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In this article, to increase the extraction efficiency and quality of single‐cell oil (SCO) from Mortierella isabellina NTG1–121 (MIN) in the SCO extraction, ultrasound in combination with microwave was applied. The best extraction conditions (microwave power 400 W; microwave time 3.7 min; ultrasonic time 40.5 min; ultrasonic power 500 W; and the material to solvent ratio 1:12.3 [w/v]) were achieved at room temperature of 25 ±5 °C, using response surface methodology (RSM). Under these conditions, the extraction yield of SCO was up to 92.24% and the SCO yield was 178.13 ±0.17 mg g−1 (wet cell). Compared with ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) and acid‐heating extraction (AHE), the quality and yield of SCO obtained using the ultrasonic‐assisted/microwave‐assisted extraction (UMAE) were improved. The present study suggests that UMAE can be an alternative for the extraction of SCO from MIN. The oil is rich in oleic acid (ca. 43.98%), linoleic acid (ca. 11.56%), and gamma linolenic acid (ca. 11.38%), which is comparable to the fatty‐acid composition of several edible oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Higher alcohols are volatile compounds produced during alcoholic fermentation that affect the quality and safety of the final product. This study used a correlation analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics to study the impact of the initial addition of SO 2 (30, 60, and 90 mg/L) on the synthesis of higher alcohols in Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC1118a and to identify key genes and metabolic pathways involved in their metabolism., Methods: Transcriptomics and metabolomics correlation analyses were performed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differential metabolites were identified. Single-gene knockouts for targeting genes of important pathways were generated to study the roles of key genes involved in the regulation of higher alcohol production., Results: We found that, as the SO 2 concentration increased, the production of total higher alcohols showed an overall trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Multi-omics correlation analysis revealed that the addition of SO 2 affected carbon metabolism (ko01200), pyruvate metabolism (ko00620), glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (ko00010), the pentose phosphate pathway (ko00030), and other metabolic pathways, thereby changing the precursor substances. The availability of SO 2 indirectly affects the formation of higher alcohols. In addition, excessive SO 2 affected the growth of the strain, leading to the emergence of a lag phase. We screened the ten most likely genes and constructed recombinant strains to evaluate the impact of each gene on the formation of higher alcohols. The results showed that ADH4, SER33 , and GDH2 are important genes of alcohol metabolism in S. cerevisiae . The isoamyl alcohol content of the EC1118a -ADH4 strain decreased by 21.003%; The isobutanol content of the EC1118a -SER33 strain was reduced by 71.346%; and the 2-phenylethanol content of EC1118a -GDH2 strain was reduced by 25.198%., Conclusion: This study lays a theoretical foundation for investigating the mechanism of initial addition of SO 2 in the synthesis of higher alcohols in S. cerevisiae , uncovering DEGs and key metabolic pathways related to the synthesis of higher alcohols, and provides guidance for regulating these mechanisms., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Lin, Zhang, Lin, Gao, Li, Zhou, Meng and Qin.)

Objective: To evaluate the effect of individualized scalp acupuncture base on location of brain function for motor dysfunction in stroke patients., Methods: A total of 180 patients were randomly assigned into an individualized scalp acupuncture (ISA) group, a conventional scalp acupuncture (CSA) group and a rehabilitation group, 60 cases in each one. In the ISA group, we stimulated Sishencong (EX-HN 1), motor area and balance area, matched with pre-motor area for higher muscle tension, application area and NIE 's three-needle for involuntary motion, application area for poor motor coordination, forehead five-needle for cognitive disorder, sensory area for sensory disturbance. In the CSA group, the affected Dingnieqianxiexian (MS 6), Dingniehouxiexian (MS 7) and Zhenxiapangxian (MS 14) were selected. Rehabilitation was used during needle retained in the two groups. Simple rehabilitation was used in the rehabilitation group. All the treatment was given from Monday to Friday for 4 weeks, once a day for 20 times. Eight-week follow-up was applied. The Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) for motor function, modified Barthel Index (MBI) were used to evaluate clinical effect., Results: After treatment and at follow-up, FMA and MBI scores increased compared with those before treatment in the three groups（all P <0.01）, with significant differences among the three groups (all P <0.000 1) and better results in the ISA group compared with those in the other two groups ( P <0.05, P <0.01) at the two time points. The FMA and MBI scores in the CSA group were higher than those in the rehabilitation group after treatment and at follow-up (all P <0.05)., Conclusion: The individualized scalp acupuncture can improve motor dysfunction and self-care ability of daily life for stroke patients.

Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy on upper limb motor impairment in stroke between the interactive dynamic scalp acupuncture therapy and the traditional scalp acupuncture therapy., Methods: The randomized controlled trial and MINIMIZE layering randomization software were adopted. Seventy patients of upper limb with III to V grade in Brunnstrom scale after stroke were randomized into an interactive dynamic scalp acupuncture group and a traditional scalp acupuncture group, 35 cases in each one. In the interactive dynamic scalp acupuncture group, the middle 2/5 of Dingnieqianxiexian (anterior oblique line of vertex-temporal), the middle 2/5 of Dingniehouxiexian (posterior oblique line of vertex-temporal) and Dingpangerxian (lateral line 2 of vertex) on the affected side were selected as the stimulation areas. Additionally, the rehabilitation training was applied during scalp acupuncture treatment. In the traditional scalp acupuncture group, the scalp stimulation areas were same as the interactive dynamic scalp acupuncture group. But the rehabilitation training was applied separately. The rehabilitation training was applied in the morning and the scalp acupuncture was done in the afternoon. The results in Fugl-Meyer for the upper limb motor function (U-FMA), the Wolf motor function measure scale (WM- FT) and the modified Barthel index in the two groups were compared between the two groups before treatment and in 1 and 2 months of treatment, respectively., Results: After treatment, the U-FMA score, WMFT score and the score of the modified Barthel index were all apparently improved as compared with those before treatment (all P < 0.01). The improvement in the U-FMA score after treatment in the interactive dynamic scalp acupuncture group was better than that in the traditional scalp acupuncture group (P < 0.05). For the patients of IV to V grade in Brunnstrom scale, WMFT score in 2 months of treatment and the score of Barthel index after treatment in the interactive dynamic scalp acupuncture group were improved apparently as compared with those in the traditional scalp acupuncture group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). But, for the patients of III grade in Brunnstrom scale, WMFT score and the score of Barthel index after treatment in the interactive dynamic scalp acupuncture group were not different significantly as compared with those in the traditional scalp acupuncture group (both P > 0.05)., Conclusion: For the patients of IV to V grade in Brunnstrom scale in stroke, the interactive dynamic scalp acupuncture therapy achieves the superior improvements of the upper limb motor function and the activity of daily life as compared with the traditional scalp acupuncture therapy, and the longer the treatment lasts, the more apparent the improvements are. For the patients of III grade in Brunnstrom scale, the interactive dynamic scalp acupuncture therapy achieves the similar improvement in the upper limb motor impairment as compared with the traditional scalp acupuncture therapy.