Search

To assess the repeatability of a new optical biometer (OA-2000, Tomey, Japan) based on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and Placido-disk topography in dry eyes with cataracts.A cross-sectional study was performed. Two hundred sixteen eyes of 216 cataract patients were enrolled in our hospital from March 2020 to December 2020. According to the subjective symptoms and objective examination of dry eye, the patients were assigned to dry eye group and non-dry eye group. Axial length (AL), keratometry readings (K), lens thickness (LT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), central corneal thickness (CCT) and white-to-white (WTW) distance were measured by one skilled operator. The repeatability of each parameter based on within-subject standard deviation (Sw), repeatability limit of standard deviation (2.77Sw), coefficient of variation (CoV) and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was evaluated.There was no significant difference in age and gender between the two groups. NiaBUT and NifBUT in the dry eye group were significantly lower than those in the non-dry eye group (p 0.05). The ICC mean values of AL, K1, K2, Km, ACD, LT and CCT were all greater than 0.960, except WTW. In the dry eye group, except CCT and WTW, the Sw scores for other biometric parameters were lower than 0.201, 2.77Sw scores were lower than 0.557, CoV(%) was less than 1%, and ICC mean values were greater than 0.964. Among them, the Sw scores for AL, LT and ACD were lower than 0.035, the 2.77Sw scores were lower than 0.097, and the ICC mean values are greater than 0.990.The ocular biological parameters measured by SS-OCT have good repeatability for age-related cataract patients with dry eyes, in which the AL, LT and ACD are the highest repeatable. However, more attention should be paid for WTW in clinical application since repeatability influence.

To evaluate the optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography features in patients with idiopathic macular hole (IMH) before and after vitrectomy. This prospective study included 25 patients diagnosed with IMH in Shanxi eye hospital from August 2019 to December 2021. The study was divided into 3 groups: IMH eyes, fellow eyes and normal eyes. All unilateral IMH eyes underwent vitrectomy. There were significant differences in superficial retinal blood flow density (SRBFD, P.001) and choroidal blood flow density (CBFD) between IMH and healthy control eyes before operation (P.05). There was significant difference in SRBFD between fellow eyes and normal eyes (P = .038). The changes of SRBFD and CBFD in IMH eyes before and after operation were statistically significant (P.05). The CBFD at 6 months after operation is negatively correlated with LogMAR visual acuity, and the CBFD of the fellow eye is also negatively correlated with LogMAR visual acuity. The SRBFD and CBFD had no correlation with the diameter of macular hole before and after operation. SRBFD and CBFD increased after vitrectomy, indicating that the blood supply of retina and choroid were partially restored after vitrectomy. There was no correlation between SRBFD, CBFD and hole diameter, but there was correlation between choroidal blood flow and LogMAR visual acuity.

Active tectonic movement and frequent ground fissure disasters occur in the Kenya Rift Valley. Ground fissures are often exposed to the ground surface after rainfall, resulting in disasters and huge economic losses. We conducted a field geological survey and exploratory trenching in order to identify the developmental characteristics of ground fissures in the Kenya Rift Valley. The ground fissures were found to be connected with concealed bedrock fissures, which is a typical characteristic of tectonic ground fissures. From the perspective of regional tectonic stress and plate movement, we investigated the causes of hidden bedrock cracks and conducted a finite element numerical simulation to study the rainfall infiltration process in the presence of hidden bedrock fractures. The results showed that the fractures in the concealed bedrock are controlled by regional tectonic stress and a northwest-trending basement tectonic shear zone. The most intense rainfall infiltration erosion occurs in concealed cracks, where the settlement induced by rainfall is also greatest. Therefore, rainfall erosion is an important factor driving the expansion of ground fissures towards surface fractures. The results of this study provide a theoretical scientific basis for disaster reduction and the prevention of ground fissures in the Kenya Rift Valley.

This project report describes the International Forum on ICH Education and Formation as a Scholarily Discipline held at Beijing Normal University on December 5-6, 2020. The author reviews the key topics and themes explored during the forum, which was focused on the development of educational programs and curriculum related to intangible cultural heritage (ICH).

The main objective of this work was to investigate the effects of metal modified micro-mesoporous composite molecular sieves ZSM-5/Al-SBA-15 on the production of valuable chemicals from the pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. Metal (Cu, Mg, Ga, Ni, Pd, Ce, Co, Zn) modified ZSM-5/Al-SBA-15 catalysts were prepared by two-step crystallization method and characterized by N2 adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia. The product distribution and composition of liquid product were also analyzed. Results showed that Ni-ZSM-5/Al-SBA-15 catalysts yielded a higher amount of liquid. The chemical compounds of liquid products contained furans, aliphatics, organic acids, phenols, aromatics and esters. Among the Me-ZSM-5/Al-SBA-15 catalysts, Ce-ZSM-5/Al-SBA-15 promoted the production of furans. The production of the main furans was 44.04 area%. Meanwhile, Pd-ZSM-5/Al-SBA-15 had the advantage of improving phenols production, followed by Ce-ZSM-5/Al-SBA-15. The productions of main phenols were 45.13 area% and 41.69 area% obtained with Pd-ZSM-5/Al-SBA-15 and Ce-ZSM-5/Al-SBA-15, respectively. Furthermore, Ce-ZSM-5/Al-SBA-15 exhibited high selectivity for light phenols. The introduction of metal for ZSM-5/Al-SBA-15 had a positive effect on enhancing valuable chemical products, such as furans and phenols.

The Fenwei basin, within 612 ground fissures developed, is the most concentrated and serious area in China and even in the world for the development of ground fissure hazards. The Jiaocheng ground fissure in the Taiyuan basin is known for its length and for inflicting the most damage and having the most impact in China. To discover the origin of the Jiaocheng ground fissure, surveying, trenching, and geophysical exploration were used to investigate its geological basis, developmental characteristics, and genetic process. With a total 46 km length and an 80–120 m impact bandwidth, it is one of the longest ground fissures found in the world. The fissure is on the Jiaocheng fault's hanging wall, and the NE strike is quite consistent with this fault. Houses, roads, fields, and other structures have all been damaged to varying degrees by the fissure. Vertical dislocation, horizontal tension, and right-lateral slide are the most common types. This fissure has synsedimentary features, according to trenching and shallow seismic profiling. The Jiaocheng ground fissure was formed because of the interaction of several forces. Due to regional extension, the Jiaocheng fault shifted, creating a rupture system in the surface strata. The pumping activity contributes to the formation of the current ground fissure. This effort promotes research into fissure mechanics and has implications for disaster prevention and mitigation of ground fissures.

The problems of excessive CO2 emissions and global warming caused by human activities are becoming more and more severe. Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) may be an effective mean of combating global warming. However, little research focuses on the influence of ETS price on energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and the economy. This paper analyzes the impact of different ETS price level by applying a dynamic recursive Computable General Equilibrium model. The results show that GDP will reduce more with increasing ETS price level. The output of energy industries is more sensitive to ETS price than other industries. Higher ETS price, lower marginal reduction of fossil energy consumption of ETS price. Moreover, low ETS prices will undermine the capacity of the carbon market to reduce emissions. Higher ETS price will lead to a higher reduction in CO2 emission, but the economic costs cannot be ignored. Therefore, this paper argues that ETS prices in China’s ETS pilot cities are too low, and would provide little emission reduction. Maintaining ETS prices at $10 and gradually increasing carbon price to $20 is suggested in this paper. Also, we should focus on the appropriate subsidies for new energy generation.

Among the methods used to describe soil-available water in terms of yield, field water capacity and permanent wilting coefficient were considered as the upper and lower boundaries, respectively, for normal plant growth. This study investigated the soil properties and groundwater resources of the Hailiutu pasture in Inner Mongolia, China. Soil water characteristics and hydraulic conductivity function curves of the pasture soil were measured based on filter paper method. Experimental results showed that air-entry and residual value were determined to be 34.6% and 13.1%, corresponding to the field water capacity and permanent wilting coefficient, respectively, and the available water capacity was 218.0 mm. The downward velocity of the soil wetting front in the silt is 3.0 mm/h. Site investigation revealed that the pasture was a natural capillary barrier, and its critical suction could optimize the upper boundary of irrigation. Considering the limited underground water resources, shallow water level, and the transpiration of Caragana Korshinskii in the pasture, an available drip irrigation method was designed. The spacing between drip irrigation pipes is 60 cm, the spacing between drip holes is 60 cm, the drip irrigation volume per hole is 475.2~838.8 mL/d, the drip irrigation time is 110~200 min at each night. Each hectare pasture exhausts 13.5~22.5 m3 water each day. Field tests showed that the proposed method is feasible and can be used for irrigation in dryland pastures.

In 2020, the world experienced several significant events, including the COVID-19 pandemic and the collapse of international crude oil prices. Both have a great impact on a sustainable economy. Taking China as an example, we use a computable general equilibrium model with multi-sectors and multi-households and consider six different scenarios to simulate and evaluate the aggregate impacts of the pandemic and crude oil prices. We divide the impact of the pandemic into the changes of factor input and the changes of consumer preference and find that the decline of factor input is the leading cause of the economic downturn. The sharp drop in crude oil prices has a significant negative impact on the low-carbon economy. Although the pandemic has led to a decline in global carbon emissions, it is only because of the economic downturn. The epidemic situation and the change of oil price have double impacts on the economy, especially the sustainable economy. Adjusting the price gap between fossil energy and renewable energy (e.g., more stringent carbon pricing) and appropriate tax cuts on residents may be effective ways to alleviate the impact, which should be one of the environmental policies in the post-COVID-19 era.

Knowledge graph is a kind of directed graph which is used to reflect the relationship between objective world entities. It can acquire a lot of computer readable knowledge by combining with natural language processing technology. It is suitable for processing and mining large-scale and multi-modal massive data. It is a research hotspot in the field of computer knowledge engineering. People's livelihood issues are related to social stability and political stability. Solving people's livelihood problems is an important task for the Party and the state. At present, how to visualize and retrieve relevant data in the field of people's livelihood services is still in its infancy. for the data in this service platform, knowledge graph technology has been used to realize the association and visualization of all kinds of data. it is of great significance and reference value for data mining and analysis in the field of people's livelihood and providing decision support for the government.

On December 29, 2017, China's Carbon Trading Scheme (ETS) was officially launched, and it may be the largest emission trading platform in the world. This paper establishes 5 counter-measured scenarios based on the recently launched China's national ETS market and constructs a dynamic recursive Computable General Equilibrium model to study the impact of national ETS on the economy, energy, and environment. We find that the national ETS will have a negative impact on GDP by 0.19%–1.44%. The national ETS can significantly increase the price of electricity, however, the increase in the prices of other commodities will be much lower than that of electricity. As long as the mechanism of the ETS market remains unchanged, emission reduction per year will increase linearly. Economic output and CO2 emission are sensitive to Annual Decline factor (ADF). This paper argues that China's national ETS market is an effective tool to reduce CO2 emission, and we suggest that ADF could be 0.5% when allocating carbon allowance for the electricity sector. This could balance economic output and CO2 reduction. Also, it is easy to achieve the goal of “double control” (total amount and intensity) in China.

The Fenwei Graben System is an important extensional fault-depression zone, which is the tectonic boundary between the Ordos Block and the South China Block and the North China Block. The graben system presents an “S” shape, with a total length of 1200 km and a width of 30–60 km and an overall strike of NNE. Due to complex tectonic background and active faults, nearly 612 ground fissures develop in these basins, and more than 90% of these ground fissures are tectonic fissures, which are closely associated with fault activities. To reveal the plane symbiotic phenomena, profile symbiotic modes and symbiotic mechanism between tectonic fissures and faults in the Fenwei Graben System, the developmental characteristics were investigated in detail by surveying, mapping, trenching and drilling in the study area. The main conclusions are as follows. (1) The tectonic fissures of the Fenwei Graben System are mainly distributed along the margin faults of basins, the boundary faults between blocks and the hidden faults within blocks, causing serious damages to farmlands, houses and roads. The symbiosis between these fissures and faults is obvious on the surface. (2) The profile symbiotic morphology includes vertical extension type, syncline and anticline “y” type, and stepped type. (3) The symbiotic mechanisms include vertical growth, lateral rupture and clustery derivation. (4) The activities of underlying faults give impetus to the formation and expansion of tectonic fissures. The exposure of the fissures makes underlying faults continue to develop in the form of surface fractures.

Human activities cause massive CO2 emission, and the Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) is currently one of the most effective methods of emission reduction. Few studies focus on the impact of different transfer payments in ETS on rural and urban population. This paper establishes a dynamic recursive Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model and constructs 3 counter-measure scenarios (i.e. payment methods based on income, direct tax and population, respectively), following China's pilot ETS pattern, to analyze and provide insights on the best option for the government to transfer ETS revenues to rural and urban population. The results show that commodity consumption, energy consumption, direct tax, and social welfare will be significantly impacted by ETS transfer payments, while commodity price and household savings will be less affected. For rural population, more transfer payments will lead to an increase in consumption levels in the ETS transfer payments scenario based on population, despite the rise in commodity prices. Moreover, the payments based on population can also reduce by 15.09 billion tons of CO2 emission during 2017–2030. Therefore, this paper suggests that the ETS transfer payments method should be based on population.

Global warming has necessitated the quest for CO2 mitigation globally. Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) is a market-oriented strategy which may be effective for CO2 mitigation. This study establishes a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to analyze the impact of different ETS quota allocation scheme on the electricity industry and determine the best choice of quota allocation scheme for the electricity industry in China. The research on China's carbon trading market may provide an important case for the global carbon trading market. The results show that different quota allocation schemes have impacts on electricity price, and there are some spillover effects to other industries. Higher Annual Decline Factor (ADF) will reduce carbon rights than lower ones. Changes in the quota allocation schemes of a single industry (electricity) can hardly affect aggregate GDP and CO2 emissions. Moreover, ETS quota allocation scheme in the electricity sector based on historical emission intensity could have better performance in commodity price, electricity supply, ETS price, GDP and social welfare. Thus, this paper suggests that the best choice of ETS quota allocation scheme in the electricity sector is the scheme that is based on historical emission intensity which ADF is 0.

Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) may be the effective way for CO2 reduction to mitigate global warming. However, less research has been conducted on ETS quota decline scheme. This paper establishes 6 countermeasure scenarios with different carbon right allocation decline schemes to explore the impact of these schemes on energy, economy and the environment. The results show that the emission-based ETS quota decline scheme will motivate the society to pay more attention to emission reduction. However, the scheme based on CI will make the society to focus more on resources allocation, which means that it will result to more emission and less Gross Domestic Product (GDP), but higher social welfare compared to the emission-based scenarios. The higher annual decline factor will increase the industry's pressure to cut emissions. This will cause less social welfare, GDP, sectorial output and fluctuation in commodity price. Moreover, we find that as the government fines are higher than ETS price, industries are reluctant to raise prices when they trade for cost minimization, especially those industries that incur government fine.