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Patients with end‐stage renal disease require to establish vascular access for regular hemodialysis. The creation of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is usually a safe procedure; however, there could be complications such as bleeding, hematoma, pseudoaneurysm, thrombosis, infection, and steal syndrome. A rare complication of such vascular manipulation could be formation of lymphocele. We present a case of a 67‐year‐old man who presented with a progressively enlarging mass 12 days after the surgery for AVF creation at the site of surgery in the right upper arm. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a fluid‐filled cystic structure measuring about 4.2 × 3.6 × 1.9 cm under the skin just above the anastomosis. The fluid was aspirated using ultrasound‐guided fluoroscopy that relieved the swelling. The analysis of aspirate suggested the cyst to be a lymphocele. The mass re‐enlarged to its previous size in the next 3 days. While under observation for signs of complication, regular intermittent compression and a low‐fat diet completely resolved the lymphocele over the subsequent 3 months. The less common occurrence of such lymphocele post AVF creation needs to be evaluated for its potential for complication, in the absence of which the lymphocele is amenable to conservative management using regular intermittent compression and low‐fat oral diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co-Co3O4 hybrids were synthesized by pyrolysis of Co2+/ZIF-67 precursors and employed into cyclohexane aerobic oxidation. Homogeneity degree of Co3O4 distribution in Co was affected by the cobalt loading. The homogeneity of Co-Co3O4 hybrids brought about the low crystallinity and declined reducibility of Co3O4, creation of abundant oxygen vacancies due to the existence of Co-Co3O4 interaction. As the cobalt loading increased the amount of surface oxygen vacancies presented the volcano shape and maximized at 65.3 wt%. The catalytic performance was positively correlated with surface oxygen vacancies and the highest conversion of 16.3% with 96.5% KA oil selectivity was obtained over 65Co-Co3O4/CN catalyst. Kinetic study revealed that the presence of abundant oxygen vacancies can effectively decrease the activation energy of cyclohexane oxidation via the promoted activation of O2. Additionally, water formed during cyclohexane oxidation was the main reason for the catalyst deactivation because of the preferred adsorption on the active sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three‐component reaction of epoxides, amines, and dimethyl carbonate catalyzed by rare‐earth metal amides has been developed to synthesize oxazolidinones. 47 examples of 3,5‐disubstituted oxazolidinones were prepared in 13–97 % yields. This is a simple and most practical method which employs easily available substrates and catalysts, and is applicable to a wide range of aromatic and aliphatic amines, as well as mono‐substituted epoxides. Scope of disubstituted epoxides is rather limited, which requires further study. Preliminary mechanistic study reveals two possible reaction pathways through intermediates of β‐amino alcohols or amides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-loading single-atom Co catalysts with the robust structure boosts the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane. [Display omitted] • Single-atom Co was prepared by coupling one-pot strategy with adsorption method. • Coordination structures of single-atom Co on C 3 N 4 were elucidated. • Cyclohexane conversion of 21 %, selectivity of 95 % were obtained. • Mechanism of cyclohexane catalytic oxidation on the single-atom Co was revealed. The atomically-dispersed and high-loading Co on graphitic carbon nitrogen (Co/C 3 N 4 -w, w representing the molar ratio of Co to melamine in the synthesis recipe) was synthesized by coupling the one-pot strategy with the electrostatic adsorption method and used for the solvent-free aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane. The characterization results of Co/C 3 N 4 -w revealed that the single-atom Co with the positive charge existed in the sixfold cavities of C 3 N 4 and was stabilized by the Co N interaction along with the electron transfer from Co atoms to C 3 N 4. The catalytic activity of Co/C 3 N 4 -w presented the positive correlation with the loading of the single-atom Co, and the superior catalytic performance with 21 % conversion and 95 % overall selectivity was obtained over Co/C 3 N 4 -0.02, which also exhibited the excellent universality to the aerobic oxidation of other cycloalkanes and alkyl aromatics. Experiments combined with density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the favored O 2 dissociation and intermediate cyclohexylhydroperoxide decomposition on the low-coordinated single-atom Co, and the promoted adsorption of cyclohexane on the electron-rich C 3 N 4 surface, synergically boosted the cyclohexane oxidation. Distinctively, the high stability of Co/C 3 N 4 -0.02 in the cyclohexane oxidation originated from the robust single-atom Co structures and hydrophobic C 3 N 4 surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Large-scale fed-batch cell culture processes of CHO cells are the standard platform for the clinical and commercial production of monoclonal antibodies. Lactate is one of the major by-products of CHO fed-batch culture. In pH-controlled bioreactors, accumulation of high levels of lactate is accompanied by high osmolality due to the addition of base to control pH of the cell culture medium, potentially leading to lower cell growth and lower therapeutic protein production during manufacturing. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of the substrate, pyruvate, into lactate and many factors including pyruvate concentration modulate LDH activity. Alternately, pyruvate can be converted to acetyl-CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenases (PDHs), to be metabolized in the TCA cycle. PDH activity is inhibited when phosphorylated by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDHKs). In this study, we knocked down the gene expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHa) and PDHKs to investigate the effect on lactate metabolism and protein production. We found that LDHa and PDHKs can be successfully downregulated simultaneously using a single targeting vector carrying small inhibitory RNAs (siRNA) for LDHa and PDHKs. Moreover, our fed-batch shake flask evaluation data using siRNA-mediated LDHa/PDHKs knockdown clones showed that downregulating LDHa and PDHKs in CHO cells expressing a therapeutic monoclonal antibody reduced lactate production, increased specific productivity and volumetric antibody production by approximately 90%, 75% and 68%, respectively, without appreciable impact on cell growth. Similar trends of lower lactate level and higher antibody productivity on average in siRNA clones were also observed from evaluations performed in bioreactors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Presents a study which defined the sequence contexts which improved the mutagenic potential of the 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine, using in vitro selection. Reduction of the contexts; Details on base moieties in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA); In-depth look at the depurination, deamination, and oxidation processes; Methodology used to conduct the study; Results of the study.

Persistence of CAR-T cell function is associated with relapse rate after CAR-T therapy, while co-stimulatory agents are highly concerned with the persistence of CAR-T cells. In this study, we designed and constructed a series of BCMA-targeting second-generation CAR constructs containing CD28, 41BB, and OX40 molecules, respectively, to identify the costimulatory domains most favorable for persistence. The results of routine in vitro studies showed that OX40-CAR-T and 41BB-CAR-T had similar antitumor effects and were superior to CD28-CAR-T in terms of proliferation and cytotoxicity. Although difficult to distinguish by conventional functional assays, OX40-CAR-T cells exhibited greater proliferation and enhanced immune memory than 41BB-CAR-T cells with the repeated stimulation assay by BCMA-expressing target cells. In vivo studies further demonstrated that OX40-CAR-T cells had stronger proliferative activity than 41BB-CAR-T cells, which was highly consistent with the in vitro antitumor activity and proliferation results. Our study provides for the first time a scientific basis for designing OX40-CAR-T cell therapy to improve relapse in patients with MM after CAR-T treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]