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China has launched a general practice (GP)-orientated primary care reform in 2009 to develop a more productive, coordinated, and cost-effective system to maintain and improve the health and wellbeing of one-fifth of the world population. The restructure of the health care system with a focus on primary care requires practitioners working on GP as gatekeepers for service delivery that is responsive to the needs of people. It is particularly prioritised to establish a sound education and training system to ensure that the competencies of practitioners are aligned with local health care needs. This article aims to provide a brief review of the development of GP, including exemplary model of education and training currently implemented in southern China, as well as the challenges to be addressed in the next step. There is a shortage of well-trained and qualified general practitioners in China where more than half of the licensed clinicians in primary care are educated below the undergraduate level. Although there is a stepwise increase in recognition that the capacity of GP is pivotal to the success of primary care development in China, challenges coming from resource restriction, rural and urban disparity, social attitude, and community involvement are highlighted as major bottlenecks that currently hinder the rapid development of GP in China. Supportive policy and guidelines are necessary to build up strong GP recognition and ensure adequate resources to underpin a robust primary care system to deliver affordable and effective health care services for the world’s largest population. It might share some similar experiences with other countries that are struggling to develop a GP-based primary care system.

A conference paper about long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) expression of cadmium induced malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells which is revealed by microarray is presented. It states that in this study profile of LncRNAs are determined which are an important class of pervasive genes involved in a variety of biological functions. It further states that a mechanism for cadmium-induced cancers is provided by this study.

Cage-based MOFs, with their customizable chemical environments and precisely controllable nanospaces, show great potential for the selective adsorption of guest molecules with specific structures. In this work, we have constructed a novel cage-based MOF [(CH 3 ) 2 NH 2 ] 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (TMTTA)]·11.5DMF·2H 2 O (IHEP-51), utilizing a triazine derivative poly(carboxylic acid), 4,4',4″-(((1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tris(((4-carboxycyclohexyl)methyl)azanediyl))tris(methylene))tribenzoic acid (H 6 TMTTA), as an organic ligand and uranyl as a metal node. The 2-fold interpenetrated (3,6,6)-connected framework of IHEP-51 features two types of supramolecular cage structures: the Pyrgos[2]cage U 6 L 3 and the huge cage U 18 L 14 . They are further assembled into a double-yolk core-shell U 6 L 3 @U 18 L 14 structure, making it suitable for I 2 capture. The maximum adsorption capacities of IHEP-51 for iodine in solution and gaseous iodine are 420.4 and 1561.2 mg·g -1 , respectively. XPS, Raman spectra, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and DFT calculations reveal that the adsorbed iodine is located inside the U 6 L 3 Pyrgos[2]cage in the form of I 3 - , thus resulting in the formation of a (I 3 ) 2 @U 6 L 3 @U 18 L 14 ternary core-shell structure.

Exploring the nonlinear effect of urbanization on PM 2.5 concentration and its driving mechanism is crucial for controlling urban air pollution. Based on remote sensing data and statistical data from 2002 to 2020, spatial autocorrelation, systematic dynamic panel regression, and spatio-temporal geographical weighted regression models were used to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of PM 2.5 concentration in the urban agglomeration of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and explore the driving mechanism of urbanization on PM 2.5 concentration at different spatial scales. The results showed that:① PM 2.5 concentration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River showed an overall decreasing trend from 2002 to 2020, with a spatial distribution pattern of "high in the north and low in the south." ② Hot spot cities expanded towards the western part of the urban agglomeration, whereas cold spot cities showed enhanced spatial correlation. ③ The relationship between PM 2.5 concentration and economic, land, and population urbanization followed N-shaped, U-shaped, and U-shaped curves, respectively. Secondary industry and energy consumption significantly promoted the change in PM 2.5 concentration, and precipitation and vegetation helped mitigate PM 2.5 pollution. ④ The overall driving effects of all urbanization factors in local areas were transformed, and the main areas of influence were concentrated in the southeast, northwest, and southwest of the study area. Considering the current urban development status and regional characteristics of the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, promoting green industrial transformation, rational planning of urban spatial distribution and population distribution, and enhancing infrastructure construction will facilitate the coordinated development between urbanization and environmental protection.

Its high coordination number and tendency to cluster make Th 4+ suitable for constructing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with novel topologies. In this work, two novel thorium-based heterometallic MOF isomers (IHEP-17 and IHEP-18) were assembled from a Th 6 cluster, a multifunctional organic ligand [4-(1 H -pyrazol-4-yl)benzoic acid (HPyba)], and Cu 2+ /Ni 2+ cations via the one-pot solvothermal synthesis strategy. The framework features a 6,12-connected new topology net and contains two kinds of supramolecular cage structures, Th 36 M 4 and Th 24 M 2 , suitable for guest exchange. Both MOF materials can efficiently adsorb I 2 . X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction indicate that the adsorbed iodine is uniformly distributed within the Th 36 M 4 cage but not the Th 24 M 2 cage in the form of I 3 - .

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of Shuganyiyang Capsule combined with conventional Western medicine (tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained release tablets + prostat tablets) for the treatment of type III prostatitis complicated by erectile dysfunction (ED)., Methods: Eighty patients with type III prostatitis complicated by ED were equally randomized to an experimental and a control group, the former treated with Shuganyiyang Capsule combined with tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained release tablets and prostat tablets, while the latter with tamsulosin hydrochloride and prostat only, both for 8 weeks. Then the prostatitis symptoms, erectile function and psychological conditions of the patients were evaluated using NIH-CPSI, IIEF-5, and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADA and HADD) respectively. The rates of recovery, excellence, effectiveness and ineffectiveness were calculated., Results: The scores on NIH-CPSI, IIEF-5, HADA and HADD obtained at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment showed statistically significant differences between the two time points as well as from the baseline (P < 0.01). At 8 weeks, the scores on NIH-CPSI, IIEF-5, HADA and HADD were 6.83 +/- 4.96, 21.03 +/- 2.54, 6.05 +/- 1.62, and 5.35 +/- 3.30 in the experimental group, as compared with 7.55 +/- 4.89, 17.68 +/- 4.15, 6.88 +/- 2.45, and 7.85 +/- 3.77 in the control (P < 0.05). The rate of effectiveness was significantly higher in the experimental than in the control group (90% [36/40] vs 70% [28/40], P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Shuganyiyang Capsule combined with conventional Western medicine, such as alpha blockers and galenica, produces definite effect on chronic prostatitis complicated by ED, improves the psychological conditions of the patient, and enhances the therapeutic efficiency of chronic prostatits.

Objective: To explore the expression and sequence of ERCC1 gene in CdCl2-induced transformed human bronchial epithelial 16HBE cells at different stages., Methods: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemcial staining (SP method) were used to measure the ERCC1 mRNA and protein expression in 16HBE cells at different passages treated with CdCl2 (the 5th, 15th, 35th passage, and neoplastic cells from tumors formed in nude mice). ERCC1 exon 3,exon 4 of the 16HBE cells and tumor cells from nude mice were amplified by polymerase chain reactions (PCR), the amplified DNA strips were purified,and the exons were detected by DNA analysis., Results: During the passages of 16HBE cells treated with CdCl2, the expression of ERCC1 gene was decreased gradually. The ERCC1 gene mRNA and protein expression levels of the CdCl2-transformed 35th passage 16HBE cells and tumor cells from nude mice were significantly decreased comparing with those in non-transformed 16HBE cells (P < 0.01). In the CdCl2-induced tumorigenic cells in nude mice, there was adenine (A) deletion in 1st site of ERCC1 exon 4. The mutation was frame shift mutation., Conclusion: The decreased expression and mutation of ERCC1 gene may be the possible carcinogenic mechanism of CdCl2.

Objective: To explore the expression and sequence of human MutS homologue 2 (hMSH2) during different stages of human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells induced by cadmium chloride (CdCl2)., Methods: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical staining (SP method) were used to measure the hMSH2 mRNA and protein expression in 16HBE cells and its different passage cells treated by CdCl2 (the 5th, 15th, 35th passage, and neoplasm cells from nude mice's tumor tissue). hMSH2 exon 6, hMSH2 exon 7, hMSH2 exon 8, hMSH2 exon 9, hMSH2 exon 12 of the 16HBE cells and neoplasm cells from nude mice's tumor tissue were amplified by polymerase chain reactions (PCR). The amplified DNA strips were purified. Then the exons were detected by DNA analysis., Results: During the passages of 16HBE cells treated with CdCl2, the expression of hMSH2 gene were decreased gradually. The hMSH2 gene mRNA and protein expression levels of the CdCl2 transformed 35th 16HBE cells and tumorigenic cells of nude mice significant decreased compared with non-transformed 16HBE cells (P < 0.01). In the tumorigenic cells of nude mice induced by CdCl2, there were thymine (T) deletion in 1st, 2nd and 7th site of hMSH2 exon 8, there were adenine (A) deletion in 20th and 182th site of hMSH2 exon 9, there were adenine (A) insertion in 241st site of hMSH2 exon 12. All the mutations were frame shift mutation., Conclusion: The expression decreased and the mutation of hMSH2 gene may be the possible carcinogenic mechanism for CdCl2.