Search

In Baijiu brewing process with open fermentation, lactic acid bacteria were introduced into fermented grains to produce L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid. Lactic acid was distilled into the liquor body, and were important flavor substances in Baijiu. However, excessive lactic acid may affect alcohol metabolism and the comfort of human body after drinking. Different brewing raw materials, lactic acid bacteria and production technologies led to different contents and proportions of two chiral lactic acid in Baijiu, which led to differences in flavor and quality of Baijiu. In this paper, the production mechanism of two chiral lactic acid in Baijiu was reviewed. The metabolic function in human body, the content and proportion difference of two chiral lactic acid in Baijiu were summarized. The effects and control measures of raw materials, Jiuqu, fermented grains, fermentation process, fermentation temperature, L-lactic acid high-yielding strain, distillation technology and pit muds on two chiral lactic acid production were discussed, and the effect of two chiral lactic acid on Baijiu quality was discussed, aiming to provide some references for increasing L-lactic acid and reducing D-lactic acid regulation in Baijiu production without affecting the flavor of Baijiu.

In Baijiu production, lactic acid bacteria are introduced into fermented grains to produce lactic acid by open fermentation, which is an important flavor substance in Baijiu through distillation. However, both high and low content of lactic acid in Baijiu would negatively affect Baijiu flavor and human comfort after drinking. Therefore, it is important to analyze the production mechanism and control measures of lactic acid in Baijiu, to ensure that lactic acid is in the appropriate concentration. It is of significance for the production of Baijiu and the responsible drinking of consumers. The production mechanism of lactic acid in Baijiu was reviewed, the effect of lactic acid on Baijiu and human metabolism were summarized, the control measures of lactic acid production in Baijiu, the effect of the control measures on the quality, taste and yield of Baijiu, as well as the practical application in some Baijiu enterprises were discussed. The aim was to provide some reference for the regulation of lactic acid in the actual production of Baijiu enterprises.

A 6-year-old girl presented with recurrent skin rash at the initial stage, recent joint pain, and neutrophilia was found during a routine blood test. After a multidisciplinary case discussion, she was diagnosed with chronic neutrophil leukemia, and the symptoms were relieved after hydroxyurea and luxolitinib treatment. She received the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation subsequently. At present, she is in stable condition and under follow-up. Chronic neutrophil leukemia is a rare disease, which rarely occurs in children. It is more difficult to diagnose in patients with skin rash as the first manifestation. The diagnosis and treatment of this case reflects the important role of multidisciplinary cooperation in the diagnosis and treatment of difficult and rare diseases.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapy drug widely used in clinical settings, acting as a first‐line treatment for various malignant tumors. However, its use is greatly limited by the cardiotoxicity it induces, including doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy (DIC). The mechanisms behind DIC are not fully understood, but its potential biological mechanisms are thought to include oxidative stress, inflammation, energy metabolism disorders, mitochondrial damage, autophagy, apoptosis, and ferroptosis. Recent studies have shown that cardiac injury induced by DOX is closely related to ferroptosis. Due to their high efficacy, availability, and low side effects, natural medicine treatments hold strong clinical potential. Currently, natural medicines have been shown to mitigate DOX‐induced ferroptosis and ease DIC through various functions such as antioxidation, iron ion homeostasis correction, lipid metabolism regulation, and mitochondrial function improvement. Therefore, this review summarizes the mechanisms of ferroptosis in DIC and the regulation by natural plant products, with the expectation of providing a reference for future research and development of inhibitors targeting ferroptosis in DIC. This review explores the mechanisms of ferroptosis in doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy (DIC) and summarizes how natural plant products can alleviate DIC by inhibiting ferroptosis through reducing oxidative stress, correcting iron ion homeostasis, regulating lipid metabolism, and improving mitochondrial function. Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective chemotherapy drug but is limited by cardiotoxicity such as doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy (DIC). Mechanisms include oxidative stress, inflammation, and more. Natural medicines show promise in mitigating DOX‐induced ferroptosis and easing DIC due to their high efficacy and low side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The ratio of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (NHHR) index is a relatively new composite lipid index, the relationship between NHHR and depression is unclear from the current study. The primary aim of our study was to examine the association between the prevalence of depression and NHHR in a US population. Methods: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) provided the data for our investigation from 2005 to 2018. and primarily included participants who contained complete data on NHHR and depression in U.S. adults (age ≥20 years). Associations between NHHR and depression were assessed using multifactorial logistic regression analysis, subgroup analysis, and smoothed curve fitting. Results: In our study, 29,561 subjects in total showed a mean NHHR index of 3.12± 1.58,A noteworthy positive correlation was observed between NHHR and depression in multifactorial logistic regression analysis. Subgroup analyses and tests of interaction showed that gender, age, ethnicity, PIR, smoking, alcohol consumption, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and stroke did not influence the NHHR and the association between depression (P for interaction > 0.05), whereas two stratification factors, BMI and sleep disturbance, may be potential factors in the association between NHHR and depression (P for interaction < 0.05). Conclusion: According to our present study, if the level of NHHR rises in American adults, their likelihood of developing depression also increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Shenmai injection for the treatment of viral myocarditis (VMS) through systematic evaluation and meta-analysis. Methods: Seven databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials that examined the use of Shenmai injection for the treatment of VMS. The databases were searched from inception to 20 January 2024. The quality of the included studies was evaluated via the Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB 2) version 2. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 16. Results: In total, 18 randomized controlled trials were included. The trials were conducted in 2006–2024 and included 1,661 patients with VMS. The results reveal that Shenmai injection combined with conventional treatment was superior to conventional treatment alone in terms of the following outcomes: total effective rate [RR = 1.22, 95% CI (1.16, 1.28)], CKMB [SMD = −3.33, 95% CI (−4.85, −1.81)], electrocardiogram (ECG) efficacy [RR = 1.30, 95% CI (1.20, 1.40)], AST [SMD = -0.70, 95% CI (−1.28, −0.11)], LDH [SMD = −1.17, 95% CI (−1.37, −0.97], p < 0.00001], CK [SMD = −1.74, 95% CI (−2.34, −1.13)], TNF-α [SMD = −1.35, 95% CI (−1.85, −0.84)], and IL-6 [SMD = −1.40, 95% CI (−1.76, −1.05)]. There were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse reactions [RR = 1.56, 95% CI (0.73, 3.33), p = 0.25] or cTnI levels [SMD = −3.35, 95% CI (−6.81, 0.11)] between the groups. Conclusion: Shenmai injection with conventional treatment can reduce the degree of myocardial injury in patients with VMS, weaken the inflammatory response and improve the clinical efficacy of the conventional treatment. This approach was found to be safe. However, additional high-quality studies are necessary to confirm the reliability of this treatment method. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/logout.php, identifier PROSPERO (CRD42024518665). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactic acid is closely linked to the safety and quality of baijiu, the traditional Chinese fermented alcoholic beverage. Produced by lactic acid bacteria during fermentation, it creates an acidic environment that inhibits the growth of spoilage organisms and harmful microbes, thereby enhancing the safety and stability of the final product. Additionally, lactic acid is a key contributor to baijiu's flavor profile, providing a smooth and rounded taste. Its levels can significantly impact consumer experience. An excess of lactic acid can result in a sour, undesirable flavor, while insufficient levels may lead to a flat and less appealing taste. Maintaining balanced lactic acid levels is crucial for ensuring that baijiu is both safe and enjoyable to drink, ultimately contributing to the product's success and marketability. This paper reviews the mechanisms of lactic acid production in baijiu, examines its effects on flavor and the potential causes of imbalances, explores regulatory measures for controlling lactic acid during brewing, and discusses the impact of these measures on baijiu's quality, taste, and yield, along with practical applications by various distilleries. The goal of this paper is to provide a reference for regulating lactic acid in the baijiu production processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Diabetes is a significant risk factor for cognitive impairment. Therefore, early identification of cognitive impairment in diabetic patients is particularly important. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between Cardiometabolic index (CMI) and cognitive function in a diabetic population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by collecting information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014. Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the correlation between CMI and low cognitive function in a diabetic population. Threshold effects analysis and fitted smoothing curves were used to describe the nonlinear links. Interaction tests and subgroup analyses were also performed. Results: A total of 1,050 people participated in this study, including 561 men and 489 women. In the fully corrected model, CMI was positively associated with low cognitive performance as assessed by CERAD Word List Learning Test (CERAD W-L), Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) (OR = 1.37 [1.14, 1.72], p = 7.4 × 10−3), (OR = 1.21 [1.04, 1.51], p = 1.26 × 10−2), and (OR = 1.27 [1.08, 1.63], p = 2.53 × 10−2). Our study found that diabetic patients with higher CMI were at greater risk of developing low cognitive function. The effect of the subgroups on the positive association of CMI with cognitive impairment was not significant. A non-linear association between low cognitive performance and CMI was determined by CERAD W-L, AFT, and DSST (log-likelihood ratio <5 × 10−2). In addition, our also study found that CMI was a better predictor of cognitive impairment in diabetes than weight-adjusted waist index (WWI). Conclusion: Increased CMI is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment in people with diabetes. CMI can be used as a new anthropometric measure for predicting cognitive impairment in diabetes, with stronger predictive power than WWI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hair loss is common in hypothyroidism patients. However, the link with alopecia areata (AA) and androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is unclear. Previous observational studies have presented completely opposite results. This study aims to causally link hypothyroidism with AA and AGA. Methods: A two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) study, utilizing data from FinnGen Consortium, investigated the causal link between hypothyroidism and AA and AGA. We employed Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, Weighted Median, Simple Mode, and Weighted Mode to assess the risk association. Results: The discovery samples included 13,429 hypothyroidism cases (94,436 controls), 767 alopecia areata cases (394,105 controls), and 220 androgenetic alopecia cases (219,249 controls). MR analysis showed a causal link between hypothyroidism and AA, with significant results from IVW (OR, 1.34; CI, 1.16– 1.56; P = 0.0001), MR-Egger (OR, 1.56; CI, 1.09– 2.23; P = 0.0240), and weighted median (OR, 1.34; CI, 1.06– 1.69; P = 0.0140). However, no clear causal relationship was found between genetically predicted hypothyroidism and AGA risk (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The results show hypothyroidism causally associated with AA onset, but not AGA. These findings address contentious issues in observational studies. Comprehensive thyroid function assessments are crucial for AA patients, emphasizing thorough clinical examinations' importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]