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Pathogens are serious threats to human health, and traditional detection techniques suffer from various limitations. The unique optical properties of photoluminescent inorganic nanomaterials, such as high photoluminescence quantum yields, good photostability, and tunable spectra, make them ideal tools for the detection of pathogens with high specificity and sensitivity. In this review, the design strategies, working mechanisms, and applications of photoluminescent inorganic nanomaterial-based probes in pathogen detection are introduced. In particular, the design and construction of stimuli-responsive nanoprobes and their potential in these fields are highlighted.

Photonic crystals (PCs) have emerged as a promising electrochemiluminescence (ECL) matrix in the domain of immunoassay. Making maximum use of light manipulation properties of PCs is highly desired for improving the sensitivity. In this work, we proposed a band-edge effect-induced ECL enhancement strategy based on silica inverse opal PCs (SIOPCs). By fine-tuning the lattice constant and carefully calibrating the stopband position, we found that the band edge of the stopband exerted significant influences on the ECL intensity and spectral distribution. The high density of states at the blue edge of the photonic band gap increased the radiative transition probability of ECL emitters and enhanced the photon extraction during propagation, giving rise to ∼20-fold ECL signal amplification accompanied by a redistributed ECL spectrum for the Ru(bpy)

The “transboundary”, an emerging phenomenon in the Internet service ecosystem, is leading to the flourishing of innovative services. A transboundary service incorporates services, resources, and technologies from multiple domains into its business to create a particular competitive advantage and unique user experiences. It is difficult to comprehensively consider all the constraints from multiple domains to precisely design the nonfunctional characteristics of transboundary services, such as quality attributes and capability attributes. We propose a two-phase quality design method for transboundary services called value quality deployment-quality capability deployment (VQD-QCD) based on quality function deployment (QFD). Given the restrictions of transboundary services, VQD-QCD translates the value expectations of multiple stakeholders into an optimal configuration for global quality parameters (GQPs), local quality parameters, and capability parameters. Details of VQD are illustrated. Considering the inherent vagueness and uncertainty of relationships between value expectations and GQPs, and among GQPs, fuzzy least absolute regression and fuzzy nonlinear programming methods are incorporated into QFD to identify the quantitative relations between value indicators and GQPs, and among GQPs, and obtain an optimal configuration scheme for GQPs. Usability of the proposed method is validated through a case study on the “DiDi mobile transportation service”, which is a representative transboundary service in China. Compared with the current method, which is inaccurate and inefficient because its translation between value expectations and relevant quality and capability parameters is artificial and subjective, the proposed method integrates fuzzy least absolute regression and fuzzy nonlinear programming methods into QFD, which facilitate transboundary service designers to precisely and efficiently design the quality and capability characteristics of innovative services in the manner of semiautomatisation, which promotes the innovative design of transboundary services.

Cloud manufacturing is a new kind of networked manufacturing model. In this model, manufacturing resources are organized and used on demand as market-oriented services. These services are highly uncertain and focus on users. The information between service demanders and service providers is usually incomplete. These challenges make the resource scheduling more difficult. In this study, an iterative double auction mechanism is proposed based on game theory to balance the individual benefits. Resource demanders and providers act as buyers and sellers in the auction. Resource demanders offer a price according to the budget, the delivery time, preference, and the process of auction. Meanwhile, resource providers ask for a price according to the cost, maximum expected profit, optimal reservation price, and the process of auction. A honest quotation strategy is dominant for a participant in the auction. The mechanism is capable of guaranteeing the economic benefits among different participants in the market with incomplete information. Furthermore, the mechanism is helpful for preventing harmful market behaviors such as speculation, cheating, etc. Based on the iterative double auction mechanism, manufacturing resources are optimally allocated to users with consideration of multiple objectives. The auction mechanism is also incentive compatibility.

Prevotella copri and related taxa are widely detected in mammalian gut microbiomes and have been linked with one human enterotype. However, their microevolution and macroevolution among hosts are poorly characterized. In this study, extensively collected marker genes and genomes were analyzed to trace their evolutionary history, host specificity, and biogeographic distribution. Investigations based on 16S rRNA gene, gyrB, and genomes suggested that a multi-specific P. copri-containing lineage (PCL) harbors diverse species in higher primates. Firstly, P. copri is the dominant species of PCL in the human gut and consists of multiple groups exhibiting high genomic divergence and conspicuous but non-strict biogeographic pattern. Most African strains with high genomic divergence from other strains were phylogenetically placed near the species root, indicating the co-evolutionary history of P. copri and Homo sapiens. Secondly, although long-term co-evolution between PCL and higher primates was revealed, sporadic signals of co-speciation and extensive host jumping of PCL members were observed among higher primates. Metagenomic and phylogenetic analyses indicated that P. copri and other PCL species found in captive mammals have been recently transmitted from humans. Thirdly, strong evidence was found on the extensively horizontal transfer of genes (e.g., carbohydrate-active enzyme encoding genes) among sympatric P. copri groups and PCL species in the same primate host. Our study provides panoramic insights into the complex effects of vertical and horizontal transmission, and potential niche adaption on speciation, host, and biogeographical distribution spanning microevolutionary and macroevolutionary history for a certain gut bacterial lineage.ImportancePrevotella copri and its related taxa, which we designated as Prevotella copri-containing lineage (PCL) in the present study, are widely detected in guts of human, non-human primates and many captive mammals, showing positive or negative correlation to some human diseases. However, a comprehensive understanding on its microevolutionary (within P. copri) and macroevolutionary (among PCL members) history across host species and host biogeography is still lacking. According to our analysis based on 16S rRNA gene, gyrB and genomes, we provided the panoramic insights into the putative effects of vertical transfer, horizontal transmission and potential niche selection on host and biogeographical distribution of this gut bacterial lineage and P. copri. To our knowledge, it is the first time that a gut bacterial lineage was studied at both micro- and macroevolutionary levels, which can aid our systematic understanding on the host-microbe co-evolutionary interactions.

Rhodocyclales is an abundant bacterial order in wastewater treatment systems and putatively plays key roles in multiple functions. Its phylogenomics, prevalence of denitrifying genes in sub-lineages and distribution in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) worldwide have not been well characterized. In the present study, we collected 78 Rhodocyclales genomes, including 17 from type strains, non-type strains and genome bins contributed by this study. Phylogenomics indicated that the order could be divided into five family-level lineages. With only a few exceptions (mostly in Rhodocyclaceae), nirS-containing genomes in this order usually contained the downstream genes of norB and nosZ. Multicopy of denitrifying genes occurred frequently and events of within-order horizontal transfer of denitrifying genes were phylogenetically deduced. The distribution of Rhodocyclaceae, Zoogloeaceae and Azonexaceae in global WWTPs were significantly governed by temperature, mixed liquor suspended solids, etc. Metagenomic survey showed that the order generally ranked at the top or second for different denitrifying genes in wastewater treatment systems. Our results provided comprehensive genomic insights into the phylogeny and features of denitrifying genes of Rhodocyclales. Its contribution to the denitrifying gene pool in WWTPs was proved.

Three Cd(II) iso-frameworks {[Cd(BIPA)(IPA)]·DMF}n (1), {[Cd(BIPA)(HIPA)]·DMF}n (2), and {[Cd(BIPA)(NIPA)]·2H2O}n (3) were synthesized from the self-assembly of the BIPA ligand (BIPA = bis(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)amine) and different carboxylic ligands (H2IPA = isophthalic acid, H2HIPA = 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid, H2NIPA = 5-nitroisophthalic acid) with Cd(II), which have amino groups, amino and phenolic hydroxyl groups, and amino and nitro groups, respectively. Both 1 and 2 exhibit CO2 uptakes of more than 20 wt %, indicating that amino and phenolic hydroxyl functionalized groups are beneficial to CO2 adsorption. Their applications and mechanisms in detecting metal ions were researched. The results exhibit that 1 and 2 are dual-responsive photoluminescent sensors for Hg2+ and Pb2+ ions with low detection concentration and high quenching constant. Besides, like most MOFs, 3 can detect a trace quantity of Fe3+ and Cu2+.

Three zinc metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), {ZnL(chd)}n (1), {[Zn(L)0.5(oba)]·DMF·H2O}n (2) and {[Zn(L)0.5(sdb)]·H2O}n (3) [L = E,E-2,5-dihexyloxy-1,4-bis-(2-pyridin-vinyl)-benzene; H2chd = 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, H2oba = 4,4′-oxybisbenzoic acid, H2sdb = 4,4′-sulfonyldibenzoic acid], have been hydrothermally synthesized. We explored their applications in detecting ions, and the result shows that they all show highly selective sensing for Fe3+ and Cr2O72− ions.

Two metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [Zn(BIPA)(tfbdc)]n (1) and {[Cd(BIPA)(tfbdc)(H2O)]·DMF}n (2), were hydrothermally synthesized using the self-assembly of the "V-shape" BIPA ligand (bis(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)amine) and the H2tfbdc ligand (2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid) with Zn/Cd metal salts. 1 is a 2D hcb framework and 2 is a 2D sql network. Their applications in detecting metal and inorganic ions were also explored. The results indicate that 1 exhibits dual-responsive photoluminescence sensing for Fe3+ and Cr2O72- ions while 2 can detect Hg2+ and Cr2O72- ions.

Four Cd(II)-based compounds (1–4) were synthesized from solvothermal reactions involving the in situ aldimine condensation of an o-diamino-functionalized precursor 3,6-di(4H-imidazol-4-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (L), Cd(NO3)2·4H2O and aldehyde. Two modes of cycloaddition ([4 + 1] cycloaddition and [4 + 2] cycloaddition) occurred during condensation, causing the in situ generation of two benzimidazole derivative ligands (L1 and L3) and a quinoxaline derivative ligand (L2). Furthermore, the chemical selectivity of the condensation was studied, where the condensation of o-diamino and the aldehyde is more stable and easy to operate. This strategy enriches the synthesis method of MOFs. Additionally, compound 2 containing uncoordinated quinoxaline N atoms showed excellent luminescent sensitivity for Fe3+ detection.

Three Cd(II) iso-frameworks {[Cd(BIPA)(IPA)]·DMF}

Three zinc metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), {ZnL(chd)}

Five new metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), {[Zn2(BPPA)2(BDC)2]·6H2O}n (1), {[Cd3(BPPA)(BDC)2(DMF)2]·DMF·3H2O}n (2), {[Zn(BPPA)(NDC)1/2(HCO2)]}n (3), {[Zn3(BPPA)3(TFBDC)3]·H2O}n (4), and {[Cd2(BPPA)2(TFBDC)2]}n (5), have been synthesized from the self-assembly of the “V-shape” BPPA ligand with Zn/Cd metal salts, incorporating coligands (H2BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, H2NDC = 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, TFBDC = 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalic acid, BPPA = bis(4-(pyridine-4-yl)phenyl)amine, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide). Compound 1 is a 4-fold interpenetrated three-dimensional (3D) network with sra topology. Compound 2 is the first 2-fold interpenetrated sxa topology, which is reported only non-interpenetration before. Compound 3 is a one-dimensional chain by utilizing a “longer” rigid H2NDC coligand. Via a “fatter” rigid TFBDC ligand, we control interpenetration by one-pot synthesis. Both compounds 4 and 5 are non-interpenetrated 3D 6T8 frameworks, and the 6T8 topology has rarely been reported in...

Using alternative fuels is an effective way to reduce air pollution and transform energy structure. The characteristics of four kinds vehicle alternative fuels (LPG, DME, CNG and hydrogen), and the advantages and disadvantages in practical application are studied in this paper. By using the methods which combines safety system engineering and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), the diffusion process of fuels leakage, and the damage area were analyzed quantitatively. Moreover, potential fire accidents for alternative fuels during storage and transportation were evaluated by consequence assessment method. The study results show damage area of the fireball's radiation, which provides reference for fuel safety analysis.

Concrete mechanical properties under dynamic load such as blast and impact are very complex. Shock wave propagation law and damage effect in the concrete were studied numerically in the paper by using TNT explosive ignition and growth model, concrete dynamic damage model, and SPH method. And shock wave properties of different mass explosives in the concrete were analyzed with the similarity theory. The result shows that TNT shock wave propagation law meets the internal-blast similarity law. Peak pressure, positive pressure impulse, maximum velocity and maximum acceleration in the concrete decrease with the increase of scaled distance. And time needed for reaching peak pressure increases linearly with the increase of scaled distance. A theoretical basis of structure and protection design for constructions is achieved in the paper.

Four Cd(ii)-based compounds (1-4) were synthesized from solvothermal reactions involving the in situ aldimine condensation of an o-diamino-functionalized precursor 3,6-di(4H-imidazol-4-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (L), Cd(NO

The Loschmidt echo of single qubit coupling to the environment for dimerized anisotropic XY spin chain in transverse field have been analyzed. We have obtained analytical expression for the Loschmidt echo. By numerically computing the Loschmidt echo, we find that the decay of coherence will be enhanced with the increasing of the staggered parameter. PACS: 75.10.Jm

Wepropose a new scheme to prepare the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states and atomic Schrodinger cat states for N trapped ions This scheme is based on the interaction of N trapped ions with a frequensy-modulated traveling wave light field. Preparations of these states can be all complished by one-step operation. PACS: 42.50

A new 2-fold interpenetrated cadmium metal–organic framework {[Cd2(TPPBDA)(OBA)2]·4DMA·8H2O}n (1) (Cd-MOF) (TPPBDA = N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(4-(4-pyridine)-phenyl)biphenyl-4,4′-diamine, H2OBA = 4,4′-oxybis(benzoate), and DMA = N,N-dimethylacetamide) was synthesized by a solvothermal reaction. Compound 1 is a 3D net with a meso-helical chain. A noticeable structural feature is that the arrangement of lattice DMA molecules is different in the different meso-helical channels. The material exhibits gas sorption properties for CO2, H2, and CH4. The adsorption selectivity of CO2/CH4 was calculated from the single-component isotherms using the dual-site Langmuir–Freundlich-based ideal adsorbed solution theory. In addition, the luminescent properties of the Cd-MOF in the solid state and in suspension in different organic solvents was investigated.

The solvothermal reactions of 1,1′-oxybis[3,5-di-4-pyridine]-benzene (L) and transition metal cations (Co and Ni) afford five novel coordination polymers in the presence of flexible bridging ligands (4,4′-H2nba = 4,4′-dicarboxydiphenylamine, H2cam = D-camphoric acid, 4,4′-H2sdb = 4,4′-sulfonyldibenzoic acid, H2chdc = 1,4-trans-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid), namely {[Co2L2(OH)2(nba)]·2DMF}n (1), {[CoL(cam)(H2O)]}n (2), {[Co3(L)(4,4′-sdb)3(H2O)]·1.5CH3CN·4H2O}n (3), {[Ni3(L)(4,4′-sdb)3(H2O)]·1.5CH3CN·4H2O}n (4), and {[Ni2L2(chdc)2(H2O)2]·(H2O)3}n (5) (DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide). Their structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and further characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 reveals a 2-fold interpenetrating three-dimensional (3D) framework with the Schlafli symbol {4·8·104}{4·8·10} topology. Compound 2 crystallizes in the achiral space group with the D-camphorate ligand racemized. Compounds 3 and 4 reveal similar structure with the {3·44·6}{32·48·59·69} topology based on a linear trinuclear building block M3(OOCR)6 (M = Co(II) or Ni(II)). Compound 5 is a wavy sheet, where both carboxylate and L ligands act as bidentate ligands. Moreover, UV-Visible absorption spectra of complexes 1–3, 5 and the magnetic properties of 3 have been investigated.

We have investigated the two-mode anticorrelated effect of superposition state of photon-added two-mode coherent states associated with inverse boson operators and proposed a new method for preparation of photon-added two-mode coherent states of this kind and their superposition states. This method is based on interaction of the trapped ion with the light fields.

A new 3D Cd(II) coordination polymer, [Cd3(HBPTC)2(4,4′-bpy)2], was prepared by the reaction of cadmium nitrate with H4BPTC (1,1′-biphenyl-2,4,4′,6-tetracarboxylic acid) in the presence of 4,4′-bpy...

In this paper, the abnormal phenomenon of fixed series compensation GAP is discussed. The main reason, too large attenuation of the fiber communication between the GAP trigger equipment and control protection screen input plate is analyzed. The improved measurement to the fixed series compensation system operation and design is proposed.

Bidirectional Associative Memory (BAM) network is presented to analysis the fault of power transformer. In order to improve the classification accuracy, the conception of combination is introduced. The fault diagnosis of power transformer is consisted of 4 BAM networks. The first BAM network is used to classify the normal and fault. The second BAM network is used to classify the heat fault and partial discharge (PD) fault. The third BAM network is used to classify MC-overheating faults in magnetic circuit and EC-overheating faults in electrical circuit. The fourth BAM network is used to classify RSI-discharge faults related to solid insulation, USI-discharge faults unrelated to solid insulation. By comparing with the RBF neural network algorithm for the same 90 input set, we conclude that the BAM network a good classifier for the fault diagnosis of power transformer.

With the development of manufacturing globalization, cloud manufacturing is becoming a hotspot of network manufacturing. In cloud manufacturing, how to response to users services demands fast and accurately is an important indicator to evaluate the performance of this system. To achieve a cloud manufacturing platform for industry manufacturing system, this paper proposes service-oriented platform architecture based on semantic. Also, to realize the manufacturing resource data virtualization, the semantic description of manufacturing cloud and the combined manufacturing ontology is established. To fulfill the requirements of providing the fit cloud service or service combination, a cloud manufacturing service discovery model is investigated on focus, the organic decomposition and combination of manufacturing cloud is completed by ontology reasoning, and intelligent search and automatic matching of manufacturing cloud is realized.

A domino S–N and C–N coupling/oxidative aromatization process to synthesize 2-aminothio-phenylpyrimidines and 2-amino-phenylpyrimidines by S–N and C–N cross-coupling reactions is described. This methodology couples 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-thiones and secondary amines catalyzed by molecular iodine. Remarkably the C–N coupled product was obtained via a desulfitative coupling-aromatization reaction in one-pot reaction.

Two luminescent Cd(II) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) were prepared from electron-rich π-conjugated fluorescent ligands. They are isostructural with sql nets. Their strong luminescences can be quenched by a series of nitroaromatic explosives. Notably, MOF 1 shows highly selective and sensitive detection of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), while MOF 2 exhibits good responses toward picric acid (PA) compared with other nitroaromatic explosives. This different order of quenching efficiency is because there are H-bonding interactions between MOF 1 and 4-NP, while MOF 2 lacks these H-bonding interactions. MOF 1 displays highly selective and sensitive detection of 4-NP with the high quenching constant (6.74× 104 M–1) and low detection limit (34.48 ppb), which is better than those of known MOFs. MOF 1 and MOF 2 have highly sensitive and selective detection of 4-NP and PA in the practical application, respectively.

We have proposed a method to suppress simultaneously decoherence induced by spontaneous emission and thermal effect in a single two-level trapped ion system based on bang-bang scheme. The basic idea of this method is that two kinds of decoherences are both suppressed by using a series of large detuned pulses to drive the ion in a precision-designed manner, thus best results can be obtained with minimal resources.

The main steam Pressure is one of the most important guidelines on Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler (CFBB) operation quality and an important part in control system of CFBB. However, It is very difficult to establish the exact mathematical models of controlled objects because the combustion system of circulating fluidized bed boiler is an object that has many features: distributed parameters, nonlinear, time-varying and long time-delaying. it is unfavorable to control it with traditional controller. Therefore , In this paper fuzzy controller is used in controlling main vapor pressure systems of CFBB, and the fuzzy cascade control system is designed. In computer simulation, the fuzzy cascade control system exert stably, and has perfect control effect to main vapor pressure systems of CFBB.

The aza-Michael addition reaction of 4-aryl-7,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroquinazoline-2-one/thione-5-ones to α,β-ethylenic compounds in the presence of KF/Al2O3 furnishes N3-substituted quinazolinone derivatives. Those groups (NO2, MeO) with larger steric hindrance at the o-position of the phenyl ring of quinazolinone have an apparent affect on the chemical selectivity thus giving the N1-subsituted products.

We have studied the intensity squeezing of superposition state of excited coher- ent states and proposed a new method to prepare superposition state of excited coherent states of vibrational motion of trapped ion. This method is based on the interaction of a sin- gle trapped ion with two traveling wave light fields with different frequencies. An obvious merit of this method is that it works without application of the perturbation theory.

By using Lie dynamical algebra representation theory, we have solved the master equation for the nondegenerate parametric amplifier model in a thermal reservoir. Applying a series of transformations, we show that the master equation has multiple commuted SU(1,1) Lie algebra structures. The explicit solution to the master equation has been obtained.

Porous mullite was prepared from a reactive mixture of Al metal powder and the fly ash produced by power plant. The sintering ceramics was characterized for the pore structure and phase identification studies. It was found that the sintered specimen expands at first (1300-1400°C) and then shrinks which was correspondence to the changing of open porosity. The expansion was attributed to the fact that the alumina produced from the oxidation reaction of Al powder made the volume larger than the starting mixtures. At 1550°C, it was inferred that the alkaline element in the fly ash made the mullite decomposed then destroyed the mullite structure. The SEM photographs suggested us that the pore diameter of the sintered ceramics might be adjusted by adding Al powder with different grain sizes. Moreover, because of the rod-like mullite produced in the pores, Mg metal addition could develop the further modification of the pore structure with similar porosity (47% at 1400°C/4h) compared with that (53%) with 0wt % Mg metal powders.

Depending on the solvent and reaction temperature, thiones (I) react with amines (II) to yield the functionalized pyrimidine systems (III) and (IV).

The title reactions afford regioselectivity N3- or N1-alkylated quinazolinone derivatives (III) or (V), resp., depending on the steric bulk of the aryl groups.

The new true effective value algorithm can achieve fast and accurate measurement for distortion waveform and does not need to follow a principle that the period of the AC signal should be integer times of the sampling period. With the increase in sampling points, measurement accuracy will be further improved. Based on these advantages, the new true RMS algorithm can achieve more rapid, convenient and accurate measurement.

In order to overcome drawbacks of the BP network, an improved non-linear dynamic adaptive particle swarm algorithm is used in this paper. The value of inertia weight can automatically change with the change of fitness value for avoiding particles premature. The particle velocity avoids getting into local minima by adding a negative disturbance. This method is applied to the inverter circuit. Simulation results indicated that: improved particle swarm algorithm was superior to BP algorithm in accuracy, convergence speed, ability to search the optimal solution.

Service systems are essential to the execution of business services. When designing a service system, it is important to consider its global architecture to enable optimisation of high-level decision-making. In this paper, based on the analysis of the similarities between software and service systems, a new concept, service architecture, is presented. Service architecture (SA) defines the high-level structure of a service system, including service elements and their co-production relationships. The design quality of SA has a strong effect on the quality of service. Based on the summarisation of various service systems, we present several typical service architectural styles that can be directly reused to facilitate the development of high quality and efficient service systems. These styles are classified into three types, creational, structural and behavioural, based on a set of distinct dimensions. Features, application scenarios, graphical topology and typical cases for each style are then briefly discussed. In addition, comparisons between these styles, especially regarding their non-functional features, are shown. The results of this paper will aid in the study of methodologies for service system development.