP content in the sediment was measured by ICP-OES and chemical forms of phosphate were measured by sequential selective extraction method. Results indicated that TP ranged from 323 to 2619 mg x kg(-1). In the sediments except 25-47 cm depth of sediment profile in the Hun river, the content of Ca bound P (Ca-P) was the highest, with more than 40% of TP. The contents of Fe bound P (Fe-P) and residual P (RES-P) were 15% to 25% of TP, while the contents of reductant soluble P (RS-P) and Al bound P (Al-P) were generally 5% to 10% of TP. However, the content of soluble and loosely bound P (S/L-P) was only less than 0.5% of TP. Huge accumulation of P in the 25-47 cm depth of the sediment profile in the Hun river led to a bigger increase in the contents of Fe-P and Al-P than Ca-P, where Al-P, Fe-P and Ca-P contents were 6.2%-23.4%, 19.6%-34.1% and 14.6%-35.6% of TP, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that sum of Fe-P and RS-P, Ca-P, and RES-P were positively correlated to Fe, Ca, and sediment organic matter (SOM) contents, respectively in the sediments except the 25-47 cm depth of sediment profile in the Hun river. In addition, TP content was positively correlated to Fe and SOM contents. The molar ratios of Fe to TP generally ranged from 20.9 to 33.9, indicating that most of sediments have capability to further retain P. Potential bioavailable P (BAP) including S/L-P, Al-P and Fe-P in the sediments was 85.43 to 1830.5 mg x kg(-1), and this part of phosphorus might pose a potential risk to the eutrophication of the Daliaohe river system and its estuary.

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil water content on the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), water use efficiency (WUE), and light use efficiency (LUE) of fresh water swamp Phragmites australis from estuarine wetland of Yellow River Delta, with the appropriate soil water condition approached. The results showed that the Pn, LUE, Tr, and WUE of fresh water swamp P. australis had obvious response thresholds on the alteration of soil water content. Waterlogged status was not the optimal water condition for fresh water swamp P. australis. To maintain the normal growth of fresh water swamp P. australis during its fast growth period, soil volumetric water content (Wv) should be above 25.7% (i.e., relative water content Wr66.6%), optimal Wv should be 36.9% (i.e., Wr = 95.6%), and the most deficient degree of Wv should be about 21.5% (i.e., Wr = 55.7%). Stomatal limitation was the main tolerance mechanism of fresh water swamp P. australis under water deficit. Under drought condition, the maximum net photosynthetic rate (P(n max)) and apparent quantum yield (AQY) of fresh water swamp P. australis declined obviously. In the meanwhile, fresh water swamp P. australis could reduce its dark respiration (Rd) to decrease the consumption of photosynthetic products, and improve its water use efficiency (WUE) to keep high photosynthetic rate.

To understand the transport and bioavailability of heavy metals in the surface sediment of Daliao River system, nine samples of surface sediment were collected. Clay content, pH, and Eh of these sediment samples were measured. Total contents and chemical speciation of Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni in the sediment were determined. In addition, the concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni in the pore water of the sediment were determined separately by DGT (diffusive gradient in thin film) method and traditional centrifuge method. The total contents of Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni in the sediment were 16.8-49.2, 12.9-55.8, 38.7-152.8 and 18.1-39.0 mg/kg, respectively. The ratios of DGT measured concentrations c (DGT) to heavy metal concentrations in pore water were lower than 0.5, showing lower replenishment of these metals from solid to the liquid and lower bioavailability of the metals in the sediments. Correlation analysis showed that c (DGT) of Cu was significantly influenced by Cu in the carbonate fraction (r = 0.633, p0.05), while c (DGT) of Pb was influenced by Pb in the exchangeable fraction (r = 0.617, p0.05). Ni in the exchangeable, Mn oxides, organic matter (OM) and Fe oxides fractions may contribute to the c (DGT) of Ni (r0.650, p0.05). In addition, pH was also an important factor influencing the release of heavy metals from solid to liquid in sediments.

Geochemical behavior of major and trace elements in the sediment of the Songhua River was studied. 39 bottom sediment samples were collected from the Songhua River and total contents of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Zn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sc, V, Mn, Ti, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na and K in these samples were measured. The objectives of this study were to identify the contents and spatial variations of these metals in the sediment, investigate geochemical relationships among the elements, and develop baseline relationships between 9 trace metals and conservative reference element Sc to quantify the contamination of these 9 elements. Results indicated that the concentrations of toxic trace metals, such as As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Zn, Ni, Pb, and V in the sediment, were 2.7-11.5, 0.05-1.38, 4.8-14.7, 15.9-78.9, 2.4-75.4, 0.01-1.27, 21.8-403.1, 6.2-35.8, 12.6-124.4, and 22.1-108.0 mg/kg, respectively. Due to the input of anthropogenic sources, temporal and spatial variation of Cd, Cu, Hg, Zn, and Pb contents in the sediment was higher than that of major elements. In addition, correlations between these metals and their mineral matrix elements such as Fe, Mg, and Sc were decreased. The baseline relationships between general metal contaminants and Sc were developed, with high correlation coefficients for Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, and V and relatively low correlation coefficients for As and Cd. These baseline relationships provide a way to quantitatively evaluate the sediment contamination by these metals. Generally, sediment contamination of the Songhua River by trace metals was less than that of the Zhujiang River and the Changjiang River, and similar to that of the Huanghe River.

To investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) with the risk of endometriosis and adenomyosis.Genotypes of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method among 298 endometriosis patients, 180 adenomyosis patients and 324 matched control women.No significant difference was found in allele frequencies and genotype distributions of MMP-2 -1306C/T polymorphism between endometriosis patients and control women (P0.05). However, there were significant differences in genotype and allele distributions of MMP-2 -1306C/T polymorphism between adenomyosis patients and control women (P0.05). Compared with CT+TT genotypes, CC genotype significantly increases the risk of adenomyosis, with an odds ratio of 1.83 (95% CI was 1.13-2.96). No significant difference was shown in allele frequencies and genotype distributions of the MMP-2 -735C/T polymorphism among the three groups (P0.05). MMP-2 -1306C/T and -735C/T polymorphisms displayed linkage disequilibrium (D'=0.74). There was no significant difference in haplotype distributions of the two MMP-2 SNPs among the three groups ( P0.05). No significant difference was found in allele frequencies of TIMP-2 -418G/C polymorphism among the three groups (P0.05). However, the frequency of TIMP-2 CC genotype in endometriosis patients (0.7%) was significantly lower than that in the control women (3.7%) (P0.05).The C allele of MMP-2 -1306C/T polymorphism did not modify the risk of developing endometriosis but significantly increase the risk of developing adenomyosis. The MMP-2 -735C/T and TIMP-2 -418G/C polymorphisms were not associated with the risk of developing endometriosis or adenomyosis.

Three sediment cores were collected from the Daliao River system in May 2006. The physico-chemical characteristics and heavy metal contents of sediment cores were analyzed. The vertical profiles of metals in pore water were measured by diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) and centrifugal methods separately. The sequence of the concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr and Cu in sediment is CrCuCoCd. The concentrations measured by DGT were lower than that measured by centrifugal method. The average ratios of DGT measured concentrations (cDGT) to the concentrations measured by centrifugal method of Cd, Co, Cr and Cu were 0.389, 0.328, 0.863 and 0.403, respectively. This suggested that the release rates of these metals from solid phase to solution followed the sequence of CrCuCdCo. The fluxes of Cd, Co Cr and Cu were 1.12 x 10(-7) - 3.28 x 10(-7) nmol/(cm2 x s), 2.48 x 10(-7) - 10.40 x 10(-7) nmol/(cm2 x s), 8.80 x 10(-6) - 12.65 x 10(-6) nmol/(cm2 x s) and 6.14 x 10(-6) - 13.93 x 10(-6) nmol/(cm2 x s), respectively. The result showed that the release of Cd and Cu was mainly influenced by organic matter (OM), while Fe oxides, Mn oxides and OM were major factors controlling the transfer of Cr. The redox potential may be the major factor influencing the release of Co element.

In the present paper, the spectrum response of Brassica Campestris L leaf to the stress of heavy metal zinc pollution was studied in three spectral rangess of the red edge position (680-740 nm), the visible spectrum (460-680 nm) and the near infrared spectrum (750-1000 nm). The results indicate that the Zn content in cabbage leaves increases and the chlorophyll level reduces with the increase in Zn concentration in soil. With the Zn content of Brassica Campestris L leaves increasing, the leaf spectral reflectivity in visible light (A1) and the range of red edge shift (S) ascends, the the leaf spectral reflectivity in the near infrared light (A2) decreases. The three indices of A1, A2 and S are fitted much linearly with the logarithm of zinc content in Brassica Campestris L leaves with the high squared regression coefficients of 0.942, 0.981 and 0.969 respectively. The regression models are reliable to estimate the zinc content in Brassica Campestris L leaves.

Microcosm experiments have been carried out to study the effects of suspended sediment on the transformation of organic nitrogen contaminants under different conditions, including with and without spiking bacteria to the water-sediment system. When with the natural water and sediment as cultivation media and without spiking bacteria to the water system, the presence of sediment could stimulate the transformation of organic nitrogen, and the transformation rates were correlated well with the sediment concentration. When the initial concentration of organic nitrogen in the water system was 5 mg/L, and the suspended sediment content were 0, 5 and 10 g/L, the first-order transformation rate constants of organic nitrogen were 0.286,0.333 and 0.538 d(-1), respectively; the nitrification rate constants (K4) were 0.001 8, 0.003 8 and 0.0050 L x (d x micromol)(-1), respectively, when fitting the nitrification process with the Logistic kinetics. When spiking the water systems with the same initial bacteria density, the first-order transformation rate constants of organic nitrogen and nitrification rate constants (K4) increased with the sediment content. With the natural water and sediment as cultivation media, the mechanism regarding the effects of suspended sediment on organic nitrogen transformation includes the following aspects: (1) The initial amount of bacteria increased with the sediment content in the water system. (2) The growth of bacteria was promoted by the sediments, and bacteria tended to attach to the sediment. In addition, most of organic nitrogen was attached to the sediment phase and the transformation of organic nitrogen in the water system mainly occurred at the sediment/water interface. (3) The presence of sediment increased the contact chances between bacteria and organic nitrogen, thus stimulated the transformation of organic nitrogen contaminants.

Ammonium nitrogen contamination is one of the major problems of the Yellow River in China. The speciation, concentration and sources of nitrogen compounds as well as the water environment conditions of the Yellow River had been analyzed to study the reasons for the fact that the ammonium nitrogen concentration was above the water quality standard. In addition, laboratory experiments had been carried out to investigate the effects of suspended sediment (SS) on nitrification rate. The results indicated that the presence of SS could accelerate the nitrification process, therefore, the effects of SS on nitrification rate was not the reason for the high level of ammonium nitrogen in the river. The excessive and continuous input of nitrogen contaminants to the river was the fundamental reason for the high concentration of ammonium nitrogen. Organic and ammonium nitrogen with high concentration inhibitted the nitrification processes. When the initial NH4+ -N concentrations were 10.1, 18.4 and 28.2 mg/L, nitrification efficiencies were 17.4%, 13.0% and 2.5%, respectively. When the initial organic nitrogen concentrations were 5.5 and 8.6 mg/L, the maximum concentrations of ammonium nitrogen produced by the oxidation of organic nitrogen would reach 0.47 and 1.69 mg/L and they would last for 2 days and 6 days, respectively. The oxygen-consuming organics and toxic substance existing in the river water could inhibit the activity of nitrifying bacteria, and thus lead to the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen. In addition, the high pH value of river water resulted in the high concentration of nonionic ammonium nitrogen which would reduce the activity of nitrifying bacteria and decrease the nitrification rates. Besides, low river runoff, low SS content and low activity of nitrifying bacteria resulted in the high level of ammonium nitrogen of the river in the low water season.

With GC/MS, a quantitative study was made on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the surface water and suspended particulates in Daliao River system, with their spatial distribution and sources investigated. The results showed that the total PAHs concentration ranged from 946.1 to 13 448.5 ng x L(-1) in surface water, and from 317.5 to 238 518.7 ng x g in suspended particulates. The PAHs concentration was decreased in the order of Taizi RiverDaliao RiverHunhe River. The PAHs in surface water were dominated by 3-5 rings, while those in suspended particulates were dominated by 2 rings. The calculated ratios of selected PAHs suggested that the discharges from municipal, petrochemical and steel industrial wastewater, and the atmospheric fallout might be the important PAHs sources, and the contamination sources of PAHs were the mixture of petrogenic and pyrolytic inputs. In comparing with other river and marine systems in the world, Daliao River system had higher concentrations of PAHs in its surface water and suspended particulates, and thus, presented certain ecological risk.

With benzene, naphthalene and biphenyl as the model aromatic hydrocarbon, the treatment of aromatic hydrocarbon containing wastewater by an anaerobic filter (AF) reactor operated in continuous mode and under denitrifying condition were conducted. With glucose as the supplemented carbon, the influence of C/N ratio on the degradation of organic compounds was also investigated. Results showed that the AF reactor could degrade these aromatic hydrocarbons effectively under above mentioned conditions. When the influent COD concentration was 1 000 mg/L, and benzene, naphthalene and biphenyl concentration was 60 mg/L, the removal efficiency for COD and aromatic hydrocarbons was 90% and 84%, respectively. Benzene was more easily degraded than naphthalene and biphenyl under denitrifying condition. When C/N was in the range 5 - 30, benzene removal percentage was always at about 90% , and C/N ratio did not have obvious effect on the degradation of benzene. The degradation of naphthalene and biphenyl and total COD was greatly influenced by C/N. When C/N was 15, the highest removal percentage was achieved and it was 90%, 78% and 82% for COD, naphthalene and biphenyl, respectively.

On the basis of other scholars' researches, utilizes export coefficient model, adopts RS and GIS techniques, estimates the non-point source (NPS) pollution load of upper reach of Yangtze River Basin, and simulates its special distribution. The results indicates that the total nitrogen load caused by land use drop from 1.23 x 10(6) tons in 1970s' to 1.16 x 10(6) tons in 2000 on the premise of taking no account of basin loss. It reduced year by year basically in the past several decades and so did TP load which decreased from 3.7 x 10(4) tons in 1970s' to 3.5 x 10(4) tons in 2000. As far as province, land use and water system are considered, Sichuan province, crop land grass, Jinsha river and Jialing river are important contributories of NPS pollution load in study area. Intensity analysis shows the region of Chongqing municipality and the watershed of Jialing River are two highest NPS pollution load areas, and these areas should be gained more attention in the future. Using the method put forward in this paper, NPS pollution space simulation is carried out in large scale basin such as upper reach of Yangtze River Basin precisely basically.

Denitrification in three floating-plant systems, including two subspecies of hyacinth and duckweed, and foamy board system were investigated by batch cultivation at a low water temperature of 6.8 degrees C to 7.2 deggres C. Effect of initial COD on the system at a water temperature of 6.4 degrees C to 11.2 degrees C was also discussed. The results were obtained as follows: DO was one of the important factors, NH4+ -N removals in aerobic condition were 61%-88% in overall period. NH4 -N removal in plant systems was higher than that in the foamy board and control systems while differences of TN and COD removals among plant system, foamy board system and control system were determined by the floating-plant type. The increase of initial COD concentration, followed by the decrease of DO from4 mg/L to 0 mg/L, resulted in an obvious improvement of NO; -N removal. However, it had a less effect on other water quality norms such as COD, TN and NH4+ -N.

The weekly water quality monitor data of Liuhai lakes between April 2003 and November 2004 in Beijing City were used as an example to build an artificial neural networks (ANN) model and a multi-varieties regression model respectively for predicting the fresh water algae bloom. The different predicted abilities of the two methods in Liuhai lakes were compared. A principle analysis method was first used to select the input variables of the models to avoid the phenomenon of collinearity in the data. The results showed that the input variables for the artificial neural networks were T, TP, transparency(SD), DO, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), pH and the output variable was Chl-a. A three layer Levenberg-Marguardt feed forward learning algorithm in ANN was used to model the eutrophication process of Liuhai lakes. 20 nodes in hidden layer and 1 node of output for the ANN model had been optimized by trial and error method. A sensitivity analysis of the input variables was performed to evaluate their relative significance in determining the predicted values. The correlation coefficient between predicted value and observed value in all data and in test data were 0.717 and 0.816 respectively in the artificial neural networks. The stepwise regression method was used to simulate the linear relation between Chl-a and temperature, of which the correlation coefficient was 0.213. By comparing the results of the two models, it was found that neural network models were able to simulate non-linear behavior in the water eutrophication process of Liuhai lakes reasonably and could successfully estimate some extreme values from calibration and test data sets.