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When traditional geological hazard survey methods are used for deformation monitoring in mountainous areas, it often shows the disadvantages of low applicability of monitoring methods and limited accuracy of detection results. In recent years, synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) technology has incomparable advantages in surface deformation monitoring, such as all-weather detection, wide detection range, high detection accuracy, and low detection cost. At the same time, InSAR technology can also provide data and technical support for the subsequent task of potential geological disaster point identification and geological disaster risk zoning in the study area. Alos-2 radar is selected; in this paper the satellite image is the research data, and the InSAR technology is used to complete the surface deformation detection. Then, based on the previous surface deformation monitoring results, the potential geological disaster points in the study area are extracted, and the distribution law and incubation conditions of the disaster points are analyzed and described. According to the field conditions of a certain area, the surface distribution, development causes, and inducing mechanism of the potential geological disaster points are explored; the results show that the development of geological disasters in the study area is affected by many factors such as landform, geological environment, climate, hydrology, and human activities. Based on this, 11 factors such as formation lithology, slope, and river are used as evaluation factors for mountain geological disaster monitoring, prediction, and evaluation analysis. Finally, the improved analytic hierarchy process information model is used to complete the monitoring, prediction, evaluation, and analysis of regional geological hazards in the study area. In this paper, the improved AHP-information method is used to classify the risk of mountain geological disasters in the study area. Finally, the evaluation results are verified, which proves that the improved AHP-information method is reliable, and its mountain geological disaster monitoring and prediction evaluation effect is better than the traditional AHP-information method.

Food protein-stabilized with nanoemulsions were prepared by ultra-high pressure homogenization under appropriate homogenization condition, so as to improve the poor water solubility and instability of sea buckthorn pulp oil (SBPO). SBPO nanoemulsions stabilized by sodium caseinate (SC) and whey protein isolates (WPI) suggested good microstructures and rheological properties. SC-stabilized SBPO nanoemulsions system showed smaller mean particle size (

Lipid concomitants are the main trace substances that determine the oxidative stability of oils. Over 90% of oils are composed of triglycerides, which affect oxidative stability. Oils typically enter living organism as emulsions. This study investigated the physical properties and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) of emulsions in two model oils, namely, rice bran oil (RBO) with long-chain unsaturated triglycerides and coconut oil (CNO) with medium-chain saturated triglycerides. The results were as follows: the mean particle sizes were all approximately 250 nm; the polydispersity index (PDI) values were below 0.2; and the zeta potential values were more negative than −30 mV. The droplet size distribution of CNO emulsions was more concentrated than that of RBO emulsions. Rice bran oil-S (RBO-S) emulsions exhibited the highest CAA value, but the CAA value of coconut oil-C (CNO–C) emulsions was higher than that of rice bran oil-D (RBO-D) emulsions, indicating that CAA was influenced by the combined effect of triglycerides and minor constituents. Moreover, the medium-chain saturated triglycerides in vegetable oil emulsions resulted in a stronger CAA than that of long-chain saturated triglycerides.

Annexins are a multigene family in most plant species and are suggested to play a role in a wide variety of essential cellular processes. They are well characterized in Arabidopsis; however, no such characterization of turnip annexin gene family has been reported thus far. So, four cDNAs of turnip, Brassica rapa (BrANNEXIN1, BrANNEXIN2, BrANNEXIN3, BrANNEXIN4), encoding annexin proteins using a RT-PCR/RACE-PCR-based strategy were isolated and characterized. The predicted molecular masses of these annexins are ∼36.0 kDa. At the amino acid level, they share high sequence similarity with each other and with annexins from higher plants. Using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR to assess their differential expression in different tissues or after different stimuli, we found that these BrANNEXIN genes are differentially expressed in various tissues. The expression patterns of four annexin genes during germination in normal and dark-grown seedlings were determined. Our results indicate that transcripts for all four annexins are present in dark germinating seedlings, and BrANNEXIN1, BrANNEXIN3, and BrANNEXIN4 are present in normal germinating seedlings. Only BrANNEXIN4 was involved in UV-A-induced anthocyanin synthesis in the root epidermis of Tsuda turnip, which accumulates high levels of anthocyanin. All four annexins differently expressed in the UV-A light-induced anthocyanin synthesis in the hypocotyl. When 4.0-day-old etiolated seedlings were treated with red or far-red light, transcript levels of the four annexins in hypocotyls and cotyledons significantly increased. Finally, we monitored annexin expression in response to various abiotic stresses. Expression of these genes also changed in response to abiotic stresses such as high and low temperatures, dehydration, and osmotic and salt stresses. These results indicate that BrANNEXIN genes may play important roles in adaptation of plants to various environmental stresses.

Previous studies have indicated two main domestic pig dispersal routes in East Asia: one is from the Mekong region, through the upstream region of the Yangtze River (URYZ) to the middle and upstream regions of the Yellow River, the other is from the middle and downstream regions of the Yangtze River to the downstream region of the Yellow River, and then to northeast China. The URYZ was regarded as a passageway of the former dispersal route; however, this assumption remains to be further investigated. We therefore analyzed the hypervariable segements of mitochondrial DNA from 513 individual pigs mainly from Sichuan and the Tibet highlands and 1,394 publicly available sequences from domestic pigs and wild boars across Asia. From the phylogenetic tree, most of the samples fell into a mixed group that was difficult to distinguish by breed or geography. The total network analysis showed that the URYZ pigs possessed a dominant position in haplogroup A and domestic pigs shared the same core haplotype with the local wild boars, suggesting that pigs in group A were most likely derived from the URYZ pool. In addition, a region-wise network analysis determined that URYZ contains 42 haplotypes of which 22 are unique indicating the high diversity in this region. In conclusion, our findings confirmed that pigs from the URYZ were domesticated in situ.

Zhu, Li, Mingzhou Li, Xuewei Li, Surong Shuai, Haifeng Liu, Jinyong Wang, Anan Jiang, Yiren Gu, Kai Zhang, Xiaokun Teng, and Zhongrong Jiang. Distinct expression patterns of genes associated with muscle growth and adipose deposition in Tibetan pigs: a possible adaptive mechanism for high altitude conditions. High Alt. Med. Biol. 10:45-55, 2009.-To investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying high altitude adaptations in Tibetan pigs, changes in the expression of 140 genes associated with muscle growth and adipose deposition in the longissimus dorsi muscle were studied at various growth stages in Tibetan, Landrace, and Meishan pigs using microarray analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences in the expression of 13 genes (p < 0.05) and highly significant differences in the expression of 15 genes (p < 0.01) among the three pig breeds at 2 months. Differences in the expression of 7 genes were significant (p < 0.05) and differences in the expression of 10 genes were very significant (p < 0.01) in Tibetan pigs from 2 to 8 months. Tibetan pigs had significantly lower body weight than Landrace and Meishan pigs at 2 months and a larger myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA). Cluster analysis showed two significant (p < 0.01) gene expression patterns in Tibetan pigs, in addition to strong downregulation or upregulation of genes between 2 and 8 months. These results indicate that, in Tibetan pigs aged 2 to 8 months, the growth intensity of skeletal muscle is higher than that of intramuscular fat (IMF). The genes that exhibited downregulation were mainly those controlling adipose deposition, whereas the genes that were upregulated were primarily involved in adipose metabolism and skeletal muscle growth. These results are consistent with the unique genetic characteristics of Tibetan pigs, which have likely adapted to the unusual ecological conditions in high altitude areas.