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To provide technical support for the design of new seamless flexible trailing edge structures，a comparative study of the elastic properties of four novel zero Poisson’s ratio honeycomb structures（sinusoidal-type，V-type，segmented sinusoidal-type and cosine-type）is conducted through theoretical analysis and finite element simulation. A tensile test on the cosine honeycomb is also carried out. Based on this，a flexible trailing edge based on a two-dimensional deformable zero Poisson’s ratio cosine honeycomb was designed，and the bending performance of the cosine honeycomb trailing edge section is simulated and analyzed. The results show that the in-plane elasticity and stress state of the cosine honeycomb structure are superior to other three honeycomb structures. The quasi-linear strain of the cosine honeycomb achieves 27.8%. Excellent bending performance of cosine honeycomb segment can be achieved by parameter adjustment，thereby achieving significant bending deformation of the flexible trailing edge structure. This study can provide references for the design and analysis of novel flexible trailing edge structures.

In orthodontic treatment for protrusion, premolar extraction is a common option. The extraction spaces are closed by the reciprocal movement of posterior and anterior teeth. However, the unclear question is, after extracting the first or second premolars in the maxilla or mandible, what amount is the“anchorage loss”(mesial movement)of the molars when the spaces closed using intra-arch reciprocal anchorage only. We reviewed a large number of clinical studies on orthodontic treatment involving the extraction of premolars to investigate the factors related to molar anchorage loss. Existing studies have explored the influence of physiological factors such as age, occlusal relationship, and vertical facial profile, as well as treatment factors such as tooth extraction site, appliance system, and gap closure method on the molar anchorage loss in orthodontic cases involving the extraction of premolars. The reported molar anchorage loss under different conditions has certain reference value for the orthodontic extraction plan making and anchorage design. More high-quality clinical studies are needed to further clarify this important clinical issue in the future.

[Objective] Suberin is a polyester type biopolymer that specifically deposits in tissues such as the endodermis, periderm, seed coat, and wound epidermis of plants. Acting as a barrier between the plants and their environment, suberin controls the transport of water and solutes, protecting plants from environmental stresses and pathogenic invasion. This article reviews the key enzymes and transcription factors involved in suberin biosynthesis, and discusses the impact of environmental factors on suberin synthesis and deposition. The future research direction was prospected. [Reviews] The regulation of suberin involves various factors, including key enzymes such as β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS), fatty acyl reductase (FAR), cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP family), and transcription factors such as MYB, NAC, WRKY. Environmental factors also regulate the biosynthesis and deposition of suberin through complex signal transduction pathways. [Prospect] Future research should focus on the key regulatory nodes of suberin biosynthesis, particularly exploring the factors that influence species-specific deposition of suberin in crops. By leveraging multi-omics approaches to elucidate its transport, assembly, and post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms, there is potential to provide new strategies for enhancing nutrient use efficiency and stress resistance in crop genetic improvement.

This study sought to explore the value of major ozonated autohemotherapy (MOA) as a treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI) in a rat model system. In total, 54 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into sham-operated, SCI model, and MOA treatment groups. We found that relative to the SCI model group, rats that underwent MOA treatment exhibited improved locomotor scores on days 14, 21, and 28 after injury (p < 0.05) together with reduced residual urine on days 5, 7, 14, and 21 after injury (p < 0.05). MOA treatment also lowered proinflammatory TNF-α, IL-1α, and C1q levels on day 3 post-injury (p < 0.05), decreased malondialdehyde levels, and enhanced superoxide dismutase activity (p < 0.001). Activated astrocytes in MOA-treated rats exhibited larger soma and higher levels of extracellular matrix secretion, whereas reactive microglia in the MOA group presented with a ramified morphology in contrast to the amoeboid morphology exhibited by these cells in SCI model rats. MOA offers potential value as a means of protecting spinal cord integrity, potentially through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and regulatory effects that shape the polarization of astrocytes and microglia.

ObjectiveTo analyze the characteristics of forensic clinical sex identification cases after sex reassignment surgery for transsexualism, discuss the main point of forensic clinical sex identification in China based on domestic and foreign sex change policies and related cases, so as to standardize relevant identification.MethodsA total of 39 cases of forensic clinical sex identification were collected from Center for Forensic Science, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University in recent years, and the ratio of sex, identification time, the location of surgery, secondary sex characteristic and other information were statistically analyzed.ResultsTransgender woman accounted for 97.4% of the cases, and 94.9% of the cases were operated in Thailand. All cases were identified after the sex reassignment surgery, and at least one of the secondary sex characteristics was consistent with the postoperative primary sexual characters. There were only 2 cases in which auxiliary examination was applied.ConclusionForensic clinical sex identification should be based on the principle that the primary and secondary sex characteristics are consistent with the changed sex.

C14H10Br4, tetragonal, P43212 (no. 96), a = 6.8288(8) Å, c = 31.988(6) Å, V = 1491.7(5) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0540, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1479, T = 193 K.

Pheochromocytomas/Paragangliomas(PPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors with a high hereditary predisposition. The pseudo-hypoxic PPGLs dominated by SDHx mutations show a higher potential of metastasis. Approximately 10%-17% of PPGLs develop metastasis and patients with metastatic diseases have restricted treatment options and a poor prognosis. Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) plays a crucial role in the development and progression of tumors as well as predicting patients’ prognosis and their response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Several studies have initially characterized the immune landscape of PPGLs. This review focuses on the infiltration of immune cells,the expression of immune checkpoints in the TIME of PPGLs and their relationships with genetics and metastasis of tumors in order to better understand the mechanisms of tumor immune evasion in PPGLs and provide insights to support novel treatment strategy for metastatic PPGLs.

[Abstract]: [Objective]: To analyze the current status and development trends of the patents of spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food in China, and to provide ideas and references for the research and development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food. [Methods]: The State Administration for Market Regulation website’s “Special Food Information Query Platform” and the incoPat global patent database were searched in this study. Based on the methods of bibliometrics, the registered health food and patents related to spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food in China were sorted out. Furthermore, the research and development numbers, provinces, institutions, technology and efficacy classification, major drugs, active ingredients and others of invigorating spleen health food in China were analyzed, and filtered patent data were visualized and analyzed by R programming language and CytoScape software. [Results]: A total of 285 patents of health food with the homology of medicine and food for invigorating spleen were included and analyzed. From 2012, the patent registration numbers of these spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food increased significantly in China. Over the past 20 years, the top five provinces in terms of patent disclosures were Guangdong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong, and Guangxi. It was found that the technical efficacy of over 20 patents was described as “immune enhancement” “digestion” “disease prevention”, etc. Patent applications were mainly aimed at the research and development of the preservation of food or ingredients, the specific therapeutic activity of compounds, and pharmaceutical preparations, which were led by corporation research and development registrations, and supplemented by applications from research institutions and individuals. Among the 285 patents, the top 10 raw materials of spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food were Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), Shanzha (Crataegi Fructus), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Dazao (Jujubae Fructus), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Fengmi (Mel), Maiya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus), and Dangshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma). The main functions were to nourish spleen and replenish Qi, invigorate spleen and benefit lungs, nourish blood and promote fluid production, and nourish spleen and stomach. [Conclusion]: The main drug composition and functional components of spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food are relatively clear, and the technical effects of invigorating the spleen and stomach, eliminating accumulation of food, and enhancing immunity are highly targeted. This paper provides evidence for the research and development, mechanism research, and process improvement of spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food in the future.

Objective To study the role and mechanism of mir-199-3p in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods The diabetic model of rats was established by injection of streptozotocin. The expression of miR-199-3p and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in the retina of rats was detected by RT-qPCR. The targeting relationship between miR-199-3p and VegfA in retinal cells was studied by dual luciferase assays. Apoptosis of retinal cells was evaluated by TUNEL staining. Protein of VEGFA and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β), Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) were detected by Western blot. Results The retinal staining showed that the pathological changes such as retinal capillary dilation and vascular curvature in diabetic rats. The results of reverse transcription showed that the expression of miR-199-3p decreased and VEGFA increased in the retina of diabetic rats significantly. The targeting relationship between miR-199-3p and VegfA was confirmed by dual luciferase assays. The low-expression of miR-199-3p significantly reduced the number of retinal ganglion cells and enhance the apoptosis of retinal cells, while the low expression-miR-199-3p and VEGFA significantly reversed the effects of miR-199-3p on retinal cells(P

Situation awareness is one of the key competencies required by pilots to fly aircraft, and quantitative assessment of pilots' situation awareness is the focus of many studies.To clarify past research on pilots' situation awareness, six traditional measurement approaches are firstly summarized in this paper, including freeze-probe technique, real-time probe technique, post-trial self-rating technique, observer scoring technique, performance evaluation and physiological index evaluation.Secondly, a mathematical modeling approach is introduced to measure pilots' situation awareness, which is more refined and highly predictive.Finally, a detailed summary of the main measures used in past studies of pilots' situation awareness is summarized, and its development direction is discussed to provide some reference for subsequent research in this area.

Based on the computational fluid dynamics, a numerical model of deep-sea landing vehicle was established to meet the requirements of deep-sea landing vehicle for large scale and long period submarine operation. The key design variables were determined by parametric analysis of the control point of the landing vehicle bow modeled line, which was carried out in the Isight software through the combination with SolidWorks and Fluent. The optimal latin Hypercube method is used to select sample points for the direct navigation resistance calculation, an approximate model of design variable-resistance was established based on the radial basis function neural network, and the optimal design of landing vehicle bow modeled line was carried out by using the adaptive simulated annealing algorithm. The optimized resistance is reduced by 14.24%, and the hydrodynamic performance is improved. This work provides a basis for the optimization design of the deep-sea landing vehicle and can also provide a reference for the numerical analysis of other submersible vehicles.

BackgroundExposure to high-intensity X-ray irradiation induces numerous defects in the thin films of optical components applied to X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) facilities. These defects result in structural damage to the material and degradation of macroscopic properties, thereby affecting its service life and significantly compromising the reliability and stability of XFEL facilities.PurposeThis paper aims to design and implement an automated irradiation simulation software based on Python called automatic irradiation simulation based on LAMMPS (AISL) to support the simulation research of XFEL radiation damage to materials using molecular dynamics methods.MethodsAISL was designed to facilitate high-throughput automated studies on XFEL radiation damage by exploring the process of radiation-induced defects and promoting the accumulation of data for radiation-resistant materials. This software package established an automated workflow pipeline for simulation tasks, encompassing aspects such as batch submission management, scheduling of simulation tasks, reliable storage of computational data, and post-processing of thermodynamic information. Additionally, the metadata was automatically recorded in a radiation damage simulation database based on MongoDB, so were the workflow information, and calculation result files of the simulation. Finally, the utilization of AISL in simulating radiation damage in metal thin films of XFEL optical components was demonstrated to verify the validation of AISL.Results & ConclusionsThe demonstration results indicate that AISL is an effective, user-friendly software for conducting high-throughput automated irradiation simulation studies. It significantly enhances the efficiency of material irradiation damage simulation calculations using LAMMPS.

The current near-infrared spectroscopy identification of coal and rock is to collect spectral data in a static state for offline identification. The technology cannot meet the need for real-time identification of high-speed moving coal and rock on conveyor during caving operation. In order to solve this problem, a coal and rock identification device is developed based on near-infrared spectroscopy technology. The device consists of a data acquisition and processing device, and a light source and probe integrated device. The light source and probe integrated device is used to collect the reflected light of coal and rock. The improved coal and rock identification algorithms (cosine angle algorithm and correlation coefficient method) in the data acquisition and processing device is used to analyze the spectrum data. The spectrum information can be analyzed immediately after obtaining a coal and rock spectrum curve. Then the current coal and rock type can be determined. In order to obtain the best characteristic band and standard spectral library size of the improved coal and rock identification algorithms, the effects of different characteristic bands and standard spectral library sizes on the identification accuracy are obtained through experiments. The characteristic widths of 1 300 -1 500 nm, 1 800-2 000 nm and 2 100-2 300 nm are suitable for most coal and rock samples. The size of the standard spectral library is positively correlated with the accuracy. It is necessary to increase the number of curves in the standard spectral library during identification. In order to improve the spectral quality collected by the coal and rock identification device, the relative motion of coal and rock and the light source and probe integrated device is simulated in the laboratory. The influence law of different spectral acquisition parameters on spectral quality is explored. The integration time mainly refers to the light intensity of the light source. When the acquisition conditions are good, the integration time should be set to be slightly higher than the lower limit by 5-10 ms. For the fully mechanized top coal caving face, the real-time requirement of coal and rock identification is high, and the coal and rock on the scraper conveyor change rapidly during the coal caving process. The integration number is set to one for the best. The smoothing times mainly refer to the speed of environmental fluctuation, which can be set to eliminate the change of ambient light. In order to improve the identification accuracy of coal and rock identification device in the coal flow movement state of working face, the identification accuracy of improved cosine algorithm and correlation coefficient method in the relative movement of coal and rock and light source and probe integrated device is explored. The improved correlation coefficient method is more suitable for the identification algorithm used in working face, and the accuracy rate is 91.3%. The results of the coal and rock identification test in coal mine show that after collecting the spectral curves of coal and rock in a coal drawing cycle, the device immediately analyzes the spectral information and determines the current coal and rock category by the improved identification algorithm. The device realizes the real-time identification of coal and rock in the coal drawing process.

Under China's exam-oriented educational system, high school students are under high pressure, especially before they undertake the National College Entrance Examination. In China, the National College Entrance Examination is also given the meaning of the top priority in the life of most parents. This study focuses on the influence of Chinese high school students' test anxiety on their National College Entrance Examination results. The results show that the more anxious the examinees are, the less satisfactory their scores are. On the contrary, the less anxious they are, the better their scores are. Exam anxiety is negatively related to the scores of the National College Entrance Examination. This study has important research value for the field of high school education and psychological distress in China. It fills the gap in the research on the impact of college entrance examination anxiety on the scores of senior high school students, provides a reference for the follow-up research on the mechanism of intervention in high school students' anxiety, and also makes the society and school parents pay attention to the problem of high school students' exam anxiety.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Erythronium sibiricum bulb polysaccharides on asthma and its mechanism based on oxidative stress.MethodsFifty female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the negative control group， asthma model group， dexamethasone group， low and high-dose Erythronium sibiricum bulb polysaccharides groups. Except the negative control group， the asthma model was established by sensitizing with chicken egg albumin （OVA）. The number and classification of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） were determined by a whole blood analyzer. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE）， Periodate acid-Schiff （PAS） and Masson staining were used to observe the lung pathology of asthmatic mice. The contents of malondialdehyde （MDA） and the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） in serum were detected by colorimetry. Determination of protein expression and mRNA abundance of nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2（Nrf2）， HemeoxygenasE1 （HO-1） and Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in the lung were detected by immunohistochemistry and real-time fluorescence determination polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）.ResultsCompared with the negative control group， the numbers of total inflammatory cells， neutrophils， monocytes and eosinophils in the BALF of the model group were significantly increased （P

ObjectiveTo identify whether the relationship between Zhang A, Zhang B, Zhang C and Zhang X is the half-sibling relationship whose mother is sister （hereinafter referred to as the special half-sibling relationship） or the common first cousin relationship and discuss the application of ITO method in discriminating the special kinship.MethodsDNA was extracted from blood stain of four identified individuals, PowerPlex® 21 System and AGCU 21+1 STR kit were used to detect autosomal STR genetic markers. Investigator® Argus X-12 QS kit was used to detect the X chromosome STR genetic markers, the special half-sibling index （SHSI） and first cousin index （FCI） and their likelihood ratio （LR） were calculated by ITO method.ResultsThe LR results of SHSI to FCI, which were calculated based on autosomal STR genotyping and the analysis of X-STR genotyping results suggested that the relationship between Zhang A, Zhang B, Zhang C and Zhang X was inclined to be a special half-sibling relationship.ConclusionFor the identification of special kinship, it is necessary to comprehensively apply various genetic markers according to the case. After the conclusion that shared alleles cannot be excluded from the analysis, ITO method can be further used to establish discriminant assumptions according to the specific case to obtain objective and reliable identification opinions.

The ‘marketplace of ideas’ metaphor has gone over a whole century since its birth, and its significance is far-reaching. The protection of freedom of speech in its theory is now manifested as high tolerance of fake news. Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Russia, and Malaysia are among the countries attempting to address the worldwide issue of false news. Many nations have included false news regulation into necessary measures such as government management and even legal systems, as can be shown. In the United States, it is difficult to control fake news by legal means, which can only be exerted through extremely limited litigation liability and industry self-discipline. In addition, the transformation of media technology has destroyed the theoretical basis of the ‘marketplace of ideas’. Due to the struggle between the two parties in the United States, fake news has become a ‘floating signifier’ and a discourse tool to attack political opponents. The century-old theory of ‘marketplace of ideas’ is in urgent need of reflection and reconstruction.

Substantial studies have demonstrated that left atrial (LA) enlargement was a robust predictor of atrial fibrillation (AF) and obesity was a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of body mass index (BMI) on LA dimension in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) remains unclear.

Dropping out of graduate school can have adverse effects on both universities and individuals. Studying dropout intention as a antecedent variable of dropout behavior can help reduce the occurrence of graduate dropout behavior. Based on the self-reported case text of “why do graduate students want to quit school” in the “Zhihu” Q&A community, and combined with the Grounded theory, this paper analyzes the factors affecting the intention to quit school, in order to build a model of graduate students’ intention to quit school. According to the results of the study, the factors that affect the dropout intention of postgraduates mainly include the following six aspects: external motivation for postgraduate study, negative outcome expectations, important others, low self-efficacy, lack of academic interest, and freshmen’s adaptation. Based on this, this article proposes intervention measures for the intention of graduate students to drop out, including cultivating positive academic emotions, optimizing the training mode of graduate students, emphasizing the construction of teacher culture, and providing guidance for the transition period of new students, in order to provide reference for effectively reducing the dropout rate of graduate students.

This paper aims to explore the connection between self-construal and making choices. The existing research mainly used the research method of questionnaire survey, questionnaire data analysis form self-construction scale, self-construal scale for researchers to understand the relationship between individual perception and others. The concept and theory of self-construal are widely applied in various research fields, such as decision-making and pro-society. Self-decision theory was first proposed from the study of individual motivation. Through empirical analyses, self-control and moral decision-making factors, self-control and pro-social decision, personal needs and environmental needs were discussed. People’s self-construal of different categories for self-decision is one of the important factors. By applying the concept and theory of self-construal to decision, self-construal is an important factor. Self-decision theory is a continuous interpretation theory. Self-decision of individual self-realization is a dynamic process, involving internal motivation, internalized external motivation and emotional integration of three parts. The different classifications will have different psychological impulses and psychological demands, thus affect the motivation of individual tendency, ultimately affecting people’s decision making.

In this research, we sought to surmount the poor dissolvability and transdermal absorption rate of licorice flavonoids (LFs) by fabricating a LFs microemulsion. LFs content was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Initial studies such as dissolution testing, emulsification testing, and pseudo ternary phase diagram generation were implemented for screening components and optimized adopting the central composite design. While the tested responses were solubility, droplet size and PDI, thirteen trials were performed using two different variables, oil percentage and optimized emulsifier and co-emulsifier ratio. Microemulsions were then characterized for droplet size, PDI, transmission electron microscopy, viscosity, electrical conductivity, pH, entrapment efficiency, drug content and stability. Additionally, skin release profile, percutaneous absorption and retention were investigated adopting Franz diffusion cell. The optimal formulation was found to compose of laureth-9 (emulsifier, 6.72 g), propylene glycol (co-emulsifier, 1.80 g), isopropyl myristate (IPM, oil, 1.48 g), LFs (1.50 g) and at least more than 85% deionized water. The optimized and storage for 3 months of microemulsion was found to clear, light yellow color without phase separation or precipitation indicated the stability of the preparation to long-term placement. The mean droplet size, PDI, entrapment efficiency and drug content were discovered as 12.68 ± 0.12 nm, 0.049 ± 0.005, 97.28 ± 0.13% and 122.67 ± 0.40 mg·g−1, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal formulation sustained release LFs, remarkably deliver more LFs through the skin layer (644.95 ± 6.73 μg cm−2) and significantly retained LFs in the skin layer (9.98 μg cm−2). The study concluded that optimized microemulsion has potential and enhanced the dissolvability and cumulative penetration amount of LFs.

Objective To establish a co-culture system to observe the interactions between mouse macrophage RAW264.7 and myoblast C2C12 cells. Methods RAW264.7 and C2C12 cell lines were co-cultured in a Transwell chamber containing conditioned medium for myogenic differentiation, and the changes in the cell morphology were observed under a phase-contrast microscope. On days 1, 3 and 5 of co-culture, the cell proliferation was assessed with CCK-8 assay, and the protein expressions of Myf5, MyoD, myogenin, iNOS and Arg-1 were detected using Western blotting; the concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-10 in the supernatant were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Co-culture with RAW264.7 cells obviously accelerated the myogenic differentiation and promoted the formation of multinucleated myotubes in C2C12 cells. Compared with the cells cultured alone, C2C12 cells in the co-culture system showed significantly inhibited protein expression of Myf5 (P < 0.05) and enhanced expressions of MyoD (P < 0.05) and myogenin (P < 0.01) on day 1, and inhibited expression of Myf5 (P < 0.01) and increased expression of MyoD (P < 0.01) on day 3; significantly lowered cell viability (P < 0.05) and Myf5 expression (P < 0.01) with increased area of myotubes (P < 0.01) were observed on day 5. The co-culture did not produce significant effect on the morphology of RAW264.7 cells, but caused significant inhibition of iNOS expression (P < 0.01) and IL-1β secretion (P < 0.05) and increased Arg-1 expression (P < 0.01) on day 1 of the co-culture; significantly lowered iNOS expression and IL-1β secretion (P < 0.01) and increased Arg-1 expression (P < 0.01) and IL-1β secretion (P < 0.01) occurred in RAW264.7 cells on day 3 of the co-culture, and on day 5, the cells showed more obvious clustering with significantly enhanced proliferation (P < 0.05), lowered iNOS expression and IL-1β secretion (P < 0.01), and increased secretion of IL-10 (P < 0.05). Conclusion Co-culturing C2C12 cells with RAW264.7 cells accelerates the myogenic differentiation of the former and promotes the proliferation and M2 polarization of the latter.