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The amplitude-frequency characteristic of a seismic wave excited by explosion sources directly affects the accuracy of seismic exploration. To reveal the effect law related to a cylindrical charge, this research proposes a seismic wavefield model excited by a long cylindrical charge. According to the characteristics of the blasting cavity generated by a finite-length cylindrical charge, the seismic wavefield characteristics of a cylindrical charge excitation are obtained by superposing the seismic wavefield excited by a series of spherical charges. Numerical simulation results show that the calculation error of the blasting cavity characteristics of the theoretical model is within 10%. The comparison with field experimental results shows that the error of the model is within 9.4%. The velocity field of the excited seismic wave is almost the same as that of the spherical charge when the explosion distance to the cylindrical charge with finite length is 16–21 times longer than the charge length, but the frequency of the seismic wave is 30% higher than for a spherical charge. Moreover, the explosive velocity has a certain influence on the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the seismic wave excited by the cylindrical charge. The established theoretical model can accurately describe the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the seismic wavefield excited by a cylindrical charge with finite length.

In this study, suspended zinc oxide nanoparticles were used as the electron transport layer in trans-perovskite solar cells. The perovskite film was prepared by a liquid two-step method, and the crystallinity, surface morphology, and optical and photoelectric properties of the perovskite films were then investigated. The results showed that the crystallinity and film compactness of the perovskite could be controlled by the stoichiometric quantity and the perovskite formation rate. Moreover, the film morphology was affected by the annealing temperature, duration, and the amount of toluene solvent, which could be leveraged to enhance the efficiency of the device due to the charge trapping defect. The optimal annealing temperature and duration were 80 °C and 10 min, and the optimal volume ratio of isopropyl alcohol to toluene was 9:1. The highest performing perovskite solar cells in this study exhibited an energy conversion efficiency of 15.78%, a short-circuit current of 20.80 mA/cm2, an open circuit voltage of 1.10 V, and a fill factor of 0.69.

Objective To observe the regulation of Shuanghuang Shengbai Granule (SHSBG) on regulating Wnt signaling pathway in tumor-bearing mice with chemotherapy induced myelosuppression. Methods Chemotherapy induced myelosuppression model was established in Lewis lung tumor bearing mice by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CTX). And then they were intervened by SHSBG. Routine white blood cell (WBC) count, red blood cell (RBC) count, platelet count, and tumor mass were calculated. Ratios of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell (Sca, CD34 double positive cells) were detec- ted by flow cytometry. mRNA expression of main genes in Wnt signaling pathway (Wnt, β-catenin, Frizzted, DSH, GSK3) were detected using real time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Results The number of WBC and ratio of hematopoietic stem cells in the treatment group were higher than those in the model group (P0. 05). Expressions of Wnt, β-catenin, Frizzted, DSH, and GSK3 mRNA in the bone marrow were higher in the treatment group than in the model group (P0. 05). Expressions of Wnt, β-catenin, Frizzted, and DSH mRNA expression in tumors were lower in the treatment group than in the model group (P0. 05). There was no statistical difference in counts of RBC and platelet, tumor mass, or GSK3 mR- NA expression among all groups (P0. 05). Conclusions The mechanism for SHSBG treating myelo-suppression was related to regulating Wnt signaling pathway. Besides, it had dual regulation effect on Wnt signaling pathway, up-regulating expressions of main genes in Wnt signaling pathway while inhibiting ex- pressions of partial genes in tumors.

With the maturity of the self-driving car technology, the self-driving car advertising platform will provide the excellent capability of precision personalized advertising recommendation, and bring great changes to current advertising modes. By proposing the model and the system architecture of the future self-driving car advertising platform, this paper design the scheduling algorithm and dynamic adjusting mechanism to maximize the comprehensive platform benefit. With orthogonal bat algorithm, the simulation model is effective to solve the multi-objective optimization in this advertising scheduling scene and issues such as vehicle routing problem under the constraint conditions of time window and repeat Multi-route limitations, the experiment results show that optimum parameters solution can be obtained in a reasonable time, and can convergence to global optimal solution also.

The expression of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) has been reported to be involved in the regulation of integrin-mediated processes, including cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Previous studies have demonstrated that inhibition of ILK may be an underlying approach for treating cancer. However, whether the knock down of ILK affects growth and apoptosis of lung cancer cells remains to be elucidated. Importantly, whether downregulation of ILK increases the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to cisplatin and amplifies cell apoptosis also remains to be elucidated. In the present study, ILK downregulation was mediated by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference. The expression levels of associated genes were determined by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Cell proliferation was evaluated using a modified 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and clone formation assay. The cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed using flow cytometry. The current data revealed that lentivirus-mediated ILK gene silencing alone inhibited A549 cell proliferation and promotes cell cycle arrest, however, had no detectable effect on cell apoptosis. However, combined treatment with lentivirus-mediated ILK interference and cisplatin chemotherapy induced significantly more cell apoptosis than mono-chemotherapy or knockdown. The increased cell apoptosis and proliferation inhibition were attributed to abnormal downstream protein expression of ILK, including phospho-glycogen synthase kinase 3β, p-AKT, activator protein-1, β-catenin, cyclin D1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9. ILK inhibition may suppress the proliferation of A549 and increase A549 sensitivity to cisplatin. The combined treatment of ILK gene knockdown and chemotherapy has the potential to improve anticancer efficacy.

Tool wear can affect surface quality of the work-piece and frequent tool changing leads to low machining efficiency. Tool life of milling ultrahigh strength steel is thus an important indicator in manufacturing. In this study, we compare Diffuse Approximation (DA) and Kriging method for predicting tool life of milling ultrahigh strength steel. Latin hypercube method is employed as design of experiments after comparing three different designs of experiments (full factorial design, Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) and random design). An example with LHS is taken to investigate accuracy of approximation of DA and Kriging method. The results show that the DA provides significant improvement in accuracy of prediction compared with Kriging method. Tool life of milling ultrahigh strength steel predicted by DA is almost close to ‘exact’ values, especial for big mutation of adjacent measured values. The most errors with DA are less than ones with Kriging method.

The water droplet erosion protection of the rotor blades has been an important issue for a long time, regardless of the design. The aim of this paper is to present a aerodynamic design method for decrease risk of water droplet erosion in wet steam turbine, as well as to present the comparison between then five diffrent bow stator blades. This paper also presents numerical investigation of three dimensional wet steam flows in a stage. This stage has long transonic blades designed using recent aerodynamic and mechanical design methods. The results show that, the one of the five diffrent bow stator blades decrease rist of water droplet erosion of rotaional blades, and the change of the efficiency is small.

A large number of weakly rigid parts are used in the progress of aircraft assembly, while it’s deviation will affect the quality of the product finally. The assembly variation model of aircraft weakly rigid parts based on influence coefficient method are constructed for controlling assembly accuracy effectively. Based on the linear elastic hypothesis of small deformation, the model carry out the mechanical analysis of aircraft weakly rigid parts in the typical process of positioning, clamping, jointing and spring-back. Influence coefficient matrix of the key features affected by parts manufacturing variation and fixture variation is calculated through the Finite Element method and Monte Carlo simulation, then the assembly variation model is constructed. Finally, based on the above model, an engineering example of assembly variation prediction of aircraft panels was given.

Due to the deflection of tool and workpiece induced by cutting force, there is a high complexity associated with the prediction of surface form errors in peripheral milling of thin-walled workpieces. Based on the systematic study of in-cutting chip, this paper proposes a new efficient iterative algorithm named flexible iterative algorithm (FIAL)， which is suitable for surface form errors prediction in peripheral milling of low rigid thin-walled workpiece. In FIAL, an iterative scheme for calculations of tool/workpiece (TW) deflections are developed by considering the former convergence cutting position, and in the scheme a new important variable Δ is proposed for the calculation of radial cutting depth which never been considered before. Based on FIAL and the analytical study of in-cutting chip, a double iterative algorithm (DIAL) is brought forwarded to calculate the positions and magnitude of the maximum surface form errors, which always take the peak point include in each iterative step. Comparisons of the form errors and cutting forces obtained numerically and experimentally confirm the validity of the proposed algorithms and simulation procedure. The experimental and analytical results have shown that FIAL is faster in the iteration convergent speed and more accurate than the rigid iterative algorithm in surface form errors prediction, and DIAL is proved to be valid in the maximum errors prediction.

A seismic wave is essentially an elastic wave, which propagates in the soil medium, with the strength of initial elastic wave being created by an explosion source that has a significant effect on seismic wave energy. In order to explore the explosive energy effect on output characteristics of the elastic wave field, four explosives with different work capacity (i.e., TNT, 8701, composition B and THL) were used to study the effects of elastic wave pressure and rise time of stress wave to the peak value of explosions in soils. All the experimental data was measured under the same geological conditions using a self-designed pressure measuring system. This study was based on the analysis of the initial pressure of elastic waves from the energy output characteristics of the explosives. The results show that this system is feasible for underground pressure tests, and the addition of aluminum powder increases the pressure of elastic waves and energy release of explosions in soils. The explosive used as a seismic energy source in petroleum and gas exploration should have properties of high explosion heat and low volume of explosion gas products.

The riveting joint is the main connection to fasten two thin-walled sheet-metal parts in aircraft assembly. As one of important parameters in riveting process, the riveting force is mostly determined by the experience and experiments in actual production, lack of theoretical basis supported. This paper researched the maximum allowed value of riveting force in the elastic deformation stage of riveting process. Based on the theory of compression instability, the mathematics model of relationship among rivets diameter, rivet holes diameter and maximum riveting force was built. Then, by using the software for finite element analysis-ABAQUS, the instance of riveting process simulation was made. Finally, the result of instances simulation was compared with the mathematics model. The comparison shows that the mathematics model based on the theory of compression instability is effective and correct.

The riveting joint is the main connection method in aircraft assembly. There are some kind of rivets, such as slug rivet and protruding rivet, that riveting quality will be impacted while rivets axis are not coincident with the plate holes axis. By using the finite element method with ABAQUS software, this paper built the 3D riveting joint structure of finite element, and analyzed the axis deviation effect on the deformation, stress and strain of riveting. Through statistical data, the relationship among axis deviation value, deformation, stress and strain of rivet are built.

Three-dimensional piezothermoelastic solutions for a finite functionally graded cylindrical shell with piezoelectric layer are carried out in this paper. The cylindrical shell is simply supported at four end edges and is subjected to axisymmetric thermomechanical loads. The piezoelectric layers are polarized along radial direction as a sensor. The material properties are assumed to be temperature independent and radially dependent but are assumed to be homogeneous in each layer; the variables are expanded in Fourier series to satisfy the boundary conditions and multilayer approach is used. Numerical results of mullite/molybdenum functionally graded cylindrical shell are presented; the temperature change, stresses, electric potential, and electric displacement distributions are given and briefly discussed.

The exact three-dimensional piezo-thermo-mechanical solution for a finite cylindrical composite panel composed of cross-ply and piezoelectric laminate is presented in this article. The panel is simply supported at four end edges and is subjected to thermo-mechanical loadings on its top and bottom surfaces, respectively. The piezoelectric layers are polarized along radial direction as a sensor. The variables are expanded layerwise in Fourier series to satisfy the boundary conditions at the simply supported ends. As an example, a cross-ply laminated cylindrical panel made of alumina fiber reinforced aluminum composite, associated with a piezoelectric material of crystal class mm2 is calculated. Furthermore, some numerical results for the temperature change, the displacement, stresses, electric potential, and electric displacement distributions are shown in figures and briefly discussed.

In the process of information semantic integration for product design and manufacturing, it is very important to express the product information semantic. Description logics (DLs) are a family of state-of-the-art knowledge representation languages, and a decidable subset of first-order logic. Firstly, by analyzing the characteristics of product information, proposed a semantic information description framework based on description logics for product information integration, which is divided into three levels: basic description logic, classic extended logic and unusual extended logic. Then, in the framework, reducer was taken for example to illustrate the application of their description logic in product design and manufacturing formal semantic information. Finally, based on description logic, discussed reasoning problems of product design and manufacturing information.

In the process of automated riveting, the position between the riveting head and the holes distributed on the stringer and wing skin to be riveted will go beyond the design requirements currently. Using the edge distance determination technology to measure and compensate the deviation in time is one effective method to solve this problem. In the dissertation, after the characteristic of the edge distance determination technology is introduced, the working principle of the edge distance tracer apparatus is developed. Based on the mechanical design solution, a pressure sensor is selected to measure the position relationship between the riveting head and the stringer. Then an edge distance tracer apparatus is struck out to detect the deviation, which is an automatic positioning feedback device that can be fit for many kinds of stringers. And the riveting head is operated to meet the design deviation requirements. By using this technology, the drilling precision of the automated riveting system can be effectively improved.

Pulleys and bushing have different linear expansion coefficient, relatively sliding may occur between them when hated, therefore, we have to ensure that there's enough interference volume within pulleys and bushing. First of all, using simplify numerical method calculated theoretical extreme temperature, then taking simulate analysis with ABAQUS finite element analysis software, through the change of CPRESS and COPEN in different temperature field, extract the extremely working temperature of aluminum pulleys. and then determined the limitation and cooperation relationships by comparison.

In this paper, we introduce the study on fuzzy neural network control used in wastewater treatment. An effective fuzzy neural network controller is proposed. The simulation result shows that the system gives strong robustness and good dynamic characteristics. It is used to control dissolved oxygen and forecast water quality. The result indicates that the concentration of dissolved oxygen can reach expectation fleetly and effectively. The model has better precision of forecasting and faster speed of convergence.

Blanker holder force (BHF) is one of the important parameters in sheet metal forming process, which is loaded by blanker holder in order to avoid wrinkling. With the development of technology, segmented blanker holder is applied to complicated product forming in order to improve the parts quality. On the basis of analyzing the character of rectangle box forming, the blank holder was divided eight portions, including 2 long straight segments, 2 short straight segments and 4 corners, which each part can separately move. Then the forming simulation of the low carbon steel rectangular box with segmented constant BHF was conducted using orthogonal experiment and considering test conditions. After the results were analyzed according to the thinnest level of the parts, the influence of the segmented blank holder on rectangular box forming was obtained. It indicates that the segmented blank holder has the ability of the local control to sheet metal forming, and can effectively adjust material flow and the strain distribution.

The form of blank holder and the manner of blank holder force (BHF) on the complicated parts forming are very important. The blank holder of rectangle box forming was divided long straight segments, short straight segments and corners. The forming process simulation of rectangular box was conducted by FEM based on explicit algorithm, including single-piece blank holder with constant BHF, single-piece blank holder with variable BHF, segmented blank holder with constant BHF, segmented blank holder with variable BHF. The results were analyzed according to the thinnest level of the parts. The displacement in the Z direction of blank holder in the simulation was considered, and the method of determining segmented variable blank holder force (VBHF) was proposed. Finally rectangular box was obtained by rectangular box drawing system of segmented variable BHF on the basis of the simulation result.

This paper proposes a new efficient iterative algorithm which named flexible iterative algorithm (FIAL) with a general approach suitable for surface form errors prediction in peripheral milling of thin-walled workpiece. First, a FEA-Based model is presented to analyze the surface dimensional errors in peripheral milling of thin-walled workpieces. Then the FIAL is discussed in detail for the procedure of deformation prediction. From FIAL, an iterative scheme for the calculations of tool/workpiece deflections considering the former convergence cutting position are developed，in the scheme a small variable must be included in the calculation of radial cutting depth which never been considered in the literatures before.The proposed approach is validated and proved to be efficient through comparing the obtained numerical results with the test results.

The sheet forming simulation of rectangular box was conducted by finite element method (FEM), the forming process experiment, further, was investigated, so as to understand the effect of the form of blank holder and the manner of blank holder force (BHF) on the complicated parts forming. In my study, a kind of low carbon steel was investigated, and its mechanical properties were obtained by simple tension tests. The outermost contour of the blank shape was determined by “one step method”. Furthermore, the finite element model was constructed by ANSYS parametric design language (APDL), which has characteristic of grid meshing by Belytschko-Tsay (BT) shell element, applying anisotropic constitutive equation of Barlat yield criterion, dealing contact by penalty function method and using adaptive mesh algorithm in the simulation process. Then the forming process simulation of rectangular box with segmented variable BHF was conducted. On the basis of analyzing the work principle and technical parameters of XP3CEF-100 hydraulic press, the rectangular box drawing system of segmented VBHF was established, which was made of hydraulic press, rectangular box drawing die of segmented blank holder, hydraulic part of blank holder and control part. Finally the low carbon steel forming tests were fulfilled by the rectangular box drawing system on the basis of the simulation result.

OBJECTIVE To explore the dual regulatory effects of Shuanghuang Shengbai Granule, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on cell cycle in Lewis-bearing mice with chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. METHODS Thrity Lewis-bearing mice were randomly divided into control group, untreated group and treated group. A model of myelosuppression was established by peritoneal injection of cyclophosphamide to Lewis-bearing mice. Mice in the treated group were treated with Shuanghaung Shengbai Granule for 6 days. Cell cycle progressions of cells collected from bone marrow and tumor tissues were assayed by flow cytometry, and proliferation index (PI) was also calculated. Expressions of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) and cyclin D1 in bone marrow and tumor tissues were detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemical method. RESULTS Percentages of bone marrow and tumor cells in G0/G1 phase in the untreated group were lower than those in the control group; however, the PI of untreated group was higher than that of the control group. The expressions of CDK4, CDK6 and cyclin D1 in bone marrow and tumor tissues in the untreated group were increased as compared with the control group. Compared with the untreated group and the control group, the percentage of bone marrow cells in G0/G1 phase was decreased, and the PI of bone marrow cells and the expressions of CDK4, CDK6 and cyclin D1 were increased in bone marrow in the treated group. However, the percentage of tumor cells in G0/G1 phase in the treated group was increased, and the PI of tumor cells and the expressions of CDK4, CDK6 and cyclin D1 in tumor tissues were decreased as compared with the untreated and control groups. CONCLUSION Shuanghuang Shengbai Granule may have a function of cell cycle dual regulation in Lewis-bearing mice with chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression by regulating the expressions of CDK4, CDK6 and cyclin D1 in bone marrow and tumor tissues.

With the recent growth of the Internet, the on-line brand community has been a major vehicle for building a corporate brand asset. This study aimed to identify the effective relationship between confidence, identification, and a brand attitude according to the on-line brand community type. As a result of an empirical analysis, first, the customer-driven community showed higher confidence and identification than those of the corporate-held community. Also, the customer-driven community was assessed more favorable also in the brand attitude. Second, the interactive effect between the community type and community activities was found to be significant in the confidence of the community confidence, and it was also the same for the identification of the community. Therefore, it would be necessary for companies to prepare strategies for improving the level of confidence and the identification of consumers in consideration of the community type for effective brand management on-line.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the inhibitory effects of Feiyanning Decoction, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine for replenishing qi, nourishing essence, and diminishing stagnation by detoxification, on proliferation, migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS: HUVECs were isolated from the new-born umbilical core of human. Serum containing Feiyanning was prepared in SD rats by oral gavage of the Feiyanning Decoction for three days. The inhibitory effects of different contents of serum containing Feiyanning on the proliferation of HUVECs, human lung adenocarcinoma cell A549, and HUVECs cultured with A549-conditioned media were observed by sulforhodamine B (SRB) method; the effects on migration of HUVECs were inspected by using Boyden Chamber Transwell method, and the effects on tube formation of HUVECs were evaluated by cavity forming experiment. RESULTS: Serum containing Feiyanning at a concentration of 25%, 37.5% or 50% inhibited the proliferation of both the HUVECs and the HUVECs cultured with A549-conditioned media (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). High concentration serum containing Feiyanning inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells. Sera containing Feiyanning at concentrations of 12.5% to 37.5% inhibited the migration of HUVECs induced by 20% fetal bovine serum (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) and the formation of the primary tube of HUVECs. CONCLUSION: Feiyanning Decoction can inhibit the angiogenesis of HUVECs, which may be one of its mechanisms in inhibiting the invasion metastases of lung cancer.

An efficient flexible iterative algorithm with a general approach is presented for calculations of surface form errors in peripheral milling of thin-walled workpiece. An efficient finite-element model for tool/workpiece is presented to analyze the surface dimensional errors in peripheral milling of aerospace thin-walled workpieces. The efficient flexible iterative algorithm is proposed to calculate the deflections and the maximum surface form errors as contrasted with the rigid iterative algorithm used in the literatures. Meanwhile, some key techniques such as the finite-element modeling of the tool-workpiece system; the determinant algorithm to judge instantaneous immersion boundaries between a cutter element and the workpiece; iterative scheme for the calculations of tool-workpiece deflections considering the former convergence cutting position are developed and the method for calculating the position and magnitude of the maximum surface form errors are developed and presented in detail. The proposed approach is validated and proved to be efficient through comparing the obtained numerical results with the test results.

Fixture design is a complex and intuitive process. An efficient fixture design system is essential to cut costs and reduce product lead time. For networked manufacturing, the fixture design system must contain characteristics of rapid configuration designing, three-dimensional (3D) modelling, a completely standardized elements database, and it should be able to transfer information with various other systems. For the requirement of rapid configuration design, based on the analysis of the contents and characteristics of fixture design, a hybrid CBR/KBR (case-based reasoning/knowledge-based reasoning) fixture design method is proposed, with CBR as its core, KBR as its assistant and CBR as the support of case-adaptation process. Using design information, the designer can obtain a satisfactory subset of possible configuration designs of a fixture from the KBR process. Then the designer, using this subset and other information (via FIXCOD system), can obtain a similar design of the fixture from the retrieving case database, and then finally use the CBR adaptation technique to obtain the satisfied design of fixture. Networked information releasing technology is applied to part design in the computer aided design (CAD) system, and a new 3D modelling method is presented, driven by networked parameters. The data on the web are integrated into the CAD system to realize multithreading data exchange between the web information releasing system and the CAD system, which will make the CAD system obtain data from the web. Then networked 3D modelling will be realized by the driving of parameters from the web, and a proved model based on CATIA is provided. The internet and the use of extensible mark-up language (XML) as a file format provide a means for the transfer of information and knowledge between the various computer aided manufacturing (CAM) systems. The system has been implemented using Java and is based on a three-tier browser/server (B/S) architecture. This ensures the platform independent performance of the system.

A new approach is proposed to model the milling force based on the cutting force shape characteristics in end milling. The relationship between the cutting force shape characteristics and the cutting depths is analyzed and milling forces are classified into 10 types according to the combination of cutting depths. Further, force indices are extracted and then the real cutting depths are detected based on the changes of force curve characteristics via the force indices in end milling process. Then, bring forward a method of modeling cutting force based on the different types, and the use of real cutting depth makes the model to be more accurately. More important, experiments designed on the classification of milling forces strengthen the pertinence, and makes the experiment data more reliable. The approach is validated through experiments on aluminum alloy 7050-T7451.

To study the efficacy and safety of Shuanghuang Shengbai Granule (, SSG), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on myelosuppression of cancer patients caused by chemotherapy.A total of 330 patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group (220 cases, analysed 209 cases) and the control group (110 cases, analysed 102 cases) with a 2:1 ratio by envelope method. The patients in the treatment group at the first day of chemotherapy started to take SSG for 14 days, while the patients in the control group took Leucogon Tablets. The changes of the blood routine, clinical symptoms and immune function in both groups were observed for safety and efficacy evaluation.At the 7th day of chemotherapy, the white blood cells (WBCs) level in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P0.05). After treatment, the WBCs rate in the normal range accounted for 50.2% in the treatment group, the myelosuppression of WBCs and neutrophil were mainly grade I, while 8.1% and 5.7% of patients emerged grade III and grade IV myelosuppression, respectively. The incidence of myelosuppression of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05). The total effective rate of Chinese medicine syndrome in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (84.2% vs. 72.5%, P0.05). The immune cell levels in both groups were maintained in the normal range. Compared with that before treatment, the levels of CD3SSG had a protection effect on bone marrow suppression, and alleviated the clinical symptoms together with clinical safety.

To observe the effect of bufalin combined Gefitinib on lung cancer H1975 cells, and to explore its potential mechanisms for anti-tumor.The cytostatic effects of bufalin (1 -100 nmol/L), gefitinib (0.1-20 micromol/L), and bufalin plus gefitinib on H1975 cells were evaluated by MTT assay. Their effects on apoptosis of H1975 cells were determined by flow cytometry (FCM). Their effects on expressions of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Met signal pathway related proteins in H1975 cells were detected by Western blot.Results of MTT assay showed that gefitinib over 5 micromol/L could inhibit H1975 cells. But combined therapy of bufalin and gefitinib could potently inhibit the growth of H1975 cells. Results of FCM showed the apoptotic rate was 61.64% +/- 5.61% in the bufalin plus gefitinib group, obviously higher than that of the bufalin group (18.34% +/- 3.42%) and the gefitinib group (7.32% +/- 1.08%), showing statistical difference (P0.01). Results of Western blot showed the protein expressions of p-EGFR, p-Met, p-Akt, and p-mTOR in H1975 cells could be markedly down-regulated by bufalin plus gefitinib.Combination of bufalin and gefitinib potently inhibited the growth of H1975 cells, and induced cell apoptosis. The potential mechanism for anti-tumor might be involved in blocking EGFR-PI3k/Akt pathway.

The epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), such as gefitinib and erlotinib, have shown promising therapeutic efficacy in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring epidermal growth factor receptor- (EGFR-) activating mutation. However, the inevitable recurrence resulting from acquired resistance has limited the clinical improvement in therapy outcomes. Many studies demonstrate that hepatocyte growth factor- (HGF-) Met axis plays an important role in tumor progression and drug sensitivity. HGF may induce resistance to EGFR-TKIs in EGFR mutant lung cancer cells by Met/PI3K/Akt signaling. The purpose of this study was to determine whether bufalin, a major bioactive component of Venenum Bufonis, could reverse HGF-induced resistance to reversible and irreversible EGFR-TKIs in mutant lung cancer cells PC-9, HCC827, and H1975. Our studies showed that bufalin could reverse resistance to reversible and irreversible EGFR-TKIs induced by exogenous HGF in EGFR mutant lung cancer cells by inhibiting the Met/PI3K/Akt pathway and inducing death signaling. These results suggested that bufalin might have a potential to overcome HGF-induced resistance to molecular-targeted drugs for lung cancer.

We calculate the dimuon production rate from a thermalized quark-gluon plasma in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC energies. Higher-order QCD corrections are included by using an analytical correction factor K(i), which gives very good agreement with experimental Drell-Yan data, and predicts a large enhancement of the thermal dimuon emission over the lowest order rates. We compare the thermal dimuon yields with the expected production from open-charm decays and Drell-Yan background and assess the prospects of observing thermal dimuons from the quark-gluon-plasma at invariant masses of a few GeV.

19-Nor-17 β -hydroxy-17 α -trifluoromethyl- Δ 4 -estren-3-one 6 and its analogs 7 and 8 have been synthesized in total yields of 82%, 54% and 27%, respectively, using Me 3 SiCF 3 as a trifluoromethylating agent. The three compounds showed high affinity for rat uterus PRc.

Background/aim Estrogen is reported to promote the occurrence and development of several human cancers. Increasing evidence shows that most human lung tumors exert estrogen receptor expression. In the present study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of estrogen effect in lung cancer through estrogen receptor-epithelial–mesechymal-transition signaling pathways for the first time. Materials and methods A total of 36 inbred C57BL/6 mice (18 male and 18 female) were injected subcutaneously with human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, Lewis. After the lung tumor model was established, mice with lung adenocarcinoma were randomly divided into three groups for each sex (n=6), such as vehicle group, estrogen group, and estrogen plus tamoxifen group. The six groups of mice were sacrificed after 21 days of drug treatment. Tumor tissue was stripped and weighed, and tumor inhibition rate was calculated based on average tumor weight. Protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of estrogen receptor α (ERα), estrogen receptor β (ERβ), phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3K), AKT, E-cadherin, and vimentin were detected in both tumor tissue and lung tissue by using immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results 1) For male mice: in the estrogen group, estrogen treatment significantly increased ERα protein and mRNA expressions in tumor tissue and protein expression of PI3K, AKT, and vimentin in both tumor tissue and lung tissue compared with the vehicle-treated group. Besides, mRNA expression of E-cadherin was significantly reduced in estrogen-treated tumor tissues than that in vehicle-treated tissues. In the estrogen plus tamoxifen group, protein and mRNA expressions of ERα and AKT were dramatically reduced by tamoxifen treatment in tumor tissue compared with the estrogen group; mRNA expression of E-cadherin was increased in tumor tissue; protein expression of vimentin and PI3K were downregulated in tumor tissue; protein expression of E-cadherin increased in lung tissue; protein expression of ERα and PI3K were downregulated in lung tissue compared with the estrogen group. 2) For female mice: in the estrogen group, estrogen treatment significantly increased mRNA expression of ERβ and PI3K, and protein expression of ERβ, PI3K, AKT, and vimentin in both tumor tissue and lung tissue compared with the vehicle-treated group. mRNA expression of E-cadherin was downregulated in tumor tissue, and mRNA expression of AKT was increased in lung tissues compared with the vehicle-treated group. In the estrogen plus tamoxifen group, tamoxifen treatment dramatically reduced protein expression of ERα, ERβ, AKT, and vimentin but significantly increased protein expression of E-cadherin in tumor tissues and lung tissue compared with the estrogen group. mRNA expression of ERβ, PI3K, and AKT was dramatically reduced by tamoxifen treatment in lung tissues compared with the estrogen group. Conclusion Estrogen promoted lung adenocarcinoma cell metastasis by inducing lung epithelial mesenchymal cells and reducing intercellular adhesion force through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway., Video abstract

The enhancement of k+/π+ ratio in A+B collisions comparing to p+A and/or p+p collisions at similar incident energy is predicted as a possible signal of the quark-gluon plasma formation in ultra-relativistic nucleus- nucleus collisions. Several hadronic models have been developed to see whether the enhancement can also be explained in hadronic scheme. Most of the hadronic thermal models1−4 give positive answer. However,the answers of two hadronic transport models5−6 were really opposite.

To observe the effects of Feiyanning Recipe's (FR) components on the microvessel density (MVD), the mRNA and protein expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 in Lewis tumors loaded in C57BL/6 mice.C57BL/6 Lewis lung cancer mouse model was established. Mice were randomly divided into five groups, i.e., the model group, the FR group, the qi benefiting group, the Shen-tonifying group, and the anti-cancer group. The mice were killed on the 22nd day after 21-day gastrogavage. Tumors were extracted. The MVD of Lewis tumor was detected by immunohistochemical SP method. The mRNA and protein expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were measured using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and SP method.Compared with the model group and the qi benefiting group, the MVD was significantly reduced in the FR group, the Shen-tonifying group, and the anti-cancer group (P0.01, P0.05). But there was no significant difference between the qi benefiting group and the model group (P0.05). The mRNA and protein expressions of MMP-2 in the FR group, the Shen-tonifying group, and the anti-cancer group were also significantly less than those in the model group (P0.05, P0.01). At the same time the expression of MMP-2 mRNA in the Shen-tonifying group and the anti-cancer group was also less than that in the qi benefiting group (P0.05). The mRNA and protein expressions of MMP-9 in the FR group, the Shen-tonifying group, and the anti-cancer group were significantly lower than those in the model group and the qi benefiting group (P0.05, P0.01).The target for Shen-tonifying and anti-cancer Chinese herbs to inhibit tumor angiogenesis might be correlated with restraining expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and protecting tumor microenvironment.

The experimental data of proton and pion rapidity distributions and proton transverse mass distribution in reaction of (14.6 AGeV/c)Si + Au are compared with a simple relativistic hadronic cascade simulation. The theoretical results seem to prefer the statement of strong but incomplete nuclear stopping at AGS energy.

A simple Monte Carlo simulation and even a partition method can be used to reproduce quite well the power law behavior between the factorial moment and the charge interval of fragment charge distributions from the multifragmentation of nucleus bombarding emulsion at nucleon. This indicates that the above power law seems not to be a unique precursor of the intermittent behavior in nuclear multifragmentations.

To observe the effect of Chinese herbal medicine by stages combined with chemotherapy in treating patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) of stage III or IV. Adopting prospective, randomized, controlled, multi-centered trial design, 121 patients enrolled were assigned to the treatment group (n = 65) and the control group (n = 56). All the patients were randomized to receive chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy and Chinese herbal medicine combined (Kangliuzengxiao decoction during chemotherapy and Feiyanning decoction after chemotherapy). The main outcome measures were survival time, Karnofsky score, main clinical symptoms, and adverse reactions. Five patients discontinued from the trial due to oral administration of Iressa after disease progression or other reasons, and 116 patients were evaluable for clinical efficacy with 63 in the treatment group and 53 in the control group. The overall response rate were 15.87% vs. 7.55% (P = 0.170), and the disease control rate were 85.71% vs. 71.70% in the treatment and control group (P = 0.063), respectively. The median survival time was 16.17 months vs. 12.00 months in the treatment and control group (P = 0.165), respectively. In addition, adverse reactions such as leucopenia in the treatment group were less than those in the control group (P = 0.039). Chinese herbal medicine combined with chemotherapy showed favorable effect in improving quality of life and prolonging survival time on patients with advanced NSCLC.

To observe the effect of Kangliu Zengxiao Decoction (KLZX) in treating patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Sixty-one patients with confirmed diagnosis of NSCLC of IIIa-IV stage were randomly assigned to the treatment group (32 patients) and the control group (29 patients). Both groups were treated with two cycles of chemotherapy NP regimen, while KLZX was given to the treatment group additionally.As compared with the control group, the improvements in the treatment group was better in terms of majority of clinical symptoms, median survival time, Karnofski score and body weight, also in increasing immune function, decreasing levels of tumor marks (CEA, VEGF, CYFRA21-1) and alleviating hemopoietic and digestive adverse reactions. But the two groups showed insignificant difference in reducing tumor size and stabilizing tumor foci.Combined use of KLZX and chemotherapy has the toxicity reducing and effect enhancing action, is one of the effective approaches for treatment of advanced NSCLC.

Objective To observe the effects of Feiyanning (FYN) formula, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on the expressions of CXCL12 and CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) mRNAs and proteins in Lewis tumors in C57 mice. Methods A total of 24 C57BL-6 mice were used in this study. Lewis cells were subcutaneously injected to the right armpit to establish the tumor-bearing model. The C57 mice bearing Lewis tumor were randomly divided into untreated group, chemotherapy group, FYN group and chemotherapy plus FYN group. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry were employed to measure the expressions of CXCL12 and CXCR4 mRNAs and proteins in Lewis tumors in C57 mice respectively. Results The rates of lung cancer metastasis in the FYN group and the chemotherapy plus FYN group were markedly lower than that in the untreated group or the chemotherapy group. The expressions of CXCL12 and CXCR4 mRNAs and proteins appeared in tumor tissue in the untreated group. Although there was no significant difference in the expressions of mRNA and protein of CXCL12 among all groups (P>0.05), the expressions of mRNA and protein of CXCR4 in the untreated group and the chemotherapy group were markedly lower than those in the FYN group and the chemotherapy plus FYN group (P Conclusion FYN can inhibit the metastasis of Lewis tumor loaded in C57 mice. Its mechanisms may be related to its down-regulation of the expression of chemokine receptor CXCR4, and affecting the role of CXCL12-CXCR4 biological axis.

Underwater video systems have assumed an increasingly important role in exploration and survey of the unknown deep ocean environments. This paper presents a real-time underwater video compression system that can be mounted on autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for underwater survey applications. The hardware system is based on the digital media processor TMS320DM642 (DM642) of Texas Instruments, and is mainly composed of the frame-grabber, the DM642 based processing unit, and several interfaces for display and communications. According to the characteristics of underwater video, a very low-bit-rate coding algorithm has been developed, which is composed of three modules, namely, the wavelet-based preprocessing technique, the efficient intra-frame coding algorithm based on modified Wavelet Difference Reduction (WDR), and the inter-frame coding algorithm based on double WDR. In addition, some code optimizing measures are described for the video coding algorithms to efficiently operate on the DM642 based hardware system. The experimental results show that while maintaining the acceptable quality of the reconstructed images, the proposed underwater video-coding algorithm can provide average compression ratios from 250:1 to 400:1, and the DM642 based system exhibits a real-time coding performance of greater than 25 frames per second, thereby meeting the requirement of transmission and storage.

We present simulation results of net charge fluctuation in $Au+Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{nn}}$=130 GeV from a dynamic model, JPCIAE. The calculations are done for the quark-gluon phase before hadronization, the pion gas, the resonance pion gas from $\rho$ and $\omega$ decays and so on. The simulations of the charge fluctuation show that the discrepancy exists between the dynamic model and the thermal model for a pion gas and a resonance pion gas from $\rho$ and $\omega$ decays while the simulated charge fluctuation of the quark-gluon phase is close to the thermal model prediction. JPCIAE results of net charge fluctuation in the hardonic phase are nearly 4-5 times larger than one for the quark-gluon phase, which implies that the charge fluctuation in the quark-gluon phase may not survive the hadronization (string fragmentation) as implemented in JPCIAE., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures