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In this paper, we irradiated K0.4Co1.3[Fe(CN)6]·nH2O with infrared light ([KCoFePBA]IIP) during the preparation process and compared them with normal preparations ([KCoFePBA]NP). XRD results show that the samples conform to the Fm-3 m space group, and the lattice constants are 10.230 Å ([KCoFePBA]NP) and 10.225 Å ([KCoFePBA]IIP), respectively. According to the results of Mössbauer spectroscopy, due to the induction of infrared light during the preparation process, part of the electrons are transferred from Co2+ to Fe3+, the paramagnetic Fe3+ (S = 1/2)-CN-Co2+ (S = 3/2) changes to the diamagnetic Fe2+ (S = 0)-CN-Co3+ (S = 0) by charge transfer. The magnetization measurement shows that the magnetization of [KCoFePBA]IIP is significantly less than that of [KCoFePBA]NP. At 300 K, the theoretical magnetic moments of [KCoFePBA]NP and [KCoFePBA]IIP are 4.60 µB and 4.37 µB, respectively. The difference in magnetism can be attributed to the charge transfer caused by infrared irradiation during the preparation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, La 1 − x CaxFeO3 (x = 0 , 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) perovskite samples were synthesized by sol–gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Mössbauer were used for measuring. XRD measurement shows that the unit cell volume of LaFeO3 gradually decreases with increasing Ca content. The morphology of the sample was observed by TEM, and there were significant changes in volume and size of the samples with different calcium contents. Mössbauer spectrum study found that with the gradual increase of Ca content, Fe 3. 5 + and Fe 4 + were formed in the sample. The study in this paper will provide a reference for future research on the effect of different calcium contents on the electronic structure of lanthanide ferrite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluated the effects melatonin (MT) on the sugar and acid metabolism of early-ripening peach fruits, the concentration of 150 μmol/L MT was sprayed on the leaves of peach trees. MT increased the contents of total soluble sugar and sucrose in peach fruits during the whole ripening period, and increased the contents of glucose and sorbitol at the mature stage. During the whole ripening period, MT also increased the activities of sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase, neutral invertase, and acidic invertase and the relative expression levels of sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase, neutral invertase, and acidic invertase genes, while decreased the activity of sorbitol oxidase and the relative expression level of sorbitol dehydrogenase to some extent. Moreover, MT decreased the contents of total organic acid, malic acid, and citric acid at mature stage. At mature stage, MT decreased the activities of citrate synthetase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and the relative expression levels of citrate synthetase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase genes, while increased the relative expression levels of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+)-malic enzyme, malate dehydrogenase, and aconitase genes. Therefore, MT promotes the sugar accumulation and organic acid degradation in early-ripening peach fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipopeptides (such as iturin, fengycin, and surfactin) from Bacillus possess antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities and have important application in agriculture and pharmaceuticals. Although unremitting efforts have been devoted to improve lipopeptide production by designing gene regulatory circuits or optimizing fermentation process, little attention has been paid to utilizing multi-omics for systematically mining core genes and proteins during the bacterial growth cycle. Here, lipopeptide bacillomycin Lb from new Bacillus amyloliquefaciens X030 was isolated and first found to have anticancer activity in various cancer cells (such as SMMC-7721 and MDA-MB-231). A comprehensive genomic and growth proteomic analysis of X030 revealed bacillomycin Lb biosynthetic gene cluster, key enzymes and potential regulatory proteins (PerR, PhoP, CcpA, and CsfB), and novel links between primary metabolism and bacillomycin Lb production in X030. The antitumor activity of the fermentation supernatant supplemented with amino acids (such as glutamic acid) and sucrose was significantly increased, verifying the role of key metabolic switches in the metabolic regulatory network. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed that 7 differential expressed genes exhibited a positive correlation between changes at transcriptional and translational levels. The study not only will stimulate the deeper and wider antitumor study of lipopeptides but also provide a comprehensive database, which promotes an in-depth analysis of pathways and networks for complex events in lipopeptide biosynthesis and regulation and gives great help in improving the yield of bacillomycin Lb (media optimization, genetic modification, or pathway engineering). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strigolactone can improve the tolerance of plants to abiotic stress. To improve the phytoremediation capacity of cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator Galinsoga parviflora Cav., the effects of strigolactone (using strigolactone analog GR24 with the concentration of 1 and 2 μmol/L) on the Cd accumulation of G. parviflora were studied. Cd treatment at 0.1 mg/L inhibited the growth of G. parviflora. Under Cd stress (0.1 mg/L), GR24 had no significant effect on the biomass and catalase activity of G. parviflora, while it decreased the peroxidase activity and increased the superoxide dismutase activity. In addition, GR24 decreased the root Cd content and root Cd extraction. GR24 at 1 μmol/L increased the shoot Cd content, shoot Cd extraction, bioconcentration factor, and translocation factor, while at 2 μmol/L, the opposite effect was observed. When the concentration of GR24 was 1 μmol/L, the shoot Cd content and shoot Cd extraction increased by 8.75% and 12.35%, respectively, compared with control. Moreover, correlation and grey relational analyses showed that the translocation factor, shoot Cd content, and plant height were the top three most highly correlated parameters with the shoot Cd extraction. These findings suggest that GR24 at 1 μmol/L can improve the phytoremediation capacity of G. parviflora for Cd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To promote the selenium (Se) uptakes in fruit trees under Se-contaminated soil, the effects of water extract of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D. Don) Hara straw on the Se accumulation in peach seedlings under selenium-contaminated soil were studied. The results showed that the root biomass, chlorophyll content, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and soluble protein content of peach seedlings were increased by the F. dibotrys straw extract. The different forms of Se (total Se, inorganic Se, and organic Se) were also increased in peach seedlings following treatment with the F. dibotrys straw extract. The highest total shoot Se content was treated by the 300-fold dilution of F. dibotrys straw, which was 30.87% higher than the control. The F. dibotrys straw extract also increased the activities of adenosine triphosphate sulfurase (ATPS), and adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase (APR) in peach seedlings, but decreased the activity of serine acetyltransferase (SAT). Additionally, correlation and grey relational analyses revealed that chlorophyll a content, APR activity, and root biomass were closely associated with the total shoot Se content. Overall, this study shows that the water extract of F. dibotrys straw can promote Se uptake in peach seedlings, and 300-fold dilution is the most suitable concentration. The water extract of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D. Don) Hara straw promoted the selenium (Se) uptake in peach seedlings under selenium-contaminated soil. The concentration of F. dibotrys straw extract showed a quadratic polynomial regression relationship with the total root and shoot Se. Furthermore, chlorophyll a content, APR activity, and root biomass were closely associated with the total shoot Se. This study shows that water extract of F. dibotrys straw can promote Se uptake in peach seedlings, and 300-fold dilution is the most suitable concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-/medium-entropy alloys (H/MEAs) with multiple principal elements and promising performance have opened up an unprecedented multi-dimensional compositional space for exploring novel materials. Here, we report a novel B2-strengthening Ni–Co–Cr–Al medium-entropy alloy system with a better combination of strength and ductility. Through simple thermomechanical processing, gigapascal yield strength (∼1 GPa) and ultimate strength (∼1.5 GPa) combined with excellent uniform elongation (∼22%) were achieved. This excellent strength-ductility synergy resulted from the partial recrystallization combined with considerable fine B2 precipitates, and annealing twins in this dual-phase Al13 MEA. This work further broadens material design and optimization space and offers a paradigm for developing heterogeneous microstructures in dual-phase MEAs through alloying and regulating recrystallization and precipitation behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large columnar grains with epitaxial growth are commonly obtained in the additive manufacturing of alloys, resulting in anisotropic mechanical properties and even hot-tearing cracks. Here, we demonstrate a new approach via remelting-introduced columnar-to-equiaxed transformation to promote the formation of fully-equiaxed microstructures in the additive manufacturing of Ni 32 Co 30 Cr 10 Fe 10 Al 18 eutectic high-entropy alloy. Our present work displays promising isotropic mechanical properties with a superior combination of strength and ductility, compared to conventional as-cast and other as-printed eutectic high-entropy alloys. This novel finding could be applicable to the additive manufacturing of other eutectic systems for equiaxed microstructure control and performance optimization. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nNOVELTY STATEMENTThe effects of rootstocks tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), and nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) grafting on the growth and selenium (Se) accumulation of Cyphomandra betacea Sendt. seedlings were studied to identify the most suitable rootstock for increasing Se uptake of fruit trees grown in Se-contaminated soil. The rootstocks of tomato, eggplant, and nightshade grafting increased the scion biomass of C. betacea seedlings by 146.1%, 23.2%, and 94.5%, respectively, compared with the un-grafted seedlings. Moreover, tomato, eggplant, and nightshade rootstocks grafting increased the photosynthesis, superoxide dismutase activity, and peroxidase activity, while reducing the catalase activity and soluble protein content of C. betacea seedlings. Although all three rootstocks grafting decreased Se contents in rootstock roots and stems, only nightshade rootstock grafting increased Se content in the scions of C. betacea seedlings. Notably, root biomass, catalase activity, soluble protein content, rootstock root Se content, and rootstock stem Se content were closely related to the scion Se content. These findings suggest that only grafting onto nightshade rootstock significantly enhances Se uptake in C. betacea, whereas tomato and eggplant rootstocks grafting have no effect on Se uptake.This study shows that under selenium (Se)-contaminated soil conditions, tomato, eggplant, and nightshade rootstocks can promote the growth of C. betacea seedlings and improve their stress resistance. The nightshade rootstock stands out for its ability to promote Se uptake in C. betacea seedlings, suggesting its suitability as a promising rootstock to enhance both growth and Se uptake in C. betacea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bulk CoCrFeNiNb x high entropy alloys (HEAs) were successfully fabricated by direct laser deposition. The microstructures, mechanical properties and work-hardening behavior of the as-deposited CoCrFeNiNb x HEAs were investigated. The uniform and fully compact microstructures were characterized in both longitudinal and transverse sections. Apparent pores and microcracks are absent in all samples. Moreover, a transition from columnar structure to equiaxed structure was observed with the increasing addition of Nb element. Room temperature tensile tests showed the excellent combination of strength and ductility compared with the as-cast counterparts. The CoCrFeNiNb x HEAs show better printability and excellent mechanical properties than other high entropy alloys within direct laser deposition processing. • Bulk CoCrFeNiNb x high entropy alloys were successfully fabricated by direct laser deposition. • The Nb element has significant effects on the phase, microstructures, and mechanical properties. • The alloys show excellent tensile properties and unique work hardening behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jian ware, also known as "Tenmoku," is one of the famous black‐glazed porcelains in China. It was highly coveted in the Song dynasty (960–1279 AD) and was also a tribute to the royal family. The black‐glazed Jian wares are mainly made from iron‐rich clay. In this study, black‐glazed Jian bowl sherds excavated from the Song strata of Jian kiln sites were adopted as test samples. The iron phase and firing techniques of the black‐glazed Jian bowl from the Song dynasty were analyzed and discussed through Mössbauer spectroscopy on the both of body and glaze, together with X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. According to the different iron content and the unique iron oxide phase reflected in the Mössbauer spectra, we analyzed the firing atmosphere, temperature, and other conditions of the ancient Jian bowl, as well as the difference of iron phase between the body and the glaze layer due to the collapse of the silicate framework. It provides new ideas for deciphering the firing technology and improving the synthesis of ancient black‐glazed Jian wares. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Very recently, a method of phase-selective recrystallization has been proposed to significantly increase the ductility of eutectic alloys. Different from the conventional methods, such as adding modifiers and severe plastic deformation, phase-selective recrystallization is a simple way to control the microstructures with selective recrystallization of the soft phase but refining the hard phase. In this paper, we reveal the microstructure evolution in the phase-selective recrystallization treatment of Al–Si alloys. The results show that through phase-selective recrystallization, the microstructure of the eutectic Si phase with high degree of spheroidization and fine grains of the α-Al matrix can be obtained. Simultaneously, the refined hard Si particles and the soft α-Al grains brought the unusual tensile elongation of 24%, triple of that in as-cast state. Meanwhile, the ultimate tensile strength increased from 208 MPa to 291 MPa. The performance of Al–Si alloy with phase-selective recrystallization is superior to all previous treatments and can be used to produce high performance Al–Si alloy sheet with large scale. • High-performance A357 Al–Si alloy was simply prepared by cyclic rolling and recrystallization. • Cyclic rolling and recrystallization simultanously refined the eutectic Si and α-Al matrix. • The elongation and strength of A357 Al–Si alloy were simultanously enhanced. • Cyclic rolling and recrystallization showed great potentical in industrial application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High performance precipitation strengthened high-entropy alloys (HEAs) can be prepared by concurrent recrystallization and precipitation in the process of aging at intermediate temperatures after rolling. Generally, the homogenized samples are subjected to rolling before aging, where the effects of initial grain structure before rolling on the concurrent recrystallization and precipitation are overlooked. In this study, we revealed the inherited effect of initial grain on the concurrent recrystallization and precipitation in Co 37 Cr 20 Ni 37 Ti 3 Al 3 HEA. The heredity of grain homogeneity to the initial grain structure was revealed, where the initial grain structure influences the homogeneity of strain distribution during rolling and influences the recrystallization in the subsequent aging. Moreover, the inherited effect of the initial grain structure also influences the precipitation behavior. TEM characterization confirmed that the lamellar precipitation decreases, while spherical precipitation increases with the increase of the initial grain size. By tailoring the initial grain size, the strength and ductility of Co 37 Cr 20 Ni 37 Ti 3 Al 3 alloy were simultaneously improved. The present study provides a good understanding of the concurrent recrystallization and precipitation in HEAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Nanodelivery is a modern technology involving improved delivery methods and drug formulations. The current development and initial applications of nanocarriers are pointing to new directions in the current development of nanomedicine. Researchers are increasingly applying nanodelivery to the delivery of therapeutic or diagnostic agents. This article discusses the preparation and application of nanocomplexes and nanoparticles, as well as their potential future value in clinical research. Through a review and analysis, it is hoped that this will serve as a guide for the future development of various nanodelivery technologies and help researchers learn more about these technologies. Materials and Methods. A literature search was conducted using the keywords "Nano drug delivery" or "Nanomedical materials" or "Nano". A literature search was conducted in three major databases, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, using the keywords such as "Nano drug delivery", "Nanomedical materials", or "Nanobubble drug delivery". The initial search was screened by title and abstract. In the full-text review, the titles or abstracts were reviewed according to the selection criteria based on the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias and study quality was assessed according to the Cochrane guidelines, and possible biases such as selection bias and good selection bias were included in the review. Results. A total of 297 studies were included in this study, of which 219 were excluded based on the screening criteria, resulting in the inclusion of 78 studies, the majority of which were original studies and clinical trials, and a small number of which provided design and route of administration analysis of nanomaterial particles and effect fluorograms and were studied in more depth. This paper summarises and reviews the views and directions of the included articles. The main directions include cyclodextrin-based or grafted cyclodextrin nanomaterials, nanobubbles, and stimuli-sensitive and temperature-sensitive nanodelivery systems. Conclusion. The use of innovative, targeted drug delivery systems is effective in cancer drug delivery by summarising the previous studies. However, nanodelivery systems' risks and therapeutic effects need to be evaluated before clinical application. Future research in the field of targeted drug delivery nanosystems should focus on the development of nanocarriers with high in vivo delivery capacity, good synergy with therapeutic agents, and milder short-term and long-term toxicological effects and conduct comprehensive preclinical trials on nanodrug delivery systems with high potential for clinical application as soon as possible, to find nanodrug delivery systems suitable for clinical use and put them into the clinical application as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high production mutated strain Bacillus thuringiensis X023PN (BtX023PN) was screened from the wild strain Bacillus thuringiensis X023 (BtX023) after atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) and nitrosoguanidine (NTG) mutation. BtX023PN grows faster than the wild strain, and its lysis of mother cell was 6 h ahead BtX023, but the ability of sporulation was significantly reduced. Bioassay indicated that compared with the wild type strain, the virulence of BtX023PN against Plutella xylostella (P. xylostella) and Mythimna seperata (M. seperata) increased to 2.33-fold and 2.13-fold respectively. qRT-PCR and SDS-PAGE demonstrated that the production of Cry1Ac increased by 61%. Resequence indicated that the mutated sites enriched on the key carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism. This study provides a new strain resource for the development of Bt insecticides and a feasible technical strategy for the breeding of Bt. Key points: • Atmospheric and room temperature plasma used in breeding of Bacillus thuringiensis. • Less stationary phase time with more ICP production. • Semi-lethal concentration against Plutella xylostella reduced by about 57% [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Lysine metabolism plays an important role in the formation of the insecticidal crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). The genes lam, gabD and sucA encode three key enzymes of the lysine metabolic pathway in Bt4.0718. The lam gene mainly affects the cell growth at stable period, negligibly affected sporulation and insecticidal crystal protein (ICP) production. While, the deletion mutant strains of the gabD and sucA genes showed that the growth, sporulation and crystal protein formation were inhibited, cells became slender, and insecticidal activity was significantly reduced. iTRAQ proteomics and qRT‐PCR used to analyse the differentially expressed protein (DEP) between the two mutant strains and the wild type strain. The functions of DEPs were visualized and statistically classified, which affect bacterial growth and metabolism by regulating biological metabolism pathways: the major carbon metabolism pathways, amino acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation pathways, nucleic acid metabolism, fatty acid synthesis and peptidoglycan synthesis. The gabD and sucA genes in lysine metabolic pathway are closely related to the sporulation and crystal proteins formation. The effects of DEPs and functional genes on basic cellular metabolic pathways were studied to provide new strategies for the construction of highly virulent insecticidal strains, the targeted transformation of functional genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• LMD Ni32Al18 alloy has lower strength and higher ductility than the arc melted counterpart. • Anisotropy in flow stress of LMD sample is found and it does not change with the strain rate. • LMD and arc melted Ni32Al18 alloys exhibit different rate-temperature coupling effects. • A viscoplastic constitutive model is developed for LMD and arc melted Ni32Al18 alloys. • Ni32Al18 alloy exhibits superior dynamic specific yield strength at high temperature. Since the eutectic high-entropy alloys (EHEAs) have been expected to be candidates for superalloys at the beginning of their invention, getting insights into their high-temperature mechanical performance under impact loadings is of particular significance for exploring their application potential in extreme service environments with high temperature and high strain rate. Meanwhile, additive manufacturing methods have been found to be very suitable for preparing EHEAs in the past two or three years. Therefore, this work, as the first attempt, carries out a comparative study on the microstructural and dynamic thermomechanical performances of the Ni 32 Co 30 Cr 10 Fe 10 Al 18 (Ni 32 Al 18) EHEA manufactured by the laser metal deposition (LMD) and arc melting. The uniaxial compressive responses are tested over a strain rate range of 0.001/s∼7000/s and a temperature range of 77 K∼1123 K. The difference in microstructures and plastic flow behaviors between the LMD and the arc melted samples are revealed. The results show that the LMD samples feature a combination of the primary FCC phases and the typical lamellar eutectic structures, while the arc melted samples possess only ultrafine lamellar eutectic structures. The LMD samples exhibit lower strength and higher ductility than the arc melted ones. The high strength in the arc melted samples is attributed to the high athermal resistance of the dense lamellar structures (composed of ultrafine FCC and B2 phases) to mobile dislocations, while the primary FCC phases lead to high ductility and strain hardening ability in the LMD samples. The anisotropy in flow stress of the LMD sample is found at each strain rate and attributed to the different phase boundary densities generated by the LMD route in different directions. Then, a viscoplastic constitutive model considering the microstructural features is developed, which can reflect the size effect of grains and phases on flow stress, as well as the influence of the phase content on the rate-temperature coupling effect. This model is demonstrated to successfully predict the dynamic plastic flow behavior of both the LMD and arc melted Ni 32 Al 18 EHEA over a wide range of temperature. Furthermore, the Ni 32 Al 18 EHEA is found to have superior high-temperature dynamic specific yield strength compared to several existing typical superalloys. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The category and morphology of precipitates are essential factors in determining the mechanical behaviors of aluminum alloys. It is a great challenge to synthetically modulate multiple precipitates to simultaneously improve strength and ductility. In the present work, by optimizing the precipitations of the GP zone, θ'-approximant and θ' phase for an Al-Cu-Mn alloy, a high tensile strength of 585 MPa with large elongation of 12.35% was achieved through pre-deformation and aging. The microstructure evolution pattern was revealed by detailed characterizations of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that such high tensile strength of the samples was due to a combination of strengthening by the high density of dispersive fine precipitates and dislocations, and the high elongation to failure was primarily attributed to the multimodal precipitates and elimination of precipitation-free zones along the grain boundaries. The strategy proposed here is a promising way of preparing ultra-strong Al-Cu-Mn alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We found a high-yielding strain of macrolactin A and oxydifficidin for the first time. • The strain N-11 had stronger antibacterial effect on Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas veronii. • The strain N-11 improved the specific immunity in grass carp. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens X030 (BaX030) has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against the fish pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas veronii. To improve its antibacterial effect, BaX030 was subjected to compound mutagenesis of atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) and nitrosoguanidine (NTG). The results showed that, compared with the original strain, the production of macrolactin A and oxydifficidin in mutated strain N-11 increased to 39 % and 268 %, respectively. The re-sequencing analysis suggested that there were SNPs and InDels in the gene clusters focused on the sucrose utilization pathway, glycolysis pathway and fatty acid synthesis pathway. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that strain N-11 became thin and long. The qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression of immune factors in the liver or kidney tissue of grass carp increased after feeding with N-11. H&E staining and protection experiments also showed that the mortality and surface symptoms of grass carp infected by the two pathogens were significantly reduced. The study identified a probiotic strain with potential application value in aquaculture production and provided a new strategy for the discovery of new strains with higher antibacterial biological activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]