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Background Diabetes is highly prevalent in China, the prevention and treatment of it and its related complications need a lot of medical resources. Local reports have revealed that although the mortality of diabetes is declining, the burden of diabetes is still increasing. Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and burden of diabetes in China from 1990—2019, forecast the incidence of diabetes in China from 2020 to 2030, to provide data for evaluating and formulating diabetes-related prevention and treatment policies and measures. Methods In August 2022, this study used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Temporal trends of the incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALY), years of life lost (YLL), and years lost due to a disability (YLD) of diabetes in China from 1990 to 2019 were described. The Bayesian-age-period-cohort analysis was used to predict the incidence of diabetes in China from 2020 to 2030. Results Compared with 1990, in 2019, the crude prevalence of diabetes increased to 265.45/100 000, with an increase of 63.12%, the standardized prevalence of diabetes increased to 204.31/100 000, with an increase of 15.93%, the crude mortality rate of diabetes increased to 12.16/100 000, with an increase of 105.41%, and the standardized mortality rate of diabetes increased to 9.44/100 000, with an increase of 2.61%. The YLL rate decreased from 204.71/100 000 in 1990 to 178.45/100 000 in 2019. The YLD rate increased from 260.74/100 000 in 1990 to 316.30/100 000 in 2019. The DALY rate increased from 465.46/100 000 in 1990 to 494.76/100 000 in 2019. Compared with 1990, the DALY rate of diabetes increased by 21.08% in males and decreased by 6.68% in females. The YLL rate, YLD rate and DALY rate increased with age in 2019. According to the prediction of the standardized incidence of diabetes in China from 2020 to 2030, the overall standardized incidence of diabetes would present a decreasing trend during the period, and the standardized incidence of diabetes in 2030 would decrease by 11.45% in men and 18.60% in women compared with 2020. Conclusion The burden of diabetes in China is still heavy, with a large number of illness cases and decreased cases, mainly manifested by a high burden caused by diabetes-related disability. Attention should be paid to early prevention of diabetes to reduce the occurrence of complications. The disease burden of males and middle-aged and elderly people is heavy, so sufficient attention should be paid to them. Although the predicted diabetes incidence will reduce between 2020 and 2030, the number of patients is still increasing, so the prevention and control of diabetes should not be slack.

为了高值化综合开发裂殖壶藻，以未破壁的裂殖壶藻粉为原料，优化三相分离（TPP）法联产提取裂殖壶藻中油脂、蛋白质和多糖的工艺。结果表明，采用TPP法联产提取裂殖壶藻中油脂、蛋白质和多糖的最佳条件为悬浮液中硫酸铵质量浓度5 g/15 mL，叔丁醇与悬浮液体积比3∶ 1，液料比120∶ 1。在上述优化的条件下，TPP法提取裂殖壶藻油脂的最佳提取温度和提取时间分别为90 ℃和3 h，提取蛋白质和多糖的最佳提取温度和提取时间分别为60 ℃和0.5 h。此外，评估不同策略下TPP法联产提取裂殖壶藻油脂、蛋白质和多糖的性能发现，先在60 ℃下提取0.5 h再在90 ℃下提取3 h，总油脂、蛋白质和多糖提取率最高，分别达97.86%、57.11%和28.15%，油脂中DHA含量可达35.30%，DPA含量可达5.53%。综上，TPP法是一种高效联产提取裂殖壶藻中油脂、蛋白质和多糖的方法。 In order to the comprehensive development of Schizochytrium sp. with high value, the process of the simultaneous extraction of oil, protein and polysaccharide from the unbroken Schizochytrium sp. by three phase partitioning (TPP) method were optimized. The results showed that the optimal conditions for the simultaneous extraction of oil, protein and polysaccharide from Schizochytrium sp. by TPP method were as follows: mass concentration of ammonium sulfate in suspension 5 g/15 mL, volume ratio of t-butanol to suspension 3∶ 1, ratio of total volume to algal powder mass 120∶ 1. Under the optimized conditions, the optimal extraction temperature and time of lipids from Schizochytrium sp. by TPP method were 90 ℃ and 3 h, respectively, and the optimal extraction temperature and time of protein and polysaccharide were 60 ℃ and 0.5 h, respectively. Moreover, the extraction performance of TPP method to simultaneously extract the lipids, protein and polysaccharide from Schizochytrium sp. was further evaluated by different strategies. It was found that the extraction at 60 ℃ for 0.5 h followed by 90 ℃ for 3 h resulted in the highest extraction rates of 97.86%, 57.11% and 28.15% for total lipids, protein and polysaccharide, respectively, with DHA content up to 35.30% and DPA content up to 5.53% in the lipids. In conclusion, the TPP method is a highly efficient method for simultaneously extracting lipids, protein and polysaccharide from Schizochytrium sp.

The energy crisis and environmental pollution pose great challenges to human development. Traditional vapor-compression cooling consumes abundant energy and leads to a series of environmental problems. Radiative cooling without energy consumption and environmental pollution holds great promise as the next generation cooling technology, applied in buildings mostly in indirect way. In this work, a temperature-regulating module was introduced for direct summer cooling and winter heating. Firstly, the summer experiments were conduct to investigate the radiative cooling performance of the module. And the results indicated that the maximum indoor temperature reached only 27.5 °C with the ambient temperature of 34 °C in low latitude areas and the air conditioning system was on for only about a quarter of the day. Subsequently, the winter experiments were performed to explore the performance of the module in cooling and heating modes. The results indicated that indoor temperature can reach 25 °C in the daytime without additional heat supply and about a quarter of the day didn't require heating in winter. Additionally, the transient model of the module and the building revealed that the electricity saving of 42.4% (963.5 kWh) can be achieved in cooling season with the module, and that was 63.7% (1449.1 kWh) when coupling with energy storage system. Lastly, further discussion about the challenges and feasible solutions for radiative cooling to directly combine with the buildings were provided to advance the application of radiative cooling. Furthermore, with an acceptable payback period of 8 years, the maximum acceptable incremental cost reached 26.2 $/m2. The work opens up a new avenue for the application mode of the daytime radiative cooling technology.