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Objective To investigate the contamination status of Vibrio cholerae in foods of amphibians and reptiles during circulation and cultivation in Guangzhou in 2019, and we provide evidence for the food safety supervision and further prevention and control of food-borne cholerae outbreaks. Methods According to population and regional distribution, characteristics of food production, circulation and consumption features of Guangzhou, amphibian and reptile foods (live turtles and frogs) were collected from supermarkets, farmer s market, wholesale market in five districts of Guangzhou and cultured areas of amphibians and reptiles in Shantou city by random sampling in March, May, August, October and November of 2019, and Vibrio cholerae was detected in these samples in line with Manual of Vibrio cholerae Prevention and Control. Results A total of 127 live turtles and frogs were collected, and the prevalence of Vibrio cholerae was 4.72%(6/127). The prevalence of Vibrio cholerae in frog samples was 6.90%(6/87), while O1 and O139 Vibrio cholerae was found negative for all turtle samples. Vibrio cholerae was detected in samples from Baiyun District, Liwan District and Shantou city. The cholerae-positive samples were collected from farmer s market, wholesale market and farm; From the sample area, 6 positive samples were mainly derived from other cities in Guangdong Province and outside the Province; According to the sampling time, Vibrio cholerae was detected only in October and November. The distribution of Vibrio cholerae positive samples in different regions, places, places of origin and months was not statistically significant (P>0.05). All isolated strains were categorized into Inaba of O1 group, and the virulence gene ctxA was negative. Conclusion The contamination level of Vibrio cholerae was relatively low in amphibian and reptile foods of Guangzhou, more attention should be paid to the cholera contamination in frogs during breeding period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate lead contamination in commercial foods in Guangzhou City, and to assess the health risk of dietary lead exposure in the residents., Methods: Food samples were collected in 11 districts in Guangzhou City from 2017 to 2019.The samples were tested for lead by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The dietary exposure to lead of residents of different age groups in Guangzhou was calculated in combination with the intake of foods from the food consumption survey of Guangzhou residents in 2011, and the margin of exposure(MOE) method was used to evaluate the health risk of the population., Results: A todal of 3130 food samples of 15 categories were collected. The overall lead detection rate was 82.11%, the exceeding rate was 0.13%, and the average lead content was 0.031 mg/kg. The highest lead levels were found in bivalve, edible fungi and flour and flour products. Excessive levels of lead were found in bivalve, eggs and egg products, and flour and flour products. The average daily dietary intake of lead in people aged 3-6, 7-17, 18-59 and over 60 in Guangzhou were 0.368, 0.377, 0.326 and 0.337 μg/kg, respectively. Daily lead exposure of population with high consumption(P95) in various age groups through foods were 1.091, 1.079, 0.906 and 0.925 μg/kg, respectively. Brassica and leafy vegetables, rice and its products and meat were the main sources of dietary lead exposure, accounting for 53.28% of the total dietary lead exposure. The average MOE of lead in all age groups were greater than 1, but the P95 of MOE value of people aged 3-6 and 7-17 were 0.55 and 0.56, respectively, which presented certain health risks., Conclusion: There was a certain amount of lead exceeding the standard in commercial foods in Guangzhou. The average level of dietary lead exposure for residents of all ages posed a low risk to population health, but the dietary lead exposure risk of high-food consumers aged 3-6 and 7-17 posed certain health risks that deserve significant attention.

Objective: To have an insight into the prevalence tendency caused by Noroviruses( NoVs) in population of oyster farming areas, and evaluate the early warning signification of acute gastroenteritis( AGE) monitoring., Methods: Between January and December in 2014, a retrospective household survey of AGE during past four weeks was conducted to residents using multi-stage sampling in oyster farming areas. Norovirus capsid genome was detected using real-time RT-PCR and semi-nested PCR, sequenced and phylogenetic analyzed., Results: A total of 75 cases of AGE were reported. The incidence rate was 0. 10 per person-year, the detection rate of norovirus was 20. 0%( 15 /75). The dominant epidemic No Vs strain in oyster farming was still GII. 4 Sydney 2012. Furthermore, a newly GII. 17 variant was detected and early in March 2014., Conclusion: The GII. 4 Sydney 2012 genotype is still prevalent strain that caused AGE currently in the community residents of oyster farming areas. NoVs GII. 17 variant was found in sporadic patients of sentinel hospital AGE monitoring in March 2014 that have an early warning effect to the outbreaks of winter in 2014.