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This study presents a numerical investigation of a solitary wave breaking over a slope by using the phase-field lattice Boltzmann method. The incompressible two-phase flow equations are solved by using a velocity-based formulation of the two-phase lattice Boltzmann method with a central-moment collision model to accurately simulate wave breaking problems. For interface capture, a phase-field lattice Boltzmann method that ensures mass conservation is employed. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed through solitary wave propagation and transformation problems, and the obtained results are in good agreement with the experimental and calculated results. The proposed method is then employed to analyze wave breaking on a slope, demonstrating strong concordance with experimental data and existing computational findings. By analyzing the instantaneous flow characteristics and the temporal evolution of the variation in kinetic, potential, and total energy from deep to shallow water, the model can reveal the macroscopic characteristics of solitary wave breaking. Because the phase-field model effectively simulates wave breaking and air entrainment, it can depict wave energy dissipation more accurately than the single-phase lattice Boltzmann method with free surface tracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, there has been a lot of interest in the AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high‐entropy alloys (EHEAs), which can achieve a good balance of strength and ductility. The relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy was established in this study by examining the microstructural evolution during heat treatment of 500–1000°C. The results show that the alloy's microstructure remained unchanged when the heat treatment temperature was lower than 700°C. With further rise above 800°C, the B2II precipitates were inspected in the L12 matrix. Besides, L12II started to be precipitated from the B2 matrix at 900°C. The tensile test results conducted at 20–1000°C showed that both the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength decreased as the temperature rose. As for the elongation, however, it increased dramatically when the testing temperature was over 800°C, being attributed to the dynamic recrystallization. The results obtained provided a fundamental understanding of high‐temperature properties for duplex HEAs. Highlights: The B2II precipitates were precipitated from the L12 at 800°C.The B2II and L12II were precipitated from the L12 and B2 over 900°C.The yield and tensile strength decreased sharply at 20–700°C and slowly at 800–1000°C.The elongation first remained stable at 20–700°C and then increased sharply at 800–1000°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases in women with reproductive age, which is associated with hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and ovulatory dysfunction. Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) can mediate progesterone to inhibit the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells and the growth of follicles, and to induce glucolipid metabolism disorder in ovarian granulosa cells, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of PCOS. This study aims to determine the expression of PGRMC1 in serum, ovarian tissue, ovarian granulosa cells, and follicular fluid in PCOS patients and non-PCOS patients, analyze the value of PGRMC1 in diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of PCOS, and investigate its molecular mechanism on ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis and glucolipid metabolism., Methods: A total of 123 patients were collected from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Guangdong Women and Children Hospital (hereinafter referred to as "our hospital") from August 2021 to March 2022 and divided into 3 groups: a PCOS pre-treatment group ( n =42), a PCOS treatment group ( n =36), and a control group ( n =45). The level of PGRMC1 in serum was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The diagnostic and prognostic value of PGRMC1 was evaluated in patients with PCOS by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Sixty patients who underwent a laparoscopic surgery from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2016 were collected and divided into a PCOS group and a control group ( n =30). The expression and distribution of PGRMC1 protein in ovarian tissues were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Twenty-two patients were collected from Reproductive Medicine Center in our hospital from December 2020 to March 2021, and they divided into a PCOS group and a control group ( n =11). ELISA was used to detect the level of PGRMC1 in follicular fluid; real-time RT-PCR was used to detect the expression level of PGRMC1 mRNA in ovarian granulosa cells. Human ovarian granular cell line KGN cells were divided into a scrambled group which was transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) without interference and a siPGRMC1 group which was transfected with specific siRNA targeting PGRMC1. The apoptotic rate of KGN cells was detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression levels of PGRMC1 , insulin receptor ( INSR ), glucose transporter 4 ( GLUT4 ), very low density lipoprotein receptor ( VLDLR ), and low density lipoprotein receptor ( LDLR ) were determined by real-time RT-PCR., Results: The serum level of PGRMC1 in the PCOS pre-treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P <0.001), and the serum level of PGRMC1 in the PCOS treatment group was significantly lower than that in the PCOS pre-treatment group ( P <0.001). The areas under curve (AUC) of PGRMC1 for the diagnosing and prognosis evaluation of PCOS were 0.923 and 0.893, respectively, and the cut-off values were 620.32 and 814.70 pg/mL, respectively. The positive staining was observed on both ovarian granulosa cells and ovarian stroma, which the staining was deepest in the ovarian granulosa cells. The average optical density of PGRMC1 in the PCOS group was significantly increased in ovarian tissue and ovarian granulosa cells than that in the control group (both P <0.05). Compared with the control group, the PGRMC1 expression levels in ovarian granulosa cells and follicular fluid in the PCOS group were significantly up-regulated ( P <0.001 and P <0.01, respectively). Compared with the scrambled group, the apoptotic rate of ovarian granulosa cells was significantly increased in the siPGRMC1 group ( P <0.01), the mRNA expression levels of PGRMC1 and INSR in the siPGRMC1 group were significantly down-regulated ( P <0.001 and P <0.05, respectively), and the mRNA expression levels of GLUT4 , VLDLR and LDLR were significantly up-regulated (all P <0.05)., Conclusions: Serum level of PGRMC1 is increased in PCOS patients, and decreased after standard treatment. PGRMC1 could be used as molecular marker for diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of PCOS. PGRMC1 mainly localizes in ovarian granulosa cells and might play a key role in regulating ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis and glycolipid metabolism.

The present work introduced first-principles calculation to explore the substitution behavior of Ag atoms for Al or Ti atoms in the Ti 2 AlC MAX phase ceramic. The effect of Ag substitution on supercell parameter, bonding characteristic, and stability of the Ti 2 AlC was investigated. The results show that for the substitution of Ag for Al, the Al-Ti bond was replaced by a weaker Ti-Ag bond, decreasing the stability of the Ti 2 AlC. However, the electrical conductivity of the Ti 2 AlC was enhanced after the substitution because of the contribution of Ag 4 d orbital electrons toward the density of states (DOS) at the Fermi level coupled with the filling of Ti d orbital electrons. For the substitution of Ag for Ti, new bonds, such as Ag-Al bond, Ag-C bond, Al-Al bond, Ti-Ti anti-bond, and C-C anti-bond were generated in the Ti 2 AlC. The Ti-Ti anti-bond was strengthened as well as the number of C-C anti-bond was increased with increasing the substitution ratio of Ag for Ti. Similar to the substitution of Ag for Al, the stability of the Ti 2 AlC also decreased because the original Al-Ti bond became weaker as well as the Ti-Ti and C-C anti-bonds were generated during the substitution of Ag for Ti. Comparing with the loss of Ti d orbital electrons, Ag 4 d orbits contributed more electrons to the DOS at the Fermi level, improving the electrical conductivity of the Ti 2 AlC after substitution. Based on the calculation, the substitution limit of Ag for Al or Ti was determined. At last, the substitution behavior of Ag for Al or Ti was compared to discriminate that Ag atoms would tend to preferentially substitute for Ti atoms in Ti 2 AlC. The current work provides a new perspective to understand intrinsic structural characteristic and lattice stability of the Ti 2 AlC MAX phase ceramic.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (decitabine; DAC) and all- trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in vitro . The methylation status of the WT1 promoter was analyzed using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). The expression level of WT1 was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The effect of DAC and ATRA on cell differentiation was evaluated by flow cytometry. The WT1 gene was methylated in U937 cells, but unmethylated in SHI-1 and K562 cells; the U937 cells did not express the WT1 gene, but the SHI-1 and K562 cells highly expressed the WT1 gene. DAC and ATRA, alone or in combination, exhibited no effect on the expression level of WT1 in the U937 cells and on the differentiation of the K562 cells. The combined treatment of DAC and ATRA markedly decreased the WT1 expression levels of the SHI-1 and K562 cells, and induced the differentiation of the SHI-1 and U937 cells. In the SHI-1 cells, WT1 expression changed inversely to the dynamic changes of cluster of differentiation 11b-positive rates. In conclusion, the combined treatment of DAC and ATRA has clinical therapeutic potential in acute monocytic leukemia patients with high WT1 expression and a poor response to standard induction chemotherapy.