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Virtual reality game always provides the player the most verisimilitude experience and with the advancement of the VR hardware, it may become the mainstream about how people feel and attach the world online. The paper is aimed to discuss a possible solution finding a better balance between the two classical genre of VR games, the sensory stimulation and the story telling. To this end, we design a game named “Bury Me Here” in which players can find out an emotional bond between the game protagonist and themselves. The game includes 4 sections, the departure from the hometown, the travel on the train, the work in the office and the life in the penthouse. At the end of the game, the protagonist goes back to his country yard and spend the rest of his life there. All the sections are designed to tell a stranger’s life story to the player, making them to experience the life path of someone else, bonding an emotion connection between the player and the protagonist through story telling. Results show that the game not only provides an immersive visual experience but having the emotive sparks echoes in players’ mind.

We proposed an improved target detection algorithm for Hyperspectral Imagery, referred as EXmorMPCTD (extended morphology based Multiple Properties Constrained Target Detection). By comparing the spectral difference between targets and sample pixels of hyperspectral image and selecting the pixels with conspicuously different spectral characteristic with targets to construct the background characteristic matrix, efficiently reduces the interference information and improves the accuracy of background characteristic matrix extremely. We carried out the validation test of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the detection accuracy of the traditional algorithms MCEM, ACE, OSP and TCIMF is 0.9264, 0.9057, 0.8843 and 0.8581, while the detection accuracy of the proposed algorithm in this paper reaches 0.9922. The DI (Detection Index) is also increased from 0.611,0.608,0.601 and 0.5940 of the traditional algorithms MCEM, ACE, OSP and TCIMF to 0.669 of the proposed algorithm in this paper.

In this paper, a revised method based on surface impedance for scaling measurement of lossy electromagnetic target (SurImScalingM) was constructed to solve such prominent problems as high difficulty of organization, time consuming and high cost of the test for full-size target electromagnetic signature. First, impedance boundary conditions were used to approximate the boundary conditions under specific conditions, and the relationship between the tangential electric field outside the boundary, magnetic field and boundary surface impedance was established by “surface impedance”; then, geometrical factors were introduced to characterize the relationship between RCSs of the model applying different lossy dielectric materials at the same frequency; finally, the RCS of the original model was obtained by perfect scaling conditions based on the geometric factors obtained by measurement. In this paper, the verification test of the construction method was carried out based on the simulation data. The results showed that the RCS of the corner reflector with six kinds of lossy electromagnetic materials had an error of 0.688–0.815dB, which could meet the requirements for equivalent scaling measurement of full-size target.

In order to explore the corrosion damage behavior of plasma-sprayed NiCoCrAlY/magnesia-stabilized zirconia (18~22 wt.% MgO-ZrO2, MSZ) thermal barrier and anti-ablation coatings in a salt spray environment, a series of neutral salt spray (NSS) tests for 96 h (N-2), 192 h (N-4) and 288 h (N-6) were carried out on the coatings. The microstructures, composition distributions, potentiodynamic polarization curves, bonding strengths and anti-ablation properties of the coatings before and after the NSS tests were characterized. The results show that, with the increase in salt spray time, the expansion and overflow of corrosion products (FexOy) led to more defects forming inside the coating; the porosity of the top coat (TC) of N-6 increased to 15.2% in comparison to that of the blank control sample (N-0), which was 8.5%. According to the potentiodynamic polarization curves, accelerated corrosion occurred in the coating samples after the salt spray time reached 192 h, and the corrosion current density rapidly surged from 2.2 × 10−8 A·cm−2 (N-4) to 2.2 × 10−5 A·cm−2 (N-6). Similar degradation tends could be found in the bonding strengths and mass ablation rates of the coatings due to the accumulation of loose corrosion products on the substrate, which affected the bonding states of the coatings and promoted their spalling under an oxyacetylene flame (OAF). As a result, the maximum service life of the NiCoCrAlY/MSZ coatings in the neutral salt spray environment was about 192 h. This work is instructive for studying the environmental adaptability of metal/ceramic double-layer coatings.

The irredeemable magnetic losses of Sm(Co, Fe, Zr, Cu)

Background Establishing a high-accuracy and non-invasive method is essential for evaluating cardiovascular disease. Skin cholesterol is a novel marker for assessing the risk of atherosclerosis and can be used as an independent risk factor of early assessment of atherosclerotic risk. Methods We propose a non-invasive skin cholesterol detection method based on absorption spectroscopy. Detection reagents specifically bind to skin cholesterol and react with indicator to produce colored products, the skin cholesterol content can be obtained through absorption spectrum information on colored products detected by non-invasive technology. Gas chromatography is used to measure cholesterol extracted from the skin to verify the accuracy and reliability of the non-invasive test method. A total of 342 subjects were divided into normal group (n = 115), disease group (n = 110) and risk group (n = 117). All subjects underwent non-invasive skin cholesterol test. The diagnostic accuracy of the measured value was analyzed by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results The proposed method is able to identify porcine skin containing gradient concentration of cholesterol. The values measured by non-invasive detection method were significantly correlated with gas chromatography measured results (r = 0.9074, n = 73, p P Conclusions The method demonstrated its capability of detecting different concentration of skin cholesterol. This non-invasive skin cholesterol detection system may potentially be used as a risk assessment tool for atherosclerosis screening, especially for a large population.

The Al coatings were electrodeposited on the Cu substrate from AlCl3-EMIC ionic liquid (AlCl3:EMIC = 2:1 molar ratio) containing three cyanopyridine additives with different positions of the substituent group on the pyridine ring, which were 2-cyanopyridine, 3-cyanopyridine, and 4-cyanopyridine. The effects of cyanopyridine additives on the deposition potential, morphology, brightness, and corrosion properties of Al coatings were investigated. It was considered that the deposition potential of Al shifted to more negative overpotentials, the quality of Al coatings was promoted, and the corrosion property was improved by the cyanopyridine additives to a varying degree. Especially in the presence of 4-cyanopyridine, the flattest mirror bright Al coating was obtained, which had the smallest homogeneous nanocrystal grain size and strongest Al (200) crystallographic orientation. The average roughness Ra value was as low as 31 nm compared to that in the absence of cyanopyridine additives, which was 417 nm. Furthermore, the corrosion current density of the bright Al coating was three orders of magnitude lower than the rough Al coating, which resulted from the dense nanocrystal structure.

The effects of three pyridine derivative additives, 4-hydroxypyridine, 4-picolinic acid, and 4-cyanopyridine, on Al-Mn coatings were investigated in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride-AlCl3-MnCl2 (EMIC-AlCl3-MnCl2) ionic liquids. The smooth mirror-like bright Al-Mn coatings were obtained only in the EMIC-AlCl3-MnCl2 ionic liquids containing 4-cyanopyridine, while the matte Al-Mn coatings were electrodeposited from EMIC-AlCl3-MnCl2 without additives or containing either 4-hydroxypyridine or 4-picolinic acid. The scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction showed that the bright Al-Mn coatings consisted of nanocrystals and had a strong (200) preferential orientation, while the particle size of matte Al-Mn coatings were within the micron range. The brightening mechanism of 4-cyanopyridine is due to it being adsorbed onto the cathode to produce the combined effect of (1) generating an overpotential to promote Al-Mn nucleation, (2) inhibiting the growth of the deposited nuclei and enabling them grow preferentially, making the coating composed of nanocrystals and with a smooth surface. The brightening effect of 4-cyanopyridine on the Al-Mn coatings was far better than that of the 4-hydroxypyridine and the 4-picolinic acid. In addition, the bright Al-Mn coating was prepared in a bath with 6 mmol·L−1 4-cyanopyridine and displayed superior corrosion resistance relative to the matte coatings, which could be attributed to its unique nanocrystalline structure that increased the number of grain boundaries and accelerated the formation of the protective layer of the corrosion products.

Bioretention systems have been extensively studied as a highly efficient technical measure to tackle the global threat of nitrogen pollution during global rainfall runoff. However, the migration and transformation of various forms nitrogen in bioretention system is unclear. So, in this paper, the bioretention systems with different flow regimes and planted configurations were designed to study the nitrogen removal performance and migration and transformation mechanism. The dynamic changes of NH4+-N and NO3−-N were continuously monitored within 60 h after rainfall, and the abundance of 15N isotopes in soil layer NH4+-N was simultaneously measured. The results indicated that NH4+-N was mainly intercepted in soil layer in four constructed bioretention systems with similar removal efficiencies (95.42–97.69%). However, NO3−-N was retained in submerged layer with significant different removal efficiencies (43.03–83.00%). After fitting calculation, the nitrification rate of NH4+-N (0.0626 mg kg−1 h−1) in soil was 5.31 times higher than that of the accumulation rate of NO3−-N (0.0118 mg kg−1 h−1). During the elimination process of residual NH4+-N in soil, 41.46% removed by denitrification and plant absorption assimilation, another 57.28% stored in the form of organic nitrogen or inorganic nitrogen, only 1.26% leaked out. Based on this, the content variation of TN, NH4+-N and NO3−-N could be analyzed by a system-wide and established the nitrogen balance model, which provides a new insight into the enhancement of nitrogen removal in the bioretention system.

Although oxidative stress plays a major role in psoriasis, the association between oxidative stress biomarker levels and psoriasis in humans remains controversial. Relevant articles were retrieved by searching the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE, without any time limit (updated March 10th, 2019). The pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT) were calculated for each study. Heterogeneity test, publication bias analysis, and sensitivity analysis were performed. A total of 28 case-control studies, containing a combined total of 2724 subjects (1485 psoriasis patients and 1239 healthy controls), were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The combined results showed a significant difference in the TAS levels (WMD = − 0.213 mmol/L, p

The deconvolution and resolution of overlapping bands in the Raman spectra of a suite of coals studied by curve-fitting methods has improved our understanding of the main structural changes in naturally matured coals. Even though much work on deconvolution of Raman spectra has been done, the systematic evolution of chemical structures is not well established. In this study we used a suite of 28 coal samples from Australia with vitrinite reflectance ranging from 0.38 to 3.52%. The micro-Raman spectra of vitrinite macerals from selected coals were acquired using a custom-made Raman spectrometer and supplemented by other Raman spectra previously acquired under the same experimental conditions. In the spectral deconvolution procedure, the second derivative curve-fitting method was used to determine the number of peaks and peak positions of the Raman spectra. Each band was tentatively assigned to a corresponding chemical structure by references to the interpreted major structural changes likely to have taken place during coalification. These parameters included PD (the position of D band), RBS (the distance between G band and D band), FWHMG (full width at half maximum of G band), IG/IGL (the intensity ratio of G band and GL band), and AR/b (the ratio of Raman integrated area and the slope of the spectral background). All of these Raman parameters are found to have a very good correlation with Ro% with R2 higher than 0.90. While five simple equations have been proposed and may be used to estimate thermal maturity of coals, two equations (Eq. (4) for Ro% from 0.38 to 1.5 and Eq. (5) for Ro% from 1.5 to 3.52) are best suitable to predict thermal maturity of coals with the most accuracy.

The development of high efficient photocatalysts for antibiotics contamination in water remains a severe challenge. In this study, a novel step-scheme (S-scheme) photocatalytic heterojunction nanocomposites were fabricated from integrating AgCl nanoparticles on the MIL-100(Fe) octahedron surface through facile multi-stage stirring strategy. The S-scheme heterojunction structure in AgCl/MIL-100(Fe) (AM) nanocomposite provided a more rational utilization of electrons (e

Image connected region labeling can effectively improve the efficiency of subsequent image analysis and processing tasks. Many achievements have been made, but there is no labeling algorithm for color images. Therefore, we propose a multi-class dynamic labeling(MCDL) algorithm. We construct the mathematical model of the MCDL algorithm first. And then, a series of new concepts, such as run, affecting scope and column coordinate set, are put forward. Based on these concepts, the judgment criterion on connection of two runs is defined with set operations. Next, a theorem is given and proofed to limit the number of provisional labels, and a class example is used to demonstrate operations of the MCDL algorithm. After that, the storage model of results is described. Finally, the implement of the MCDL algorithm is discussed. The MCDL algorithm is distinct from all conventional algorithms mainly on two aspects: it can label both binary images and color images, and these images may be irregular, but the conventional algorithms label only N×N or N×M binary images; it not only labels but also extracts the connected components in an image, whereas the conventional algorithms just label them. Comparisons and experimental results on various types of images show that the MCDL algorithm is efficient and robust.

Background: Establishing a high-accuracy and non-invasive method is essential for evaluating cardiovascular disease. Skin cholesterol is a novel marker for assessing the risk of atherosclerosis and can be used as an independent risk factor for early assessment of atherosclerotic risk.Methods: we propose a non-invasive skin cholesterol detection method based on absorption spectroscopy. Detection reagents specifically bind to skin cholesterol and react with indicator to produce colored products, the skin cholesterol content can be obtained through absorption spectrum information of colored products detected by noninvasive technology. Gas chromatography is used to measure cholesterol extracted from the skin to verify the accuracy of the noninvasive test method. A total of 163 subjects were divided into normal group(n=58), disease group (n=26) and risk group(n=79). All subjects underwent noninvasive skin cholesterol test. The diagnostic accuracy of the measured value was analyzed by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results: The proposed method is able to identify porcine skin containing gradient concentration of cholesterol and the values measured by non-invasive detection method were significantly correlated with gas chromatography measured results (r=0.9074, n=73, pP<0.001). The area under the ROC curve for distinguishing Normal/Disease group was 0.8243(95% confidence interval, 0.7165 to 0.9321), however, the area under the ROC curve for distinguishing Normal/Risk group was 0.8488(95% confidence interval, 0.7793 to 0.9182). Conclusions: The method demonstrated its capability of detecting different concentration of skin cholesterol. This non-invasive skin cholesterol detection system may potentially be used as a risk assessment tool for atherosclerosis screening, especially in a large population.

AGV is a kind of unmanned intelligent handling equipment. The accuracy of the trajectory motion control determines whether the car can adjust its position in real time according to the error and work according to the preset trajectory. In this paper, the kinematics model is first established, then the two-wheel speed is obtained by analyzing the relationship between the position deviation and speed deviation of the AGV, that is, the posture of the car can be adjusted by the wheel speed. Next a Siemens 1200 PLC's PID module is used to simulate its trajectory tracking, in which the PID parameters are determined by the optimization method. Finally, the correcting effect is compared, and the feasibility of using PID to adjust the trajectory deviation is verified.

To improve the machine tool accuracy, an integrated geometric error identification and prediction method is proposed to eliminate the positioning inaccuracy of tool ball for a double ball bar (DBB) caused by the rotary axis’ geometric errors in a multi-axis machine tool. In traditional geometric errors identification model based on homogenous transformation matrices (HTM), the elements of position-dependent geometric errors(PDGEs) are defifined in the local frames attached to the axial displacement, which is inconvenient to do redundance analysis. Thus, this paper proposed an integrated geometric error identification and prediction method to solve the uncertainty problem of the PDGEs of rotary axis. First, based on homogeneous transform matrix (HTM) and multi-body system (MBS) theory, The transfer matrix only considering the rotary axes is derived to determine the tool point position error model. Then a geometric errors identification of rotary axis is introduced by measuring the error increment in three directions. Meanwhile the geometric errors of C-axis are described as position-dependent truncated Fourier polynomials caused by fitting discrete values. Thus, The geometric error identification is converted to the function coefficient. Finally, the proposed new prediction and identification model of PDGEs in the global frame are verified through simulation and experiments with double ball-bar tests.

Shale samples of the Marcellus Shale from a well drilled in northeastern Pennsylvania were used to study diagenetic effects on the mineral and organic matter and their impact on petrophysical response. We analyzed an interval of high gamma ray and anomalously low electrical resistivity from a high thermal maturity (mean maximum vitrinite reflectance > 4%) part of the shalehgas play. A suite of microanalytical techniques was used to study features of the shale down to the nanoscale and assess the level of thermal alteration of the mineral and organic phases. The samples are organic rich, with total organic carbon contents of 3–7 wt. %; the vast majority of the organic matter was identified as highly porous pyrobitumen. Matrix porosity is also present, especially within the clay aggregates and at the interface between rigid clasts and clay minerals. Mineral- and organic-based thermal maturity indices suggest that during burial the sediment had been exposed to temperatures as high as 285°C (545°F). Under these conditions, the residual, migrated organic matter assumed a partially crystalline habit as confirmed by the identification of turbostratic structures via electron microscopy imaging. Experimental dielectric measurements on organic matter–rich samples confirm that the anomalous electrical properties observed in the wire-line logs can be ascribed to the presence of an electrically conductive interconnected network of partially graphitized organic matter. The preservation of porosity suggests that this organic network can contribute not only to the electrical properties but also to the gas flow properties within the Marcellus Shale.

RaMM (Raman maturity method) is a thermal maturity tool for humic macerals in coals or as dispersed organic matter (DOM), expressed in equivalent vitrinite reflectance (EqVR). The EqVR values are based on a recently established calibration according to multi-linear regressions of selected parameters from Raman spectra of vitrinite and inertinite in a suite of Australian coals with vitrinite reflectance (VR) in the range 0.4–2.5%. The study contributes to the application of Raman spectroscopy for thermal maturity determinations as applicable to the petroleum exploration industry and researched by many groups worldwide. A suite of samples to apply the technique was made available from an interlaboratory round robin exercise on application of ASTM D7708, a method for determination of VR of DOM in sedimentary rocks. This exercise involved the distribution of two sets of six unknown rock samples to all participating laboratories. Collated VR results from some samples of the first set, having high maturities and low organic matter (OM) contents, showed a disturbingly high degree of scatter. Although general agreement exists between RaMM determinations and the average of ‘mean random’ VR values determined at the various laboratories, some important differences emerged for some samples in the range EqVR = 1.2–1.8%. On RaMM diagrams, which involve plots of EqVRs derived from the two regression equations defining the method, the pattern of distribution of vitrinite and inertinite changes with thermal maturity for ‘normal’ coals and with OM composition in subhydrous versus perhydrous coals. Most of the round robin samples contained solid bitumens having reflectances close to those of the associated vitrinite. Measurements taken from solid bitumen were avoided as much as possible, but because the RaMM study was done in air medium, some contamination of the humic maceral data was inevitable. Many of the solid bitumens and other potentially complicating components such as Tasmanites-related alginite can be identified on the RaMM diagram and eliminated from RaMM results for lower maturity samples (EqVR 1.8%). The humic DOM of marine samples having EqVR >1.0% has spectral properties that differ from those of humic macerals of the same maturity in terrestrially deposited rocks; this could possibly explain any discrepancies between RaMM EqVR and VR data for the marine rocks. The presence of contaminating solid bitumen with reflectance similar to that of vitrinite, is the main complicating factor for thermal maturity evaluation using either VR or RaMM analyses of gas shales and tight oil reservoir rocks. To enable the best results from RaMM studies of these types of rocks, a preliminary study of the solid bitumen component should be carried out to determine its field on the RaMM diagram with the object of eliminating contaminating solid bitumen data from EqVR calculations.