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Edible mushrooms are favored by consumers for their excellent nutritional value and pharmacological properties. However, fresh mushrooms are highly perishable and undergo rapid quality deterioration induced by a series of intrinsic and extrinsic factors during postharvest storage. In recent years, the application of natural products derived from plants, animals, microorganisms, and other sources in mushroom quality preservation has drawn increasing attention. Compared to chemical preservatives, natural products show similar or higher biological activity and have few side effects on human health. This review summarizes the recent advances in the application of natural products used for quality maintenance of postharvest mushrooms. These natural substances mainly include essential oils, polyphenols, polysaccharides, bacteriocins, and other extracts. They have the potential to inhibit mushroom weight loss, softening, and browning, reduce the count of pathogenic microorganisms, and retain nutrients and flavor, effectively improving the quality of mushrooms and extending their shelf-life. The preservation techniques for natural products and their preservation mechanisms are also discussed here. Overall, this review provides current knowledge about natural products in edible mushroom preservation and aims to inspire more in-depth theoretical research and promote further practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo understand the characteristics of high-risk inmates’ impulsivity and to explore the influencing factors of impulsivity， so as to provide a theoretical basis for identifying the high-risk factors and making effective intervention.MethodsA total of 588 male inmates in Nanjing were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into four groups according to their violent crime reasons， high impulsiveness， borderline personality and antisocial personality. The detailed criminal records of inmates， general demographic data questionnaire， self-made substance use questionnaire， Barratt Impulsiveness Scale （BIS-11） and Childhood Trauma Questionaire-Short Form （CTQ-SF） were used to investigate， and multiple stepwise regression analysis was conducted to analysis the influencing factors of impulsivity of high-risk inmates.Results① There were statistically significant differences in age， marital status and drug use history among the four groups （F=4.890、13.945、26.137， P

The spawning ground is a sensitive place in the fish habitat. It has specialhydrological and hydrodynamic characteristics and has important ecological significance for thenatural reproduction of fish. Calculation of ecological water demand for the natural reproductionof four major Chinese carps and ensuring of the water demand for domestic fish reproduction areeffective method to effectively alleviate the decline trend of domestic fish resources. Taking theDongta spawning ground in the Xijiang River Basin as the study area and four major Chinese carpsas the target species for the first time, this paper constructs the related suitability curve forthe hydrodynamic characteristic index, simulates the effects of factors such as flow velocity andwater depth on fish spawning grounds at different flow conditions by a two-dimensional riverhydrodynamic model, River2D, establishes the relationship between the flow conditions and weightedusable area (WUA) of four major Chinese carps habitats to determine the ecological water demand inthe study area. The results show that based on the simulation results of twenty flow conditions (1000~20 000 m3/s), the maximum WUA of the Dongta spawning ground is 101 935.48 m2, and theecological water demand corresponding to the WUA is 10 277.54~12 546.61 m3/s, which can be used asthe peak ecological water demand during the spawning period of the four major Chinese carps. Basedon the simulation results of historical monthly average flow conditions, the corresponding flowsof the minimum WUA in the Dongta spawning ground from January to December are 1 339.67, 1 256.53,1 361.93, 2 126.09, 4 057.10, 6 202.66, 6 734.19,5 316.12, 3 092.66, 1 680.32, 1 234.40, 1 168.32m3/s, which are the minimum ecological water demand to maintain the function of Dongta spawningground. Determining the ecological water demand of the river based on the health of the spawninggrounds of the four major Chinese carps is conducive to the improvement of fish resources, and isof important ecological significance in maintaining biodiversity and even the entire ecosystem.