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To develop noble-metal-free catalysts, three CoxSy samples, i.e. Co9S8, CoS and CoS2, have been prepared and investigated for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Co9S8 has the best surface electron immigration efficiency and the highest H2-adsorption capability, which make it the most promising catalyst. On the other hand, CoS has higher electron transfer efficiency than CoS2, leading to stronger H absorption capability. As a result, the catalytic activity of the three catalysts shows the following trend: Co9S8 ＞ CoS ＞ CoS2 under the same reaction conditions. Finally, a plausible catalytic mechanism has also been proposed, which is helpful in acquiring an in-depth insight into the catalytic role of CoxSy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a leading cause of visual loss in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, the molecular mechanism for CNV progression is still unclear. This study aimed to identify CNV-related circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel class of non-coding RNAs with diverse functions. A total of 117 circRNAs were differentially expressed in the murine CNV model by microarrays. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed to identify the functions of selected circRNAs. The host genes of these circRNAs were predicted to be targeted to neurogenesis (ontology: biological process), proteinaceous extracellular matrix (ECM) (ontology: cellular component), and binding (ontology: molecular function). Differentially expressed circRNAs-mediated regulatory networks were enriched in ECM receptor interaction. Most of the dysregulated circRNAs could potentially bind to five different miRNAs by TargetScan and miRanda. Specifically, circ_15752 was identified in this circRNAs pool which may facilitate vascular endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation, suggesting a critical role in endothelial angiogenesis. Our work suggests that dysregulated circRNAs may be involved in CNV pathogenesis and serve as potential biomarkers for CNV.

To develop noble-metal-free catalysts, three CoxSy samples, i.e. Co9S8, CoS and CoS2, have been prepared and investigated for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Co9S8 has the best surface electron immigration efficiency and the highest H2-adsorption capability, which make it the most promising catalyst. On the other hand, CoS has higher electron transfer efficiency than CoS2, leading to stronger H absorption capability. As a result, the catalytic activity of the three catalysts shows the following trend: Co9S8 > CoS > CoS2 under the same reaction conditions. Finally, a plausible catalytic mechanism has also been proposed, which is helpful in acquiring an in-depth insight into the catalytic role of CoxSy.

Based on the photochemical property of semiconductors, a light irradiation-assisted strategy has been designed using one-dimensional ZnO nanorods as carriers to synthesize the rod-type PtO 2 /ZnO catalyst with a well-defined structure. The high crystallinity and uniform crystal structure of the ZnO matrix conduct the in situ deposition of PtO 2 nanoparticles with 1.1-2.1 nm, which are evenly and densely anchored on the surface. Those small-sized and well-dispersed PtO 2 nanoparticles endow the PtO 2 /ZnO catalyst a superior catalytic performance for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, which can convert all the substrates within 6.25 min. It is demonstrated that the catalytic activity of the PtO 2 /ZnO catalyst is 2.3 times as high as that of the sample obtained by traditional wet-oxidation method under the same reaction conditions. Moreover, the light-irradiation time has been found to greatly affect the structure and activity of PtO 2 /ZnO catalysts, and the product with 30 min exhibits the best catalytic performance in this work, as well as the good stability for ten runs. In terms of the photoexcited process of ZnO and reactive species-trapped experiments, the formation mechanism of PtO 2 /ZnO catalysts has been explored in detail, which will probably stimulate the design and study of other metal-supported catalysts.