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A new analytical solution to evaluate the vertical displacement of the geosynthetic reinforcement in the void and anchorage zones is derived, based on the Bernoulli-Euler beam model on a Winkler foundation as well as the continuities and boundary conditions of the moment and shear force, and considering the soil arching effect in embankments above geosynthetic sheets. Moreover, a formula for the inertia moment of the reinforced soil beam is proposed according to cross-section static equilibrium. To validate this new analytical method, the deflection values of the geosynthetic reinforcement over voids calculated by the proposed and existing methods are compared with those by existing experiment and numerical simulation. The influences of the void width, the coefficient of subgrade reaction, the Young's modulus, height of the geosynthetic-reinforced soil beam, and the tensile modulus of geosynthetic material on the deformation of geosynthetic reinforcement are discussed. The results show that the void width and height of the reinforced soil beam have significant influences on the deflection of geosynthetic reinforcement over voids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the core tasks in the field of natural language processing, syntactic analysis has always been a hot topic for researchers, including tasks such as Questions and Answer (Q&A), Search String Comprehension, Semantic Analysis, and Knowledge Base Construction. This paper aims to study the application of deep learning and neural network in natural language syntax analysis, which has significant research and application value. This paper first studies a transfer-based dependent syntax analyzer using a feed-forward neural network as a classifier. By analyzing the model, we have made meticulous parameters of the model to improve its performance. This paper proposes a dependent syntactic analysis model based on a long-term memory neural network. This model is based on the feed-forward neural network model described above and will be used as a feature extractor. After the feature extractor is pretrained, we use a long short-term memory neural network as a classifier of the transfer action, and the characteristics extracted by the syntactic analyzer as its input to train a recursive neural network classifier optimized by sentences. The classifier can not only classify the current pattern feature but also multirich information such as analysis of state history. Therefore, the model is modeled in the analysis process of the entire sentence in syntactic analysis, replacing the method of modeling independent analysis. The experimental results show that the model has achieved greater performance improvement than baseline methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vertical earth pressure on the geosynthetic-soil interface is the key to estimate behaviors of geosynthetic sheets and surface settlement of low geosynthetic-reinforced embankments. New calculation methods of embankment backfills and vertical earth pressures on geosynthetic sheets considering static equilibrium are proposed. According to reasonable boundary conditions, a new approach for three behaviors of geosynthetics subjected to linear localized sinkholes is derived. It considers load transfer of embankments over voids, deflection of geosynthetic sheets over voids, and horizontal displacement of geosynthetic sheets in anchorage zones. Moreover, the values predicted by this study and other studies are compared with the results of the existing tests and finite element analyses. The comparisons validate the reliability and feasibility of the new improved approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • The Dongbulage and the Taibudai deposits in the Great Xing'an Range, NE China formed at 164 Ma and 138 Ma, respectively. • Fractional crystallization triggered mineralization of Cu and Mo mineralization. • Water contents of magma played important role in Cu and Mo precipitation. Abstract The Dongbulage porphyry Mo-dominant and Taibudai Cu-(Mo) deposits are located in the central–southern Great Xing'an Range, Inner Mongolia, northeastern China, and are associated with granite porphyry and monzogranite intrusions, respectively. Re–Os isotope data for five molybdenite samples from the Dongbulage Mo deposit give a weighted mean model age of 164.3 ± 1.2 Ma, which is in accordance with a zircon U–Pb age of 164.5 ± 1.7 Ma for the host granite porphyry, indicating that the deposit formed at the end of the Middle Jurassic. The zircon U–Pb age of the Taibudai ore-bearing monzogranite is 137.9 ± 1.7 Ma, indicating that the deposit formed in the Early Cretaceous. Whole-rock geochemical data indicate that the Dongbulage granite porphyry and the Taibudai monzogranite are high-K calc-alkaline, and have REE patterned light rare earth elements (LREEs) enriched and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) depleted. Both plutons show Ba, Nb, and Ti depletions on normalized trace element diagrams, and the Dongbulage granite porphyry shows strongly negative Eu anomalies which are absent in the Taibudai intrusion. The geochemical differences between the two intrusions suggest that the Dongbulage granite porphyry is the result of more advanced fractional crystallization, which led to the formation of a Mo-dominant deposit, whereas the lesser degree of crystal fractionation in the Taibudai monzogranitic magma resulted in the formation of a Cu deposit. The relatively listric-shaped REE patterns of Taibudai rocks suggest more hydrous parental magmas than that of Dongbulage rocks. Therefore, fractional crystallization and magma water content exert a significant control on the styles of mineralization (Mo- versus Cu-dominant) in the central–southern Great Xing'an Range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Shabutai molybdenum deposit is a newly discovered deposit located in the northern part of the Xilamulun metallogenic belt. Molybdenum mineralization is distributed in granite porphyry and its exocontact zone is in the shape of quartz veins. The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of ore-bearing granite porphyry is 140.1 ± 0.7 Ma with a MSDW of 0.078. The granite belongs to the high-K calc-alkaline series characterized by relatively high LREE, low HREE, depletion of Ti, Ba, and Nb, and a negative Eu anomaly. Mineralization evolution is divided into three stages: early, middle and late. The stages are characterized by potassium feldspar veins, quartz-potassium feldspar veins, and quartz veins in the early stage, quartz-molybdenite veins in the middle stage, and quartz-carbonate veins in the late stage. Ore minerals were mainly precipitated in the middle stage. Pure-vapor (PV), vapor-rich (V), liquid-rich (L), and daughter mineral-bearing (S) fluid inclusions were observed in the hydrothermal quartz. Homogeneous temperatures of fluid inclusions in the early stage ranged from 240 °C to 420 °C, with salinities ranging from 4.0 to 57.2 wt.% NaCl eqv. The fluid inclusions contained hematite daughter minerals, indicating high oxygen fugacity conditions in the early stage. The temperatures of the fluid inclusions at the middle stage ranged predominantly from 200 to 300 °C with a salinity range of 0.5–48.5 wt.% NaCl eqv. The inclusions also showed high K ion content characteristics, both in the early and middle stage fluid. A drop in potassium concentration caused by potassic alteration created a favorable condition for Mo precipitation. The temperature range of the late-stage fluid inclusions was 160–307 °C with salinities below 10.7 wt.% NaCl eqv. According to Laser Raman microprobe data, CO 2 occurred only in a few gas fluid inclusions, while most gases were H 2 O. Microthermometric analysis results suggested that fluid boiling was the main factor triggering molybdenite precipitate and forming the Shabutai molybdenum deposit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Jiudingshan Cu–Mo deposit is spatially and temporally associated with potassic granitic intrusions (monzogranitic porphyry and porphyritic‐like granite) in a post‐collisional intracontinental setting in Western Yangtze Craton, Western Yunnan, China. Zircon U–Pb dating for granitoids yields the crystallization age of 34.2–35.1 Ma, and that of lamprophyre and diabase is ca. 35 Ma as well. Whole‐rock geochemical data suggest that the granitoids belong to high‐K calc‐alkaline or shoshonite series, and are characterized by enrichment of K, Rb, U, and Th, and depletion ofSr, Ba, Nb, Ta, Ti, and P. The lamprophyre is characterized by high‐K (K2O/Na2O = 3–5), belonging to shoshonite series, and the diabase contains lower K (K2O/Na2O < 0.5), belonging to calc‐alkaline series. A few mafic rock samples have significantly higher REE contents than the granite counterparts. Geochemistry results indicate that the mafic intrusions are not the source of granitic intrusions. Combined with published isotope data, we conclude that the granitic intrusions were most likely originated from partial melting of a Neoproterozoic intra‐crustal amphibolitic source, but mixed with a mantle‐derived component; while the mafic intrusions were originated from partial melting of an EM II mantle source. Felsic magmas from dual sources of crust and mantle could provide Mo and Cu for mineralization, respectively. Trace element analysis of zircons shows that the initial magmas had high oxygen fugacity, which is favourable for the migration of Cu and Mo. Moreover, it can be recognized from the whole‐rock major and trace element data that a relatively weak fractionation occurred during magmatic evolution, which made Mo enriched to a certain extent and at the same time, part of Cu remained in the melt, eventually forming the Jiudingshan Cu–Mo system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease with a complex pathogenesis. Re-lapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is the most common subset of MS, accounting for approximately 85% of cases. Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis may contribute to the progression of RRMS, but the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Herein, this study intended to explore the molecular network of ferroptosis associated with RRMS and establish a predictive model for efficacy diagnosis. Firstly, RRMS-related module genes were identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Secondly, the optimal machine learning model was selected from four options: the generalized linear model (GLM), random forest model (RF), support vector machine model (SVM), and extreme gradient boosting model (XGB). Subsequently, the predictive efficacy of the diagnostic model was evaluated using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. Finally, a SVM diagnostic model based on five genes (JUN, TXNIP, NCOA4, EIF2AK4, PIK3CA) was established, and it demonstrated good predictive performance in the validation dataset. In summary, our study provides a systematic exploration of the complex relationship between ferroptosis and RRMS, which may contribute to a better understanding of the role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of RRMS and provide promising diagnostic strategies for RRMS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Located in the east section of the Central Asian orogen in northeastern China, the Xilamulun district comprises several newly discovered molybdenum deposits, primarily of porphyry type and Mesozoic ages. This district is divided by the Xilamulun fault into the southern and the northern parts. In this paper, we present new zircon U–Pb dating, trace elements and Hf isotope, and/or whole rock Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic results for the host granitoids from three Mo deposits (Yangchang, Haisugou and Shabutai) in northern Xilamulun. Our aim is to constrain the age and petrogenesis of these intrusions and their implications for Mo mineralization. Zircon U–Pb LA-ICP-MS dating shows that the monzogranites from the Shabutai and Yangchang deposits formed at 138.4 ± 1.5 and 137.4 ± 2.1 Ma, respectively, which is identical to the molybdenite Re–Os ages and coeval well with the other Mo deposits in this region, thereby indicating an Early Cretaceous magmatism and Mo mineralization event. Zircon Ce/Nd ratios from the mineralized intrusions are significantly higher than the barren granites, implying that the mineralization-related magmas are characterized by higher oxygen fugacity. These mineralized intrusions share similar zircon in-situ Hf and whole rock Sr–Nd isotopic compositions, with slightly negative to positive ε Hf (t) ranging from − 0.8 to + 10.0, restricted ε Nd (t) values from − 3.7 to + 1.6 but a little variable ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) i ratios between 0.7021 and 0.7074, indicative of formation from primary magmas generated from a dominantly juvenile lower crust source derived from depleted mantle, despite diverse consequent processes (e.g., magma mixing, fractional crystallization and crustal contamination) during their evolution. The Pb isotopes (whole rock) also show a narrow range of initial compositions, with ( 206 Pb/ 204 Pb) i = 18.03–18.88, ( 207 Pb/ 204 Pb) i = 15.48–15.58 and ( 208 Pb/ 204 Pb) i = 37.72–38.28, in agreement with Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes reflecting the dominance of a mantle component. An integration of geochronological and isotopic data points to three stages of Mo mineralization events (i.e., Triassic, Late Jurassic, and Early Cretaceous) associated with magmas generated from three different source regions in the Xilamulun district, NE China. The variation in the origin of the magmas from which the porphyry Mo systems were generated suggests that the formation of Mo deposit lies not in the composition of magma sources. Other factors, including high magma oxygen fugacity, may have taken a fundamental role in Mo enrichment and subsequent mineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical properties of geogrid-soil interface is very important in design and stability analysis of reinforced soil structure. In order to study the complicated mechanism of geogrid-soil interface, a series of pullout tests of HDPE uniaxial tensile geogrids with the different transverse ribs spacing is used to investigate the interaction characteristics in the laboratory. The test results show that pullout force and displacement curves are characterized as strain softening; compared with the no-reinforced case, the case reinforced with geogrid has larger cohesion and lower friction angles. The ductility of soil is enhanced due to geogrid reinforcement. Based on the basic control equations of the interface and damage theory, trilinear shear stress-displacement damage softening model is proposed to describe the strain-softening characteristics of geogrid-soil interface. Analytical solutions of interface tension, shear stress, and displacement at different stages are derived considering strain softening based on damage, and the development of shear stress and progressive failure mode of the geogrid-soil interface at different pullout stages is revealed. Furthermore, the proposed model is verified by experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation of seismic passive earth pressure is an important topic of research in geotechnical engineering. In this study seismic passive pressure on an inclined rigid retaining wall supporting horizontal cohesionless backfill is estimated considering arching effect. A planar failure surface is considered in the present analysis. Seismic forces are considered to be pseudo-static in nature. The effect of different parameters on the seismic passive earth pressure is studied in details. The normal stress distribution along the depth of the backfill is found to be nonlinear in nature. Friction angle between wall and the backfill soil has the most significant effect on the distribution of normal stress along the depth of the backfill. The point of application of seismic passive pressure shifts gradually downward for higher seismic forces. Present method is validated with the experimental results available in the literature for static conditions. Comparison of present method with other theories is also presented showing the merit of the present study. Arching effect in the backfill should be considered for high values of wall inclination angle as the present seismic passive resistance is found to be the lowest as compared to other theoretical solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]