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IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on the expression of neitrin-1,DCC receptor and myocardial fibrosis in rats with acute myocardial infarction.MethodsTwenty-four rats were randomly divided into three groups: the sham group (n = 8), the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model group (n = 8), and the aerobic exercise treatment after acute myocardial infarction group (ET) (n = 8). After 10 weeks, the serum levels of netrin-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 (MMP2, 9), and their inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2), myocardial netrin-1, and the deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) receptor were evaluated. Histopathological results were also evaluated. The collagen volume fraction of the myocardial tissues was also calculated.ResultsCompared with the sham group, in the AMI and ET groups, left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were increased, while left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), and left ventricular pressure maximal rate of rise and fall (± dp/dtmax) were significantly decreased (PConclusionsAerobic exercise increased levels of serum netrin-1, myocardial netrin-1, and the DCC receptor and reduced the expression of myocardial MMP2 and MMP9 proteins, to improve the degree of fibrosis following myocardial infarction in rats.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of detecting macrophage content on atherosclerotic plaques by optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique., Methods: Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were equally divided into 3 groups at random: Control group (fed normal rabbit chow, n = 10); lipid diet group (fed regular chow supplemented with cholesterol, n = 10) and balloon injury+ lipid diet group (balloon catheter injury of the common carotid artery after 2 weeks lipid diet, n = 10). After 12 weeks, all rabbits underwent pharmacological triggering with Chinese Russell's viper venom (CRVV, 15 mg/kg, i.p.) and histamine (0.02 mg/kg, i.v.). Common carotid arteries were detected with OCT and the Movat pentachrome stain respectively. OCT and histological examination results were compared and the correlation was analyzed., Results: The intra thickness measured by Movat pentachrome stain and by the OCT was (15.2 ± 0.9) µm and (20.2 ± 7.6) µm, the medial thickness was (434.2 ± 86.5) µm and (453.8 ± 87.2) µm, the plaque thickness was (330.2 ± 87.1) µm and (392.2 ± 134.5) µm, the fibrous cap thickness was (58.3 ± 5.6) µm and (61.2 ± 4.9) µm, respectively (all P > 0.05). The normalized standard deviation of the OCT signal (NSD) was compared with immunohistochemical detection. The OCT signal within the cap is relatively homogeneous for low macrophage density in high lipid diet group. For the raw OCT data, a correlation of r = 0.846 (P < 0.01) was found between OCT NSD and a CD68 area<10%, whereas for the base 10 logarithm OCT data, a correlation of r = 0.646 (P < 0.05) was found between OCT NSD and a CD68 area<10%. In balloon injury + high lipid diet group, the OCT signal within the cap was relatively heterogeneous for high macrophage content. For the raw OCT data, a correlation of r = 0.906 (P < 0.01) was found between OCT NSD and a CD68 area >10%, whereas for the base 10 logarithm OCT data, a correlation of r = 0.593 (P < 0.05) was found between OCT NSD and a CD68 area >10%. For the raw OCT signal NSD, a range of NSDs (7.12% to 7.35%) demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity (Kappa value 1.0) for differentiating caps containing >10% CD68 staining. For the base 10 logarithm OCT signal, NSD values ranging from 7.81% to 7.92% provided 70% sensitivity and 75% specificity (value 0.44) for identifying caps containing >10% CD68 staining., Conclusions: OCT is an effective tool to determine macrophage content in this model. OCT imaging can clearly visualize different types of atherosclerotic plaques and provide detailed information on plaque characteristics.