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With proteomic analysis, we identified 379 egg surface proteins from an endoparasitoid, Cotesia chilonis. Proteins containing conserved enzymatic domains constitute a large proportion of egg surface components. Some proteins, such as superoxidase dismutase, homolog of C. rubecula 32‐kDa protein, and immunoevasive protein‐2A, are classical parasitism factors that have known functions in host immunity regulation. Melanization assays revealed that a novel egg surface protein, C. chilonis egg surface serpin domain‐containing protein had the same function as a C. chilonis venom serpin, as both suppressed host melanization in a dose‐dependent manner. C. chilonis egg surface serpin domain‐containing protein is mainly transcribed in C. chilonis oocytes with follicular cells, and it is located on both the anterior and posterior sides of the mature egg surface. Additionally, we used LC‐MS/MS to identify 586 binding proteins sourced from C. suppressalis plasma located on the eggshell surface of C. chilonis, which included some immunity‐related proteins. These results not only indicate that C. chilonis uses its egg surface proteins to reduce the immune response of its host but also imply that endoparasitoid egg surface proteins might be a new parasitism factor involved in host immune regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] To clarify the population dynamics of Lithocolletis ringoniella and its control by parasitoids in extensively managed orchards, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the biological control of this pest. [Methods] A systematic field survey combined with laboratory dissection of specimens was conducted in extensively managed orchards in the Fushan District of Yantai in 2017-2018. [Results] Adult L. ringoniella reached peak abundance from mid-May to mid-June whereas larvae had two dynamics peaks at the end of May and in mid-late June. The leaf damage rate increased significantly after mid-June and defoliation was common in early July. Five species of parasitic wasps were found; Sympiesis soriceicornis, Apanteles theivorae, Ageniaspis testaceipes, Sympiesis foerst, and Cirrospilus ogimae. There were two parasitic peaks from the end of May to the beginning of June and at the end of July. Before the end of June, the parasitism rate of S. soriceicornis and A. theivorae, which were then the dominant species of parasitic wasps, reached 33.69% and 29.48%, respectively. After July, A. testaceipes became the dominant parasitic wasp with an average parasitism rate of 38.54% and a maximum rate of 71.72%. [Conclusion] The natural parasitism rate of parasitoids on L. ringoniella is high and the dominant parasitoid species differ in different periods. Protection of the parasitoids of L. ringoniella should be prioritized as an effective way of controlling this pest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives] To assess the resistance of Eriosoma lanigerum to different kinds of insecticides, and provide a theoretical basis for selecting insecticides to control of this pest in the field. [Methods] The resistance of E. lanigerum to avermectin, cypermethrin and imidacloprid in 14 regions of 3 provinces was determined using the glass tube membrane method from June to July 2018. [Results] The lowest LC50 value to avermectin, 6.813 mg/L, was recorded in Yangling, Xi'an, and the highest, 79.496 mg/L, was recorded in Zhaoyuan, Yantai. Resistance to cypermethrin was low in most areas; the Longkou area in Yantai had the lowest resistance (LC50 = 4.341 mg/L) and the Qixia area, also in Yantai, had the highest (LC50 = 37.689 mg/L). Resistance to imidacloprid was lowest in the Jimo area of Qingdao (LC50 = 5.261 mg/L), and moderate in the Zhaoyuan area of Yantai with an RR of 10.859 and an LC50 value of 57.128 mg/L. The results of insecticide resistance tests show that resistance of third instar nymphs was similar to that of adult aphids, except that nymphs in the Penglai area of Yantai had increased resistance to avermectin and imidacloprid. [Conclusion] Resistance of E. lanigerum to commonly used insecticides remains low in most areas of northern China. Alternating between different pesticides should be continued to prevent and delay the development of resistance in this pest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The metabolic effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients who do not meet National Institutes of Health indications has not been well studied. Objectives To compare the effectiveness of LSG and LRYGB in Chinese T2D patients with body mass index (BMI)<35 kg/m 2 . Setting University hospital, China. Methods A nonrandomized cohort of patients who underwent LRYGB (n = 64) and LSG (n = 19) were followed up for 3 years and the outcomes (weight loss and remission of diabetes and other metabolic parameters) were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to find associated parameters of T2D remission. Results In total, 5 patients (6%) were lost to follow-up. No significant differences in mean percentage of excess weight loss and BMI were observed between the 2 groups at 2 years. At 3-year follow-up, the LRYGB group had significantly higher percentage of excess weight loss and lower BMI. The total (complete and partial) remission rate achieved with both bariatric procedures was 75.9% at 1 year and 56.4% at 3 years. Surgical safety, diabetes remission, and remission of other obesity-related co-morbidities were comparable between the 2 groups. Patients who achieved complete or partial remission had lower fasting plasma glucose, lower plasma glucose at 2 hours, lower glycated hemoglobin, and higher fasting C peptide than the other patients at baseline. High recurrence rates of hypertension and hyperuricemia were observed at 3 years postoperation. Conclusions Both LSG and LRYGB are safe and effective bariatric procedures for T2D in this Chinese population with diabetes and BMI<35 kg/m 2 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To construct the NLS(ING1)-GFP vector, transfer it into MRC-5 cells and establish a cell model expressing NLS (ING1)-GFP fusion protein., Methods: Firstly, cDNA fragment of nuclear locating sequence (NLS) of inhibitor of growth-1 gene (ING1) was gained by RT-PCR and inserted into multi-clone site of pEGFP-C1 to construct the NLS (ING1)-GFP expression vector. Then the vector was used to transfect the MRC-5 cells to observe the subcellular signal localization of green fluorescence protein (GFP)., Results: We successfully constructed the expressing vector of NLS (ING1)-GFP fusion protein. After transferring the fusion expressing vector into MRC-5 cells, we observed that green fluorescence signal located in the cell nucleus. However, the green fluorescence signal located in the cytoplasm in MRC-5 cells transfected with pEGFP-C1 control only expressing GFP., Conclusion: In living cells, physiologically p33 ING1b locates absolutely in nucleus. The p33(ING1b) NLS plays a decisive role in the transporting process of subcellular localization.