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This research presents an augmented Kalman estimator and an equivalent replacement-based Taylor series (ERBTS)-linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control strategy to cope with the control accuracy and response delay of magnetorheological (MR) dampers for vehicle semi-active suspensions. The parameters in the MR model are identified from experimental measurements. Then, two main sources of control error, namely, modelling error and real-time variety of the MR damper output force, are defined as an integrated compound real-time variety. Subsequently, they are written into a differential equation with characteristics of the minimum system to augment the state equation of the semi-active suspension system. The augmented Kalman estimator is constructed to estimate the abovementioned compound real-time variety. To calculate an acceptable time-delay compensation predictive control force, an equivalent operation is implemented beforehand in the suspension comprehensive performance index by replacing a part of the squared time-delay control force with the corresponding predictive control force. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed augmented Kalman estimator, and the newly developed ERBTS-LQG controller almost achieves control effectiveness of the ideal time delay free semi-active suspension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional water and fertilizer management practices have led to elevated greenhouse gas emissions from rice fields and decreased the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization in agricultural land. The implementation of water-saving irrigation and the substitution of chemical fertilizers with organic alternatives can influence CH4 and N2O emissions in rice fields. However, it remains unclear how the simultaneous application of both methods will affect the CH4 and N2O emissions in rice fields. Therefore, two irrigation methods (F: flooded irrigation; C: controlled irrigation) and three fertilization modes (A: full chemical fertilizer; B: bio-organic fertilizer replacing 15% chemical nitrogen fertilizer; C: bio-organic fertilizer replacing 30% chemical nitrogen fertilizer) were set up through field experiments to explore the effect of greenhouse gas emission reduction in rice fields by combining controlled irrigation and bio-organic fertilizers. Substituting some chemical fertilizers with bio-organic fertilizers can lower the peak CH4 and N2O fluxes in rice fields, leading to a decrease in the cumulative CH4 and N2O emissions by 11.9~29.7% and 10.8~57.3%, respectively. The reductions led to a considerable decrease in the global warming potential (GWP) and the greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI) by 16.1~48.1% and 16.3~48.1%, respectively. Controlled irrigation significantly reduced CH4 emissions by 55.2~69.4% compared with flooded irrigation in rice fields. However, it also increased N2O emissions by 47.5~207.9%, considerably reducing their GWPs by 11.8~45.5%. Neither bio-organic fertilizer substitution nor controlled irrigation significantly affected rice yield. Replacing 15% of chemical nitrogen fertilizers with bio-organic fertilizers in controlled irrigation rice fields can minimize rice GWP and GHGI. The study's results are of significant importance for enhancing the regulation of greenhouse gases in farmland and achieving sustainable agriculture through cleaner production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a multifaceted cardiovascular condition that imposes significant economic and social burdens on society, while also presenting a dearth of efficacious treatment modalities. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) possess the ability to influence the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cardiac disease through their regulation of gene transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications. Additionally, certain lncRNAs can be encoded by the mitochondrial genome, hence impacting mitochondrial function. The heart relies heavily on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation for approximately 95 % of its ATP production. Consequently, the primary determinant linking mitochondrial dysfunction to heart failure is the impairment of cardiac energy supply resulting from mitochondrial injury. Cardiac dysfunction can arise as a result of various factors, including metabolic disease, disturbances in calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial phagocytosis, all of which are facilitated by mitochondrial damage. Currently, an increasing body of research indicates that lncRNA plays a significant role in the regulation of mitochondrial activity, hence impacting heart failure. As a result, the goal of this paper is to propose new ideas and targets for clinical research and therapy of heart failure by reviewing recent research on the regulatory mechanism of mitochondrial function by novel lncRNAs., (© 2023 The Authors.)