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In order to determine the emplacement age, petrogenesis and geodynamic setting of the Xizhelimu diorite in Keyouzhongqi, Inner Mongolia of northeastern China, a detailed study of the petrography, geochronology and whole-rock geochemistry has been conducted. Geological and petrographic studies show that the Xizhelimu diorite is zoned: the central lithofacies zone is composed of medium-fine-grained monzodiorite and quartz diorite, and the marginal lithofacies zone is fine-grained diorite. The zircon U-Pb dating results show that the ages of the central and marginal facies are 133.5 ± 1.9 Ma and 133.4 ± 1.4 Ma, respectively. The whole-rock rare earth and trace element characteristics of the Xizhelimu diorite show an O-type adakite affinity. Combining the analysis of zircon Hf isotope composition (εHf(t) values of +7.7 to +10.0), the geochemical features of whole rock, and the results of partial melting modeling we suggest that the parental magma of the Xizhelimu diorite was derived from the partial melting of altered oceanic crust mixing with subducting sediments at shallow depths. In the early stage of Early Cretaceous, the Xizhelimu diorite originated in an extensional setting, mainly related to the closure of the western part of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean. The upwelling asthenospheric flow in this extensional setting induced partial melting of the paleo-oceanic crust to form the parental magma of the Xizhelimu diorite.

There is increasing evidence that low family socioeconomic status (SES) not only is a social issue, but also is a precursor to addiction to social media and other technologies. The authors investigated the relationship between family SES, stress, impulsiveness and inhibitory control, and social media addiction among Chinese female college students. The findings revealed that in lower-SES families, increased social media addiction was associated with reduced inhibitory control and increased stress and impulsiveness. A structural equation model was used to examine the mediation model hypothesis, and the results confirmed the mediating role of no-planning impulsiveness and inhibitory control between family educational level and social media addiction among Chinese female college students. These findings demonstrate the importance of reducing impulsiveness and improving inhibitory control for preventing social media addiction in female college students of low SES. Future studies are required to confirm precursors to social media addiction, elucidate causal mechanisms, and support the explanatory model of social media addiction.

Background Abdominal fat deposition is a key component of obesity, which is associated with an increased risk for a number of mental disorders. The current study aims to explore the relationship between body image, anxiety, food-specific inhibitory control, and emotional eating in young women with abdominal obesity. Method A total of 224 participants were recruited: 168 were non-abdominal obesity and 56 were abdominal obesity. Participants completed the following questionnaires and behavioral tests: the Body Mass Index (BMI) -based Silhouette-Matching Test (SMT), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Food Stop Signal Task (SST), the Emotional Eating Scale (EES). Results Abdominal obesity women had significantly higher levels of trait anxiety, cognitive difference, expectational difference in body image but lower self-reported emotional eating level compared to the control group. Anxiety mediated the relationship between cognitive difference of body image and depression eating in young females with abdominal obesity. In addition, only among abdominal obesity individuals, expectational difference of body image were significantly and positively correlated with food-specific inhibitory control and trait/state anxiety. Conclusion The findings suggest it is of critical importance to promote a healthy body image recognition and expectation and improve mood regulation for young females with abdominal obesity high in trait anxiety.

This study presents new geochronological, whole-rock geochemical, and zircon Hf isotopic evidence for the age, petrogenesis, and source of Mesozoic granitic rocks of the Xing’an Block, Northeast China. This evidence reveals the Late Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the eastern section of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometryzircon U–Pb age data indicate that the syenogranite, monzogranite, and alkali feldspar granite units, as well as their associated diorite microgranular enclaves, were emplaced between 150–142 Ma, providing evidence of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous magmatic events within the Xing’an Block. The granites contain high concentrations of SiO2 (65.24%–75.73 wt.%) and K2O (3.94%–5.30 wt.%), low concentrations of MgO (0.10%–1.30 wt.%), and A/CNK values of 0.92–1.06. In addition, Hf isotopic analysis of zircons from the 150–142 Ma granites yields εHf(t) values of +4.54 to +12.16 and two-stage Hf model aged from 906 to 423 Ma, indicating that they formed from magmas generated by partial melting of a juvenile Neoproterozoic–Phanerozoic accreted crustal source. The basic magma source for the diorite microgranular enclaves most likely formed from partial melting of a depleted mantle that had been metasomatized by subduction-related fluids. Combining these new geochemical data with the geology of this region, Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous magmatism in the Xing’an Block most likely occurred in an extensional environment associated with closure of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean.

Controversy has long surrounded the tectonic framework and evolution of the Mudanjiang Ocean between the Bureya–Jiamusi–Khanka Massif and Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range Massif, which are located in th...

The authors examined the relative contributions of three aspects of executive function with two-dimensional (2D) mental rotation in children between 8 and 12 years old. Participants were given one standard 2D mental rotation measure, two working memory tasks (Corsi blocks and digit span), two inhibitory control tasks (Stroop and go/no go), and two planning ability tests (Tower of Hanoi and Tower of London). The correlational patterns between executive function and 2D mental rotation were different depending on age. More inhibitory control in younger children was associated with better performance in mental rotation, but not in older children. These results add to the understanding of the specific nature of children's executive function-mental rotation relations.

Viral entry into the host cell is the first step towards successful infection. Viral entry starts with virion attachment, and binding to receptors. Receptor binding viruses either directly release their genome into the cell, or enter cells through endocytosis. For DNA viruses and a few RNA viruses, the endocytosed viruses will transport from cytoplasm into the nucleus followed by gene expression. Receptors on the cell membrane play a crucial role in viral infection. Although several attachment factors, or candidate receptors, for the infection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) were identified in shrimp, the authentic entry receptors for WSSV infection and the intracellular signaling triggering by interaction of WSSV with receptors remain unclear. In the present study, a receptor for WSSV infection in kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus, was identified. It is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) with a transmembrane region, and is similar to the vertebrate polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR); therefore, it was designated as a pIgR-like protein (MjpIgR for short). MjpIgR was detected in all tissues tested, and its expression was significantly induced by WSSV infection at the mRNA and protein levels. Knockdown of MjpIgR, and blocking MjpIgR with its antibody inhibited WSSV infection in shrimp and overexpression of MjpIgR facilitated the invasion of WSSV. Further analyses indicated that MjpIgR could independently render non-permissive cells susceptible to WSSV infection. The extracellular domain of MjpIgR interacts with envelope protein VP24 of WSSV and the intracellular domain interacts with calmodulin (MjCaM). MjpIgR was oligomerized and internalized following WSSV infection and the internalization was associated with endocytosis of WSSV. The viral internalization facilitating ability of MjpIgR could be blocked using chlorpromazine, an inhibitor of clathrin dependent endocytosis. Knockdown of Mjclathrin and its adaptor protein AP-2 also inhibited WSSV internalization. All the results indicated that MjpIgR-mediated WSSV endocytosis was clathrin dependent. The results suggested that MjpIgR is a WSSV receptor, and that WSSV enters shrimp cells via the pIgR-CaM-Clathrin endocytosis pathway., Author summary White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is one of the most virulent pathogens in shrimp farming. Several viral candidate receptors, or attachment factors were reported in previous studies, however, most of them are not authentic transmembrane proteins. In particular, the protein receptor(s) required the intracellular signaling triggering by interaction of WSSV with receptors remain unclear. In the present study, a polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) like protein, a bona fide transmembrane receptor, was identified in kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus (MjpIgR for short). Knockdown of MjpIgR by RNA interference, and blocking it by its antibody prevented WSSV infection in shrimp and overexpression of MjpIgR facilitated the invasion of WSSV. Further study found that MjpIgR could independently render non-permissive cells susceptible to WSSV infection. The extracellular cellular domain of MjpIgR interacts with envelope protein VP24 of WSSV and the intracellular domain interacts with calmodulin (MjCaM). MjpIgR was oligomerized and internalized following WSSV infection and the internalization was associated with endocytosis of WSSV. The viral internalization facilitating ability of MjpIgR could be blocked using chlorpromazine, an inhibitor of clathrin dependent endocytosis, indicating that MjpIgR-mediated WSSV endocytosis was clathrin dependent. The results suggested that MjpIgR is a WSSV receptor, and that WSSV enters shrimp cells via the pIgR-CaM-Clathrin endocytosis pathway. This study provides a new target for WSSV control in shrimp aquaculture.

There is increasing evidence that inadequate family environments (family material environment and family psychosocial environment) are not only social problems but also factors contributing to adverse neurocognitive outcomes. In the present study, the authors investigated the relationship among family environments, children's naturalistic affective state, self-reported stress, and executive functions in a sample of 157 Chinese families. These findings revealed that in inadequate family material environments, reduced children's cognitive flexibility is associated with increased naturalistic negative affectivity and self-reported stress. In addition, naturalistic negative affectivity mediated the association between family expressiveness and children's cognitive flexibility. The authors used a structural equation model to examine the mediation model hypothesis, and the results confirmed the mediating roles of naturalistic negative affectivity and self-reported stress between family environments and the cognitive flexibility of Chinese children. These findings indicate the importance of reducing stress and negative emotional state for improving cognitive functions in children of low socioeconomic status.

The Beiya gold deposit is located in the central part of the Jinshajiang–Honghe strike–slip belt, at the junction zone of the Tethys-Himalaya orogenic belt and the Yangtze plate in SW China. This large-scale (125.6 million metric tonnes with a mean grade of 2.42 g/t) Au-rich polymetallic deposit is related to alkaline porphyry intrusions. Previous studies show that the Beiya alkaline porphyry intrusions are the fractionation product of a mantle-derived magma emplaced in an extension environment at the post-collision stage of the India–Eurasian plate collision; the Beiya deposit is considered to be skarn-related. Based on detailed field studies and previous work, we propose that the Beiya porphyry and associated Au-rich polymetallic ores were formed by the emplacement of magmas within the Jinshajiang–Honghe strike–slip fault during the late stage of the India–Eurasian plate collision at 45–25 Ma. At Beiya, the mineralized zones in the Cu–Au-rich porphyries are surrounded by Au–Cu–Fe skarns and Au (Cu) veins. Pb–Zn–Ag-rich mineralization was derived from the inner porphyry, and is widely developed outside the central alkaline-rich porphyry. The sulfur isotope signature of the sulfide mineralization in the Beiya and Qinhe deposits is − 2.40‰–4.50‰ and 1.25–2.75‰, respectively. These values are close to 0‰, indicating that the sulfur may be mantle-derived. The δ 18 O compositions of the ore-forming fluids responsible for the formation of calcites at Qinhe are 8.10‰–9.61‰, which is lower than that of Beiya (δ 18 O = 10.5‰) where the ores contain a larger contribution of oxygen from the mantle. The Beiya porphyry magmas provided fluids and the heat that drove the transport of the metals to the site of deposition. Alkaline porphyries are widely distributed throughout the Jinshajiang–Honghe strike–slip fault belt, and they are potential hosts to future discoveries of Beiya-style mineralization.

To constrain the processes of mantle–crust interactions during magma generation and reconstruct the tectonic evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean, we present an integrated study involving detailed geological field work, petrological observations, zircon U–Pb–Hf isotope analyses, whole-rock geochemistry, and mineral chemistry for the Tayuan Complex in the northern Great Xing'an Range, NE China. The Tayuan Complex is composed mainly of monzogranites (host granitoids) and gabbros with minor amounts of quartz monzonites, and microgranular enclaves (MMEs) are unevenly distributed within the host granitoids. Our new zircon U-Pb dating results show that the host granitoids were emplaced during the late Carboniferous (318 ± 4 Ma and 319 ± 2 Ma). The MMEs yield similar zircon U-Pb ages of 320 ± 2 Ma and 322 ± 5 Ma, within error of the emplacement ages of the host granitoids. In this study, the petrological and geochemical features of the Tayuan Complex indicate disequilibrium conditions, and we favor a magma mixing model to explain the genesis of various rock types within the complex. Combined with the petrological and geochemical observations, we suggest that the host granitoids can be ascribed to felsic end-member and they originated from the partial melting of the Meso–Neoproterozoic medium- to high-K basaltic lower crust. According to the petrological and geochemical features, the gabbros in Tayuan complex are closely related to the mafic end-member, and we conclude that they were derived from the partial melting of depleted mantle that was metasomatized by subducted slab-derived fluids, and that clinopyroxene, hornblende and Fe-Ti oxides were fractionated during magma generation. The MMEs and coeval quartz monzonites in Tayuan complex represent the mixing of felsic and mafic end-member magmas. Our new data, combined with the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of the Carboniferous magmatism in the Great Xing'an Range, indicate the generation of the late Carboniferous Tayuan complex was related to the northwestward subduction of the Paleo-Asian oceanic plate.

The Beiya skarn gold deposit is located in the eastern Tethyan orogenic belt in western Yunnan province, China. It is one of the largest gold deposits in China, with significant amounts of silver and base metals. To the end of 2014, the estimated resources are 125 million tonnes (Mt) of ore, grading 2.42 g/t Au, 0.48 wt % Cu, 25.5 wt % Fe, 38.85 g/t Ag, 1.24 wt % Pb, and 0.53 wt % Zn. Skarn alteration and mineralization are related to shoshonitic quartz monzonite porphyries that were emplaced in Triassic carbonates (Beiya Formation). Re-Os dating on molybdenite from a skarn orebody indicates an ore-forming age of 36.82 ± 0.48 Ma, which is consistent with previous dating results of the quartz monzonite porphyries. At least two paragenetic stages of skarn minerals and associated sulfides were recognized, with the early stage typified by garnet ± pyroxene, magnetite, and calcite, and the late stage characterized by epidote, amphibole, chlorite, quartz, and calcite, containing up to 70% sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, and minor pyrrhotite). The early skarn is dominated by anhydrous minerals, which were replaced by hydrous minerals formed during the late stage. The garnet in the Beiya deposit is andradite rich (Ad36–97Gr3–61), and pyroxene is relatively diopside rich (Di8–91Hd7–89). This mineral assemblage indicates an oxidized skarn system, similar to other Au-Cu, Fe-bearing skarn deposits around the world. Fluid inclusions from pyroxene indicate precipitation from high-temperature and high- to moderate-salinity fluids (420°–530°C, 11.1–43.3 wt % NaCl equiv), which probably results from boiling of a moderately saline magmatic fluid. Cooler (180°–365°C) and moderate- to low-salinity fluids (1.6–16.5 wt % NaCl equiv) were trapped in garnet and quartz and are interpreted to be responsible for gold deposition. Chlorite chemistry indicates ore-forming temperatures between 300° and 340°C, in agreement with fluid inclusion data. It appears that gold was transported as chloride complexes under oxidized conditions and was deposited at temperatures of about 300°C, when transport of chloride complexes as gold carriers was less efficient.

The Toll pathway is essential for inducing an immune response to defend against bacterial invasion in vertebrates and invertebrates. Although Toll receptors and the transcription factor Dorsal were identified in different shrimp, relatively little is known about how the Toll pathway is activated or the function of the pathway in shrimp antibacterial immunity. In this study, three Tolls (Toll1-3) and the Dorsal were identified in Marsupenaeus japonicus. The Toll pathway can be activated by gram-positive (G+) and gram-negative (Gˉ) bacterial infection. Unlike Toll binding to spatzle in Drosophila, shrimp Tolls could directly bind to pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from G+ and Gˉ bacteria, resulting in Dorsal translocation into nucleus to regulate the expression of different antibacterial peptides (AMPs) in the clearance of infected bacteria. These findings suggest that shrimp Tolls are pattern recognition receptors and the Toll pathway in shrimp is different from the Drosophila Toll pathway but identical with the mammalian Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway in its activation and antibacterial functions.

Emergency control is an important approach to maintain security and stability of power system, and fast quantization of control strategy is significant for engineering calculations. This article is based on the engineering approach which is called ‘offline decision-making, real-time matching’. Firstly, the power-angle characteristic curve of critical cluster can be obtained by a time-domain simulation. Then, the current mutation factor around generator-shedding under the selected control strategy can be calculated through equivalent network, and the power-angle characteristic curve of critical cluster can be corrected by this factor. Finally, the stability of critical cluster will be determined by EEAC. The critical amount of generator-shedding can be found by increasing the amount of control constantly and cycling the above procedure repeatedly. Numerical examples shows that the accuracy of this method is good, and the sequence of all schemes will be sorted by the amount of generator-shedding meanwhile. So, this method can facility the search of optimal scheme and the exhaustive search in current project can be avoided.

In this note we prove that the boundedness and compactness of the Toeplitz operator on the Bergman space \(L_a^2 (\mathbb{B}_n )\) for several complex variables with a BMO1 symbol is completely determined by the boundary behavior of its Berezin transform.

The nano-TiO2photocatalyst was prepared via sol-gel method, and the crystal structure and surface morphology were characterized by XRD and SEM. The photocatalytic degradation of ammonia-N in aquaculture wastewater was investigated by using nano-TiO2under UV irradiation. In the experiment, the effect of nano-TiO2dosage, ammonia-N initial concentration, pH value, H2O2volume concentration, and reaction time, respectively, on the removal of ammonia-N was investigated. On the basis of the results of these experimental data, an orthogonal array experimental design was used to select more efficient degradation condition. The optimal experimental conditions for photocatalytic degradation of ammonia-N can be stated as follows: when the concentration of ammonia-N was 20 mg/L, nano-TiO2catalyst dosage was 1.2 g/L, the pH value of solution was 5, H2O2volume fraction was 4 %, respectively, if the reaction time may last 3 h, the removal rate of ammonia-N was expected to reach 92.10 %.

In this paper, we obtain some growth estimates for Hardy-Sobolev functions of the unit ball. We also give the representation of the spectra of composition operators Cφ on \(H_\beta ^2 (\mathbb{B}_n )\) and describe the Fredholmness of Cφ equivalently.

Let $H(\mathbb{D})$ denote the space of all holomorphic functions on the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ of $\mathbb{C}$. Let $\varphi$ be a holomorphic self-map of $\mathbb{D}$, $n$ be a positive integer and $g\in H(\mathbb{D})$. In this paper, we investigate the boundedness and compactness of a generalized integration operator $$ I^{(n)}_{g,\varphi}f(z) = \int^z_0 f^{(n)}(\varphi(\zeta)) g(\zeta) d\zeta,\ \ z \in \mathbb{D},$$ between Bloch-type spaces and $F(p,q,s)$ spaces.

Secure secret communication in a hierarchy is widely used in the e-commerce, e-government affairs or the other systems with a hierarchy structure. A one-way key management scheme for an encryption system in a hierarchy based on the one-way hash function is proposed in this paper. In which one group can obtain the key of its subordinate group securely and easily, but the opposite is not allowed. It is easy to add or delete a security group and it is easy to change the key of a security group. This scheme has the characteristics of needing low computation and low storage, being high distributed and having parallel computing.