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As superheated steam is a single-phase gas, it does not fit theories of ordinary steam heat loss calculation models based on two-phase flow. By using the PVT data of superheated steam, this paper builds a calculation model of on-way parameters in the superheated steam injection wellbore. The superheated steam heating area and heating radius formulae are presented. The calculated results for on-the-way change of steams in Well X16 of the Kenneyak oilfield fit well with the field test results. The analysis shows that the temperature of superheated steam varies greatly with heat transfer, the pressure varies greater than for ordinary steam, the steam quality is high when reaching the bottom hole, the steam enthalpy is much higher than for ordinary steam, and the heating radius is wider. 摘要: 过热蒸汽是单相的气体, 以气液两相流理论为基础的普通蒸汽热损失计算模型对其不再适用。通过引入过热蒸汽PVT数据体, 建立了注过热蒸汽井筒沿程参数计算模型。在一定假设的基础上, 理论推导出了过热蒸汽带面积、加热带半径等的数学表达式。利用蒸汽沿程参数计算模型对肯基亚克油田盐上油藏X16井不同状态水蒸汽的沿程变化进行了计算, 结果表明: 计算结果与现场测试结果对应较好。分析认为, 随着热量的传递, 过热蒸汽的温度变化较大, 压力变化也大于普通蒸汽, 到达井底的蒸汽干度特别高, 其热焓值比注普通蒸汽有大幅度提高, 加热半径也有所增加。 Key words: heavy oil, superheated steam, on-way parameter, heating radius, calculation model

The friction coefficient of road is the primary factor of the traction control system. In this paper, a real-time estimation of road coefficient based on the distributed driven electric vehicle is developed. The simplified quarter car model and the Burckhardt tire model are selected and optimized. The algorithm based on recursive least square with forgetting factor is used for road estimation. The test data under a wide range of road conditions are analyzed. The results show that the algorithm is able to estimate two surfaces: asphalt and ice road. The proposed approach has several advantages such as accurate, effective, short cycle and low cost. Also, it has the ability to provide with reliable information for vehicle active safety control.

As the key technology of electric vehicles(EV) ", "control systems is always the research hotspot of EV field. When the battery component of HEV operates at charge sustaining (CS) mode, the most important problem is how to split the whole vehicle's required power between engine and battery component reasonably and effectively so as to make the good economy and driving performance. Taking battery component of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Bus as the research object", "this paper established the model of feedback control system for battery component. Then the feedback control systems gains are optimized with the objective function of equivalent fuel consumption and accumulated power requirement error", "which is based on BUSRTE driving cycle. The obtained gains are testified and verified by NEWYORK and CBDBUS driving cycle respectively. The results indicate that the optimized control system for batteries has good fuel economy and driving performance.