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Rationale, Aims and Objectives Method Results Conclusion Psychometrics of the Chinese Life Attitude Self‐rating Questionnaire for Breast Cancer (LASQ‐BC) has not yet been conducted in a larger sample of women with breast cancer. This study aimed to examine the reliability, validity, and sensitivity of the LASQ‐BC in Chinese mainland female breast cancer patients.This is a cross‐sectional study. Reliability was determined by Cronbach's α and Guttman split‐half coefficient. Convergent and discriminant validity were evaluated via item‐subscale and item‐total score correlations. Factorial validity was estimated using a principal component analysis with varimax rotation. Sensitivity was identified via Cohen's effect size (ES) and an independent sample t‐test between the new and recurrent cases. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to further examine sensitivity of the LASQ‐BC under the influence of newly diagnosed breast cancer (yes vs. no).A total of 429 patients completed the questionnaire. Cronbach's α of the LASQ‐BC was 0.96, ranging from 0.86 to 0.92 for the four subscales (i.e., choice and responsibility, life meaning, benevolence, and life experiences). The Guttman split‐half coefficient was 0.90. The hypothesised item‐subscale and item‐total score correlations were higher than the critical value of 0.50. Four factors were extracted from the 23 items, explaining 69.29% of the total variance. Eligible ES (range: 0.38−0.48) was found in the four subscales and total score between the new and recurrent cases (independent sample t‐test), and under the influence of newly diagnosed breast cancer (yes vs. no; multiple linear regression analysis).The Chinese LASQ‐BC has acceptable reliability, validity, and sensitivity in women with breast cancer of mainland China. It can be used to female breast cancer patients as an invaluable metric and a crucial instrument for assessing and discerning those grappling with a suboptimal life attitude, and in gauging the efficacy of psychological interventions tailored to enhance this perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale, aims, and objectives: The psychometrics of the Short‐Form 36 Health Survey version 2 (SF‐36v2) in female breast cancer patients remains unknown. This study aimed to test the reliability, validity, and sensitivity of the Chinese SF‐36v2 in women with breast cancer. Methods: The sample included 326 eligible participants. The reliability and the item convergent and discriminant validity were estimated using Cronbach α (≥0.70) and the multi‐trait multi‐item matrix analysis, respectively. The structural validity was tested using confirmatory factor analysis. Sensitivity was determined via an analysis of variance and the relative efficiency for initially diagnosed cases (yes vs no) as well as the time since diagnosis (years) before and after stratifying by initially diagnosed cases. Results: The overall Cronbach α was 0.91 (eight scales range: 0.72‐0.92). All hypothesized item‐scale correlations were greater than the alternatives (r ≥ 0.40). With acceptable model fit indices, the physical functioning, role‐physical, bodily pain, and general health subscales had stronger contributions to the physical component summary (goodness‐of‐fit index [GFI]: 0.92, parsimony goodness‐of‐fit index [PGFI]: 0.60, comparative fit index [CFI]: 0.91, Tucker‐Lewis index [TLI]: 0.93, adjusted goodness‐of‐fit index [AGFI]: 0.91, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA]: 0.06, normed chi‐squared [NC]: 2.65), while the vitality, social functioning, role‐emotional, and mental health subscales contributed more to the mental component summary (GFI: 0.91, PGFI: 0.62, CFI: 0.91, TLI: 0.92, AGFI: 0.91, RMSEA: 0.07, NC: 2.76). The relative efficiencies with significant F‐statistics were found for mental health (relative efficiency: 34.28; initially diagnosed cases), physical functioning (12.88; time since diagnosis), and physical functioning (5.80), role‐physical (5.15), bodily pain (7.70), social functioning (4.62), role‐emotional (4.72), mental health (4.75), and physical component summary (6.96; initially diagnosed cases with time since diagnosis; P < 0.05 for all variables). Conclusions: Chinese SF‐36v2 has acceptable psychometric properties and is suitable for women with breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Social support has been considered one of the most important factors of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) evaluations among different populations; however, few studies have explored the relationships of both received and perceived social support to HRQoL among patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Thus, the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to clarify these relationships.Methods: Participants were patients admitted at the two largest privately and publicly funded MMT clinics in Xi'an. The main explanatory variable was social support, both received (i.e., social network support and professional support services) and perceived (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support). The outcome was HRQoL, which was evaluated using the Short-Form 36 Health Survey version 2 (SF-36v2) and the Quality of Life Scale for Drug Addicts (QOL-DAv2.0). We carried out independent samples t-tests and multiple linear regression analysis to examine the relationships between received and perceived social support and HRQoL.Results: The study findings revealed that patients with good social support had significantly higher scores on the SF-36v2 and QOL-DAv2.0 (p < 0.05). After controlling for individual characteristics, the significant factors predicting HRQoL were good family relationships, usually communicating with others, a convenient service time, appropriate treatment charges, and good perceived social support (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Our results suggest that received and perceived social support influences HRQoL among individuals receiving MMT. Thus, these variables should be considered during health management efforts and interventions directed at this patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study purpose was to explore relationships between perceived social support and retention in mainland Chinese patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Data collection included baseline information, perceived social support, and retention. A total of 1212 patients completed the cross-sectional survey; 809 (66.7%) perceived good social support and 458 (37.8%) had been re-admitted. Despite controlling baseline information, past retention did not significantly influence perceived social support. At the two-year follow-up, 527 (43.5%) patients terminated MMT. Patients with poorer perceived social support were more likely to terminate treatment, with hazard ratios of 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10–1.57 without controlling baseline information and past retention) and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.04–1.51 controlling baseline information and past retention). Thus, while MMT retention does not significantly influence perceived social support, good perceived social support is a strong predictor of retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breast cancer and its treatment-related adverse effects are harmful to physical, psychological, and social functioning, leading to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) impairment in patients. Many programs have been used with this population for HRQoL improvement; however, few studies have considered the physical, psychological, and social health domains comprehensively, and few have constructed multimodal standard nursing interventions based on specific theories. The purpose of this trial is to examine the effect of a health belief model (HBM)-based multimodal standard nursing program (MSNP) on HRQoL in female patients with breast cancer.Methods: This is a two-arm single-blind cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) in clinical settings. Twelve tertiary hospitals will be randomly selected from the 24 tertiary hospitals in Xi'an, China, and allocated to the intervention arm and control arm using a computer-generated random numbers table. Inpatient female patients with breast cancer from each hospital will receive either MSNP plus routine nursing care immediately after recruitment (intervention arm), or only routine nursing care (control arm). The intervention will be conducted by trained nurses for 12 months. All recruited female patients with breast cancer, participating clinical staff, and trained data collectors from the 12 hospitals will be blind with respect to group allocation. Patients of the control arm will not be offered any information about the MSNP during the study period to prevent bias. The primary outcome is HRQoL measured through the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast version 4.0 at 12 months. Secondary outcomes include pain, fatigue, sleep, breast cancer-related lymphedema, and upper limb function, which are evaluated by a visual analogue scale, the circumference method, and the Constant-Murley Score.Discussion: This trial will provide important evidence on the effectiveness of multimodal nursing interventions delivered by nurses in clinical settings. Study findings will inform strategies for scaling up comprehensive standard intervention programs on health management in the population of female patients with breast cancer.Trial Registration: Chictr.org.cn ChiCTR-IOR-16008253 (April 9, 2016). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the mediator effect of sleep hygiene practices (SHP) on relationships between sleep quality and other sleep-related factors in Chinese mainland university students using structural equation modeling analysis. Of the 413 students, 41.4% had poor sleep quality. Gender, academic stress, relaxed psychological status, good physical status, and SHP had significant direct effects on sleep quality; relaxed psychological status had significant direct effect on SHP and indirect effect on sleep quality via SHP. The direct, indirect, and total effects of gender, academic stress, relaxed psychological status, good physical status, and SHP explained 25% of the variance in sleep quality. The Chinese mainland university students had relative poor sleep quality. SHP was a mediator between sleep quality and relaxed psychological status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]