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An automatic chemiluminescence magnetic enzyme immunoassay based on the high specificity of antigen and antibody was developed for rapid and quantitative determination of lead in grain. By optimizing the pre-treatment conditions and the reaction conditions of chemiluminescence magnetic enzyme immunoassay, the automatic determination of lead in rice, wheat and corn samples was realized. The detection range was 0.05~0.71 mg/kg, and the limit of detection was 0.02 mg/kg in rice and corn and 0.01 mg/kg in wheat. The recovery range was 89.2%~113.6%, and the relative standard deviations were all less than 10%. Based on the chemiluminescence immune platform, the developed method can realize eight samples simultaneous auto-detection within 30 min. Meanwhile, the automatic detection method can avoid human errors, and greatly improve the accuracy and efficiency, showing a good application prospect in the rapid quantitative detection of lead in grain.

Grain and oil matrix reference materials are commonly used in the evaluation of analysis methods, capability verification, and quality control of laboratory analysis and testing processes, due to the consistent composition with actual samples. They play irreplaceable roles in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of test results and are important “measuring instruments” in the field of analysis. In recent years, the domestic and international development status, types, and typical applications of reference materials for grain and oil matrices were reviewed in this paper. Based on the analysis of the main problems existing in this field，the demand and trend of the RMs for grain and oil matrices were prospected，which can provide more meaningful reference for the future research on grain and oil RMs.

Sample representativeness is the premise to ensure the authenticity and accuracy of test results. The application scenario of unmanned detection is taken as the research object. Through the research on the uniformity of major heavy metals content detection in the sample processing of unmanned sample sampler, it is clear that mixing operation and sampling control are the necessary steps to ensure the representativeness of samples. By the method of combining dyeing simulation and actual sample verification, the key parameters such as the blending operation mode and parameters, the amount of samples crushed and tested for automatic sampling were systematically studied, and an optimal blending sampling scheme was obtained to ensure the representativeness of samples for unmanned heavy metal testing. The results showed that, the anchor type mountain paddle was used to stir 100 laps in revolution mode or repeat mix and separate samples for 3 times, and the minimum sample sampling amount for crushing was 150 g. The maximum crushed particle size of the sample was 1 mm and the minimum weight was 0.5g. This scheme was suitable for the representative detection of lead and cadmium elements in rice and wheat samples less than 6 kg. The research results provide technical supports for ensuring the representativeness and accuracy of heavy metal detection results in grain.

Food safety problems caused by excessive metals have potential health hazards related to people’s heath. The development of rapid detection technology for heavy metals in food is an effective means to prevent food with excessive heavy metals from entering the market. However, the accuracy and stability of the rapid detection of heavy metals in food is difficult to be guaranteed due to the low limit of the target element and the interference of sample matrix after pretreatment. Adsorption materials could have good accumulation on heavy metals, and are effective to remove the matrix of food, which provides technical support for the realization of rapid detection of heavy metals in food. Based on the analysis and summary of the current research on the application of adsorption materials for detecting heavy metals in food, the advantages and disadvantages of adsorption materials including absorbability and limit of detection were discussed, and the development trend in the future was also prospected.

Cell division cycle-associated (CDCA) genes are dysregulated in carcinomas. Our study aims to identify similarities and differences of the clinical roles of CDCAs in breast cancer (BRCA) and to explore their potential mechanisms. In GEPIA, compared to normal tissues, expressions of CDCAs were higher in BRCA and sub-types. In addition, CDCAs were significantly positively related to stages and predicted worse survival in BRCA. In CancerSEA, expression levels of most CDCAs were strongly positively related to cell cycle, DNA damage, DNA repair, and proliferation. In TIMER, CDCAs were linked with immune infiltration levels of BRCA, including Dendritic cell, B cell and so on, and were positively related to most of the common markers of immune cells, especially CD38 of B cell and IL12RB2 of Th1. In GeneMANIA, there were complex interactions and co-expression relationships between CDCAs and cell division-associated genes. In addition, CDCA1, CDCA3, CDCA5, CDCA6 and CDCA8 had a high proportion of amplification in BRCA, and CDCA1, CDCA2, CDCA5, CDCA7 and CDCA8 had high levels of body DNA methylation. Among 11 transcription factors possibly combining promoters of all CDCAs, FOXP3 and YY1 were significantly higher in BRCA in comparison to normal tissues, and both had a positive relationship with all CDCAs in GEPIA and IHC. In addition, silencing FOXP3 or YY1 decreased levels of CDCAs in MDA-MB-231. In summary, CDCAs have various similarities in clinical functions, functional states, immune infiltration, and mechanisms, and they may become novel potential biomarkers for BRCA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objection was to evaluate the applicability of an automated method for aflatoxins analysis by using Immunoaffinity Magnetic Bead - UPLC. The results showed that the average recovery of the mmunoaffinity Magnetic Bead was above 95%, and the relative standard deviation was less than 3.3%. The results of the quality control samples were within the range of the reference uncertainty. The method was accurate and reliable.T testing (sig. (bilateral) = 0.533) proved that there was no significant difference between two independent purification instruments.62 researchers evaluated two methods of purifications with immunomagnetic beads and immunoaffinity column. T testing has proved that the results of the two methods were no significant difference.However, the dispersion degree of the immunomagnetic bead automated processing method was smaller than that of the immunoaffinity column method. Moreover, the z-value of all the test were less than 2 (| Z | ≤2). Hence, this method can detect cereals and oils. In addition, the method is environmentally friendly, simply, and lower-cost, which greatly improved detection efficiency and level.

A new pretreatment method for the determination of cadmium in grain was developed: citric acid extraction method. The basic parameters affecting the citric acid extraction were optimized, and the best pretreatment conditions were obtained. The accuracy of the method was investigated by using certified reference materials and reference materials. The citric acid was fixed in 10 mL centrifuge tube, which provided technical support for the application of this method. After optimization, only citric acid and water are needed to determinate the cadmium in grains. The detected results of certified reference materials and reference materials were all within the assigned values. The RSD of 7 independent tests was less than 5%. The method has good precision and accuracy. The detection limit and quantitative limit of the method are 0.039 ng/mL and 0.129 ng/mL, respectively which can meet the requirements of cadmium detection in grains. The whole pretreatment process can complete in 15 minutes, which is safe, green, simple and easy to operate.

The uncertainty of GC method in the determination of fatty acids in peanut oil was evaluated based on Monte Carlo method (MCM). The results show thatthe uncertainty of C16:0 is 10.78%±0.23%, C18:0 is 3.52%±0.08%, C18:1n9c is 45.75%±0.58%, C18:2n6c is 32.10%±0.52%, C22:0 is2.84±0.07%. The MCM method avoids the complicated measurement deduction such as partial derivative of measurement model and the process of type A and type B evaluation when used to evaluate the measurement uncertainty. The uncertainty of measurement of 21 fatty acid components in peanut oil can be easily and quickly calculated by MCM software.This method provides technical support for improving the evaluation ability of laboratory uncertainty.

Purpose: PABPN1 acts as a modulator of poly(A) tail length and alternative polyadenylation. This research was aimed to explore the role of PABPN1 in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Public databases were performed to analyze expression, location, roles of prognosis and tumor immunity and interaction with RNAs and proteins of PABPN1. To investigate PABPN1 expression in tissues, 78 CRC specimens were collected to conduct IHC, and 30 pairs of frozen CRC and corresponding adjacent normal tissues were used to conduct qRT-PCR and WB. In addition, in vitro experiments were then carried out to identify the role of PABPN1 in CRC. Results: Compared with normal tissues, PABPN1 expression was significant higher in CRC. Its high level predicted poor outcome of CRC. Th1 and Treg had significant negative relationships not only with PABPN1 expression, but also with six molecules interacting with PABPN1, including IFT172, KIAA0895L, RECQL4, WDR6, PABPC1 and NCBP1. In addition, PABPN1 had negative relationships with quite a few immune markers, such as CSF1R, IL-10, CCL2 and so on. In cellular experiments, silencing PABPN1 inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in HCT-116 CRC cells. Conclusion: In summary, PABPN1 might become a novel biomarker and correlate with tumor immunity in CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paeoniflorin biosynthesis, O-benzoyltransferase, monoterpene, Paeonia ostii, BAHD acyltransferase Keywords: O-benzoyltransferase; paeoniflorin biosynthesis; monoterpene; Paeonia ostii; BAHD acyltransferase EN O-benzoyltransferase paeoniflorin biosynthesis monoterpene Paeonia ostii BAHD acyltransferase 14 16 3 01/11/23 20230101 NES 230101 PoDPBT, an O-benzoyltransferase belonging to the BAHD family, can catalyze the benzoylation of 8-debenzoylpaeoniflorin to paeoniflorin. [Extracted from the article]

Eukaryotic initiation factor 3 subunit M (EIF3M) is required for key steps in the initiation of protein synthesis, and dysregulation of EIF3M is associated with tumorigenesis. This study aimed to explore the clinicopathological and prognostic role of EIF3M in patients with colon adenocarcinoma. A total of 82 pathology specimens, 20 freeze-thawed tumors and 80 healthy controls were used to investigate the expression of EIF3M in colon adenocarcinoma through immunohistochemistry, western blotting, RT-qPCR and ELISA. In addition, Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were used to analyze overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Furthermore, the Oncomine database was used for analyzing EIF3M expression. The positive rate of EIF3M in colon adenocarcinoma was higher compared with that in normal colon tissues (62.20% vs. 29.27%; P<0.001). The mean score of EIF3M was also higher in colon adenocarcinoma compared with normal colon tissue (17.28±10.05 vs. 6.53±4.87; P<0.001). The levels of EIF3M expression in freeze-thawed tumors and serum from 20 patients with colon adenocarcinoma were higher than those in normal tissues and serum from healthy controls, respectively (P<0.001). In addition, positive expression of EIF3M was associated with tumor size (P=0.002) and Dukes' stage (P<0.001). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, EIF3M expression was an independent prognostic factor for OS (P=0.003) and DFS (P=0.001). Oncomine database analysis showed a higher expression of EIF3M expression in colon adenocarcinoma compared with normal colon tissues, colon squamous cell carcinomas or gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In conclusion, EIF3M expression was associated with tumor size and Dukes' stage in colon adenocarcinoma. Hence, EIF3M is a potential prognostic indicator for colon adenocarcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]