Search

Carbendazim, belonging to fungicides, was commonly used for controlling crop diseases, resulting in frequent residues in fruits and vegetables. Washing was the initial step of household fruit processing for cleaning and reducing pollutant contents. However, the effect of washing on the removal of carbendazim in apples was not systemically studied. Thus, in this study, an analytical method was firstly established for the determination of carbendazim with great accuracy and precision through quick, simple, cheap, effective and safe (QuEChERS) method and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (UPLC-FLD). Then, the influencing factors were systematically researched to unveil their effects on the carbendazim residue in apples. The results indicated that water temperature, washing products and washing method could obviously affect the carbendazim content in apples. In addition, the best cleaning scheme for removal of carbendazim was soaking apples for 5 min in a cleaning solution, which was prepared by dissolving 8 g of commercial fruit washing soup with 500 ml of water 3145. Under this condition, the removal rate of carbendazim in the washing step reached 73.91%. This study will be helpful for providing guidance for household cleaning methods for controlling pesticide residues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theaflavins (TFs), as the major polyphenolic components of fermented tea, possess beneficial effects on human health. In this study, the effervescent tablets based on theaflavins were developed. The optimal formulation of TF effervescent tablets was obtained by response surface methodology with the Box-Behnken design. Then, the physiochemical properties were evaluated, including hardness, friability, effervescent time and pH of the solution. At last, the antioxidant ability of TF effervescent tablets was studied through DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay. According to the results, the optimal formulation of the tablets contained TF powder 9.09%, disintegrating agent 43.80% (the weight ratio of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate was 1:1), aspartame 1.86%, PEG-600 3%, and mannitol in balance. With the wet granulation method, the TF effervescent tablets displayed suitable hardness, fast disintegration time, good color, pleasant taste and high antioxidant activity. This study demonstrated that the TF effervescent tablets could be a valuable product for the supplement market and contribute to promoting practical application of TFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tea infusion is the main route of human exposure to pollutants in tea, and it is vital to investigate the transfer rate of pollutants from tea leaves to infusion. Carbendazim is a commonly used systemic fungicide, the transfer behavior of which in Yingshan Yunwu tea is not clear. Hence, this study firstly established the analytical method for determination of carbendazim with great accuracy and precision via modified QuEChERS method and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (UPLC-FLD). Then, the transfer behavior of carbendazim from tea leaves and infusion was systematically investigated. Results indicated that water temperature and proportion of tea to water ration would obviously increase the transfer rate of carbendazim, but times of infusion repetition showed negative correlation with the transfer rate of carbendazim. In addition, brewing time seemed to have lesser impact on the transfer rate. This study will be helpful for the risk assessment of carbendazim residue and provide the guidance for tea brewing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]