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Abstract Background Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrinological malignancy, but its spread to bone is rare. Particularly, bone metastases leading to complete resorption of the humerus are extremely uncommon. We aimed to explore factors affecting treatment decision in humeral metastasis by presenting a case and analyze the possible treatments via conducting a literature review. Case presentation We described a case of a 68-year-old woman experiencing chronic pain in her right upper arm for six years. Clinical, radiological, and pathological evaluations confirmed humeral metastasis from thyroid carcinoma. Surgical treatments like tumor removal or limb amputation were suggested for prolonging life and pain relief, but the patient refused them and pursued conservative managements such as herbal medicine, radioactive iodine (131I) therapy, and Levothyroxine Sodium(L-T4). The humeral destruction aggravated gradually, ultimately leading to complete resorption of her right humerus. The patient could not move her right shoulder, but her forearm motion was almost normal; thus, she could complete most of her daily living activities independently. Surgical treatments such as limb amputation were advised but she still refused them for preservation of the residual limb function and preferred conservative managements. Conclusion A personalized multidisciplinary approach is important for patients with bone metastasis. The balance between limb amputation for life-prolonging and pain relief and limb salvage for preservation of residual function and social and psychological well-being should be considered. Our literature review revealed that some novel surgical treatments and techniques are available for bone metastases. This case adds to our current understanding of bone metastases and will contribute to future research and treatments.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative joint diseases, significantly impacting individuals and society. With the acceleration of global aging, the incidence of OA is increasing. The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis is not fully understood, and there is no effective way to alleviate the progression of osteoarthritis. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new disease models and seek new treatments for OA. Cartilage organoids are three-dimensional tissue masses that can simulate organ structure and physiological function and play an important role in disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine. This review will briefly analyze the research progress of OA, focusing on the construction and current development of cartilage organoids, and then describe the application of cartilage organoids in OA modeling, drug screening, and regeneration and repair of cartilage and bone defects. Finally, some challenges and prospects in the development of cartilaginous organoids are discussed.

BackgroundAnal canal squamous cell carcinoma (ACSCC) is an exceedingly rare malignant neoplasm with challenges in sphincter preservation, treatment toxicities and long-term survival. Little is known concerning the activity of PD-1 antibodies in locally advanced ACSCC. This study reports on the efficacy and toxicities of a neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade combined with chemotherapy followed by concurrent immunoradiotherapy in ACSCC patients, and describes biomarkers expression and mutation signatures.MethodsIn this cohort study, patients were treated as planned, including four cycles of neoadjuvant PD-1 antibody toripalimab combined with docetaxol and cisplatin, followed by radiotherapy and two cycles of concurrent toripalimab. Multiplex immunofluorescence staining (mIHC) with PD-L1, CD8, CD163, Pan-Keratin and DAPI was performed with the pretreatment tumor tissue. Whole exome sequencing was performed for the primary tumor and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The primary endpoint was the complete clinical response (cCR) rate at 3 months after overall treatment. Acute and late toxicities graded were assessed prospectively.ResultsFive female patients with a median age of 50 years old (range, 43-65 years old), finished treatment as planned. One patient had grade 3 immune related dermatitis. Two patients had grade 3 myelosuppression during neoadjuvant treatment. No severe radiation-related toxicities were noted. Four patients with PD-L1 expression >1% achieved a cCR after neoadjuvant treatment. and the other patient with negative PD-L1 expression also achieved a cCR at 3 months after radiotherapy. All the patients were alive and free from disease and had a normal quality of life, with 19.6-24 months follow up. Inconsistent expression of PD-L1 and CD163 was detected in 3 and 5 patients, respectively. TTN, POLE, MGAM2 were the top mutation frequencies, and 80 significant driver genes were identified. Pathway analysis showed enrichment of apoptosis, Rap1, Ras, and pathways in cancer signaling pathways. Eight significantly deleted regions were identified.ConclusionsThis small cohort of locally advanced ACSCC patients had quite satisfactory cCR and sphincter preservation rate, after neoadjuvant PD-1 antibody toripalimab combined with chemotherapy followed by concurrent immunoradiotherapy, with mild acute and long-term toxicities.

This study aims to determine the molecular mechanisms and analgesic effects of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in the treatments of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We summarize and analyse current studies regarding the biological functions and mechanisms of TRPV1 in arthritis. We search and analyse the related literature in Google Scholar, Web of Science and PubMed databases from inception to September 2023 through the multi-combination of keywords like 'TRPV1', 'ion channel', 'osteoarthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis' and 'pain'. TRPV1 plays a crucial role in regulating downstream gene expression and maintaining cellular function and homeostasis, especially in chondrocytes, synovial fibroblasts, macrophages and osteoclasts. In addition, TRPV1 is located in sensory nerve endings and plays an important role in nerve sensitization, defunctionalization or central sensitization. TRPV1 is a non-selective cation channel protein. Extensive evidence in recent years has established the significant involvement of TRPV1 in the development of arthritis pain and inflammation, positioning it as a promising therapeutic target for arthritis. TRPV1 likely represents a feasible therapeutic target for the treatment of OA and RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]