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Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignancy characterized by the proliferation of osteoblasts that predominantly affects pediatric and adolescent populations. At present, early detection of OS is significantly lacking, coupled with treatment challenges such as high recurrence rates, increased side effects, and the development of drug resistance. Therefore, developing new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities is clinically significant. Exosomes are naturally occurring nanoparticles found in the body that contain various materials, including DNA, RNA, and proteins. Owing to their numerous beneficial properties, including histocompatibility and in vivo stability, they can be useful as drug carriers. With the development of competitive endogenous non-coding RNA (ncRNA) networks, the role of ncRNA in OS cell control has been increasingly studied. This review provides a thorough summary of multiple potential biogenetic pathways of different ncRNAs in exosomes, including microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs. Moreover, the review highlights their effects on OS cells and their potential applications in the diagnosis, treatment, and control of OS drug resistance. The interplay between different types of ncRNAs, which collectively affect OS through the networks of competing endogenous ncRNAs, is the primary focus of this research.

When facing two or more choices， sound decision-making is critical. In the field of clinical medical practice and public health， more and more researchers use decision-making analysis as an important tool to assist in making the optimal choices. Public health emergencies have the characteristics of group cases， sudden and uncertain. In addition to causing serious damage to public health， they may also have varying degrees of impact on socio-economic， psychological and even social stability. At present， we have not seen the application of mature and sound decision analysis in public health emergency response. This paper reviewed the development of decision analysis in the medical field and the application of common decision-making models in clinical practice. Combined with the current situation of global infectious disease outbreaks and prevention and control， this paper puts forward the concepts and prospects of establishing an auxiliary decision-making system for public health emergencies， aiming to provide a scientific method for medical and health workers to respond to public health emergencies.

To establish a disease risk prediction model based on genetic susceptibility genes and environmental risk factors， which can target high-risk population as early as possible， and intervene in the environmental risk factors in this population. Moreover， accurate screening of genetically susceptible populations can enhance the efficiency of health system. In recent years， with the maturation and cost reduction of high-throughput gene testing， gene testing has been widely used in individual clinical decision-making and will play a more important role in medical and health decision-making. The correlation between genetic testing and disease risk prediction is increasing， making it a prominent research topic in this field. This review summarizes the approaches for establishing and evaluating risk prediction models and discusses potential future challenges and opportunities.

The continuous development of high-throughput and single-cell sequencing technologies and the emergence of spatial transcriptome sequencing have allowed the continuous discovery of temporal and spatial molecular events in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) to better understand its mechanism of malignant progression. Genetic variations (mutation of APC and P53, etc.) and mismatch repair of DNA, posttranscriptional regulation, such as epigenetic alteration, and dynamic alteration of complex molecular networks have their own special molecules that play key roles. Drug resistance and metastasis in the late stage of CRC progression are closely related to these key molecular events. This article reviews the research progress and explores key molecular events in the malignant progression of CRC to provide scientific basis and ideas for elucidating the regulatory mechanism of CRC and evaluating its prognosis prediction and treatment.

In recent years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology has been widely used in power transmission line inspection. UAV operating parameters determine the quality of the acquired insulator image, which directly affects the efficiency of transmission line inspection. Regarding the inspection of ceramic insulators, this work establishes a three-dimensional (3D) model of ceramic insulators, and simulates the changes in shooting distance, angle, and height of the UAV through three geometric transformations: rotation, translation, and scaling. The influence of those three UAV operating parameters (the shooting distance, angle, and height) on the integrity of the ce-ramic insulator steel cap is studied. In the infrared zero value detection of 110kV ceramic insulators, It is found that the best setting for obtaining the maximum steel cap area is: shooting distance of 3–7 meters, shooting height of 1 meter below the center of the insulator string, and a shooting depression angle of 0°. The UAV operating parameters setting method proposed in this paper will provide theoretical and practical basis for the in-depth intelligent inspection of transmission line insulators.

For SARS-CoV-2 mutants, the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines is still controversial. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of Omicron-infected patients who completed primary immunization and booster immunization, respectively, during the rapid propagation of the Omicron variant in China. A total of 932 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from 18 December 2022 to 1 January 2023 were included in this survey by filling out questionnaires online. The enrolled patients were divided into the primary immunization group and the booster immunization group according to their vaccination status. During the whole course of disease, the most frequent symptoms were fever (90.6%), cough (84.3%), weakness (77.4%), headache and dizziness (76.1%), and myalgia (73.9%). Nearly 90% of the patients had symptoms lasting for less than 10 days, and 39.8% of the patients ended the course of the disease in 4–6 days. A total of 58.8% of these patients had a fever with a maximum body temperature of over 38.5 °C. Moreover, 61.4% of the patients had a fever that lasted less than 2 days. There were no obvious differences in initial symptoms, cardinal symptoms, symptom duration time, maximum body temperature, and fever duration time between the two groups of patients. In addition, no significant difference was found in the positive or negative conversion time of SARS-CoV-2 antigen/nucleic acid between the two groups of patients. For mild patients with Omicron breakthrough infection, enhanced immunization has no significant impact on the clinical performance and duration of viral infection compared with primary immunization. The reasons behind the different clinical manifestations of patients with mild symptoms after the breakthrough infection of the Omicron strain are still worth further research. Heterologous vaccination may be a better strategy for enhanced immunization, which can help improve the immune protection ability of the population. Further research should be carried out on vaccines against mutant strains and spectral anti-COVID-19 vaccines.

BACKGROUND The pegmatite lithium deposit has become important for modern industries with strategic value, which is a key mineral resource in urgent need in China. However, the mineralization age restricts the research on the mineralization process and mechanism of this type of lithium deposit. The Jiajika rare metal deposit is the largest pegmatite lithium deposit of China in the western Sichuan, and the No.134 vein is the most typical pegmatite vein. The No.134 pegmatite vein is mainly composed of spodumene, tantalite, zircon, beryl, cassiterite, plagioclase, orthoclase, quartz and muscovite. OBJECTIVES To accurately constrain the mineralization age of the No.134 pegmatite vein. METHODS Laser ablation-multiple collector-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) U-Pb geochronology was used on cassiterite. RESULTS The concordant age in the ore samples was 203.7±4.6Ma, which represented the mineralization age of No.134 pegmatite vein. This age indicated mineralization in the Late Indosinian period. CONCLUSIONS The stable tectonic environment in the Late Indosinian movement is the favorable condition for accumulation and mineralization of rare metals, which is beneficial for the formation of the super-large Jiajika rare metal deposit.

BACKGROUND The Songlinkou pluton is located in the eastern margin of the Songpan-Ganzi orogenic belt, which is adjacent to the pegmatite-type lithium deposit of Jiajika. OBJECTIVES To explore the similarities and differences between Songlinkou pluton and Jiajika mineralized intrusive rocks, and to study geological conditions of mineralization and magma sources of the pluton. METHODS Major and trace elements were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. Zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotopes were analyzed by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and multiple collector-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS), respectively. RESULTS The Songlinkou pluton contained diorite enclaves, and has SiO2 contents of 56.56%-68.99%, total alkali of 3.78%-6.82%, K2O/Na2O of 1.02-1.93, and Rittmann indices of 1.01-1.93. The rock has relative high Mg# values (Mg#=46.73-61.27). The rock belongs to the high-potassium calcium-alkaline type I granite series showed light rare earth enrichment with LREE/HREE ratios of 2.67-8.31, LaN/YbN of 2.11-9.74. All samples have strongly negative Eu anomaly. It was rich in LILE, and depleted in Ta, Nb, P and Ti. The zircon U-Pb results of the granodiorite and monzogranite were 212.6±1.0Ma (MSWD=0.55) and 222.4±1.1Ma (MSWD=0.39), respectively. The εHf(t) of zircon in monzogranite ranged from -9.09 to -6.86, and TDMC ranged from 1524.874Ma to 1666.002Ma. CONCLUSIONS The Songliankou pluton is produced by the partial melting of the middle Proterozoic Yangtze craton basement mixed with the enriched upper mantle. The Jiajika S-type granite is formed by partial melting of the upper crust, and is different from Songliankou pluton in terms of magma sources, evolution and mineralization tectonic conditions; this may be the main reason why the Songlinkou pluton does not have lithium rare metal mineralization.

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has been widely used to reveal the structures of proteins at atomic resolution. One key challenge is that almost all proteins are predominantly adsorbed to the air-water interface during standard cryo-EM specimen preparation. The interaction of proteins with air-water interface will significantly impede the success of reconstruction and achievable resolution. Here, we highlight the critical role of impenetrable surfactant monolayers in passivating the air-water interface problems, and develop a robust effective method for high-resolution cryo-EM analysis, by using the superstructure GSAMs which comprises surfactant self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and graphene membrane. The GSAMs works well in enriching the orientations and improving particle utilization ratio of multiple proteins, facilitating the 3.3-Å resolution reconstruction of a 100-kDa protein complex (ACE2-RBD), which shows strong preferential orientation using traditional specimen preparation protocol. Additionally, we demonstrate that GSAMs enables the successful determinations of small proteins (

Magnesium alloys, aluminum alloys and titanium alloys are currently widely used light alloy materials with good prospects. The welding of Mg/Al/Ti dissimilar light alloys has a wide range of application requirements in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, electronic information and other fields, and is a hot topic of current research. This article summarizes the welding research results of Mg/Al/Ti dissimilar light alloys in recent years, outlines the current research status of welding technology of Mg/Al/Ti dissimilar light alloys, analyzes the common problems and solutions in welding, and proposes further Carry out the research of Mg/Al/Ti welding technology and basic theory, look forward to the effective ways to improve the welding performance of Mg/Al/Ti dissimilar light alloys and future research directions, and promote the promotion of Mg/Al/Ti dissimilar light alloy joints The practicality of it is of great significance.

Membrane materials and open-close roof buildings are new building materials and structural forms, which have developed rapidly in recent years. This new form of close combination of architecture and nature has enriched the connotation of architecture, exhibited the city, but also to the architectural design and construction has brought great challenges. Through the research and analysis of the performance of the membrane material, this study provides a reference for the design and construction of the domestic membrane material for the opening and closing roof structure.

Hydroponic experiment was conducted to study the effect of peach seedlings (Prunus davidiana) grown in nutrient solution with different Iron (Fe) concentration. The results showed that Fe deficiency could inhibit growth of peach seedlings, the roots and shoots biomass of peach in Fe-free treatment was significant lower than that of other treatments, except for the peach seedlings treated with 60 mg/L Fe. The peach grown seedlings in nutrient solution with different Fe concentration, Fe content in roots increased significantly, in stems decreased significantly, in leaves increased significantly, except for the peach treated with 20 and 60 mg/L Fe, there was a marked drop in total Fe content in leaves compared with control. These results indicated that appropriate amount of Fe (Fe concentration was 20 mg/L) could favour the growth of peach seedlings; and excessive Fe (Fe concentration was 60 mg/L) cloud have deleterious effects on peach seedlings. In conclusion, Fe concentration was greater than 0 and less than 60 mg/L, which was suitable for peach growth, especially the peach seedlings treated with 20 mg/L Fe.

Zinc is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. Zinc deficiency affects plant photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism. In this experiment, 'Shine Muscat' grape was used as experimental material. Three soil application levels of zinc sulfate were set up, which were 2 kg/667 m2, 3 kg/667 m2 and 4 kg/667 m2, respectively. The time of applying zinc fertilizer in soil was 10 days after flowering, and the time of spraying zinc fertilizer was divided into 21 days after flowering, 35 days after flowering, 21 days and 35 days after flowering, respectively, once (twice in total), with no zinc fertilizer as control (CK). The results showed that the application of zinc sulfate 3 kg/677 m2 on soil 10 days after flowering, 0.3% zinc sulfate fertilizer on leaves 21 days after flowering and 35 days after flowering increased zinc content in grape leaves and fruits, and significantly increased net photosynthetic rate of grape leaves.