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In mammalian brains, tens of millions to billions of cells form complex interaction networks to enable a wide range of functions. The enormous diversity and intricate organization of cells in the brain have so far hindered our understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of its functions. Recent advances in spatially resolved single-cell transcriptomics have allowed systematic mapping of the spatial organization of molecularly defined cell types in complex tissues1–3. However, these approaches have only been applied to a few brain regions1–11and a comprehensive cell atlas of the whole brain is still missing. Here, we imaged a panel of >1,100 genes in ∼8 million cells across the entire adult mouse brain using multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH)12and performed spatially resolved, single-cell expression profiling at the whole-transcriptome scale by integrating MERFISH and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. Using this approach, we generated a comprehensive cell atlas of >5,000 transcriptionally distinct cell clusters, belonging to ∼300 major cell types, in the whole mouse brain with high molecular and spatial resolution. Registration of the MERFISH images to the common coordinate framework (CCF) of the mouse brain further allowed systematic quantifications of the cell composition and organization in individual brain regions defined in the CCF. We further identified spatial modules characterized by distinct cell-type compositions and spatial gradients featuring gradual changes in the gene-expression profiles of cells. Finally, this high-resolution spatial map of cells, with a transcriptome-wide expression profile associated with each cell, allowed us to infer cell-type-specific interactions between several hundred pairs of molecularly defined cell types and predict potential molecular (ligand-receptor) basis and functional implications of these cell-cell interactions. These results provide rich insights into the molecular and cellular architecture of the brain and a valuable resource for future functional investigations of neural circuits and their dysfunction in diseases.

In present study, GO@SiO2 nanocomposites was prepared by coating nanoscale silica onto graphene oxide (GO). The nanocomposites were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (IF-IR). Additionally, the demulsifying performance of the nanocomposites was investigated by the bottle test method. The results showed that GO@SiO2 nanocomposites had a good demulsifying performance both in oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions. When the concentration of GO@SiO2 was 200 ppm in O/W emulsion, the optimal light transmittance of aqueous phase (LTA) and corresponding oil removal rate (ORR) at room temperature could reach 86.9% and 99.48%, respectively. Also, GO@SiO2 had an excellent salt tolerance under acidic condition. Furthermore, GO@SiO2 nanocomposites also could demulsify the W/O emulsion, and the efficiency at 70℃ could reach 80.5% when the concentration was 400 ppm.

In current work, GO@SiO2 nanocomposite was prepared by coating nanoscale silica onto graphene oxide (GO). GO@SiO2 was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (IF-IR). Additionally, the demulsifying performance of GO@SiO2 was investigated by bottle test. The results showed that GO@SiO2 had a good demulsifying performance in both oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions. When the concentration of GO@SiO2 was 200 ppm in the O/W emulsion, the optimal light transmittance of aqueous phase (LTA) and corresponding oil removal rate (ORR) at room temperature could reach 86.9% and 99.48%, respectively. Also, GO@SiO2 had an excellent salt tolerance under acidic condition. Furthermore, GO@SiO2 also could demulsify the W/O emulsion, and the efficiency at 70 °C could reach 80.5% when the concentration was 400 ppm.

An environmentally friendly LLP@SiO2 demulsifier was prepared by coating nano-SiO2 on the natural lotus leaf powder (LLP) via a simple hydrothermal method. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscope (FT-IR), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS) and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) were employed to characterize the demulsifier. The effect of the LLP@SiO2 dosage, temperature, settling time, pH value and salt concentration on the demulsifying process was studied in detail. The bottle test results showed that the demulsification efficiency (DE) reached 83.78% within 1 min when the dosage was 600 mg/L at 70 °C. The DE could increase to 91.91% if the settling time was prolonged to 60 min. The LLP@SiO2 demulsifier had excellent acid and salt tolerance, and the high salinity also could improve the demulsification performance. It showed that the DE could maintain at 91.91% even at strong acid condition of pH = 2 and it increased to 94.33% when the salinity was increased to 20,000 mg/L. In addition, the possible demulsification mechanism was systematically studied by the interfacial activity, interfacial tension (IFT), wettability and microexamination.

Introduction Calcium hydroxide has been used as a traditional pulpotomy agent for a long time but has some disadvantages. iRoot BP Plus (Innovative Bioceramix Inc, Vancouver, Canada) is a newly developed, ready-to-use calcium silicate–based bioactive ceramic with excellent bioactivity and sealing ability. However, whether iRoot BP Plus shows superiority over calcium hydroxide as a pulpotomy material on permanent incisors with complicated crown fractures remains unknown. Methods This research included 205 permanent incisors with complicated crown fractures. These teeth were treated with pulpotomy and divided into 2 groups according to the pulpotomy material (105 treated with iRoot BP Plus and 100 with calcium hydroxide). Clinical and radiographic information was collected during the 12- to 24-month follow-up period. The formation of reparative dentin bridges and pulp canal obliteration were analyzed using radiographs in both groups. Results The success rates for recall in the average follow-up period of 17.5 ± 4.4 months (12–24 months) after pulpotomy treatment were significantly different between the 2 groups, with 99% for the iRoot BP Plus group and 93% for the calcium hydroxide group. Reparative dentin bridges were observed in 92.4% of the iRoot BP Plus group and 90% of the calcium hydroxide group, but the difference was not significant. Pulp canal obliteration was observed in 2 teeth (2%) in each group. Conclusions The success rates obtained in our study indicate that iRoot BP Plus as a pulpotomy agent can be a suitable alternative to calcium hydroxide to manage complicated crown fractures.