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To explore the influence and mechanism of parent-child relationship on adolescents' problematic smartphone use, a sample of 3355 Chinese adolescents (M.sub.age=16.93, SD = 0.49, range: 14-19 years old; 48% boys) is recruited to measure parent-child relationship, problematic smartphone use, personal growth initiative, and school belonging. The results are as follows. (1) After controlling for gender, age and time spent online per day, parent-child relationship is negatively correlated with problematic smartphone use, and the negative association between parent-child relationship and problematic smartphone use is mediated by the personal growth initiative. (2) The association between parent-child relationship and problematic smartphone use, the association between parent-child relationship and personal growth initiative, and the association between personal growth initiative and problematic smartphone use are all moderated by school belonging and are stronger in adolescents with a high level of school belonging. The present study highlights the mediating role of personal growth initiative and the moderating role of school belonging in the association between parent-child relationship and problematic smartphone use. This study also contributes to a better understanding of the effects, paths, and conditions of parent-child relationship on the problematic smartphone use of adolescents and provides constructive suggestions for preventing adolescents' problematic smartphone use in the mobile Internet era., Author(s): Cai Zhang [sup.1] , Yiru Jiang [sup.1] , Chengwei Zhu [sup.1] , Mian Li [sup.1] , Xi Quan [sup.1] , Fumei Chen [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.20513.35, 0000 0004 [...]

The objective of this article is to examine potential techniques for suppressing solar heat flow on the optical antenna of a laser communication sensor. Firstly, the characteristics of the geosynchronous Earth orbit's (GEO) space radiation environment are analysed, and a combined passive and active thermal control solution is proposed. Secondly, the temperature distribution of the lasercom sensor under extreme operating conditions is simulated utilising IDEAS-TMG (6.8 NX Series) software, which employs Monte Carlo and radiative heat transfer numerical calculation methods. Finally, a strategy for avoiding direct sunlight around midnight is proposed. The simulation results demonstrated that the thermal control solution and solar avoidance strategy proposed in this paper achieved long-term fine-stable control of the temperature field of the optical antenna, which met the thermal permissible communication hours per daily orbit cycle in excess of 14 h per day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel SPH model aimed at solving the coupled water-soil problems is proposed based on the mixture theory. This method is featured with the spatially overlapped dual continua for both fluid and solid phases. The water phase is modeled as a weakly-compressible Newtonian fluid, and the soil phase is modeled using an elastoplastic constitutive model. The benchmark problem, fully submerged soil subjected to gravity, is examined to validate this SPH model. Finally, a submerged landslide is simulated to demonstrate the capability of the proposed SPH model in solving the dynamic soil–water coupling problems.

Purpose: With the increasing ubiquity of smartphones in our daily lives, technoference has emerged as a novel threat to family relationships and child development. This study explored the impact of parent-child technoference on child problematic smartphone use and its underlying mechanism and potential gender difference among children. Participants and Methods: The participants were 3032 fourth-grade students (42.6% female; 80.6% one-child families; 32.9% lower income level families, 33.3% middle income level families; Mage = 10.59 years, SD=0.32) from 535 primary schools. Students in the target classes were invited to participate anonymously in the questionnaire survey in classrooms. Then, SPSS, AMOS and other software were used to analyze the data. Results: 1) Parent-child technoference, negative parenting styles and child problematic smartphone use were positively correlated with each other, while they were negatively correlated with parent-child relationship; 2) Parent-child technoference can not only directly and positively predict child problematic smartphone use, but also indirectly and positively predict child problematic smartphone use through parent-child relationship and negative parenting styles respectively; 3) Parent-child relationship and negative parenting styles play a chain mediating role between parent-child technoference and child problematic smartphone use; 4) There are significant gender differences in the chain mediation model. Conclusion: The results showed that parent-child technoference significantly affected child problematic smartphone use through a chain mediation of parent-child relationship and negative parenting styles. Gender differences were observed, with girls experiencing a more pronounced disruption in the parent-child relationship, while boys were more likely to develop problematic smartphone use. In cases of strained parent-child relationships due to technoference, girls also tended to perceive more negative parenting styles. These findings promote parents' understanding of the influencing factors and mechanisms of child problematic smartphone use, especially helpful for follow-up measures to prevent and intervene child problematic smartphone use from the perspective of families and parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family income is an important factor that affects depression in children and can indirectly be associated with children's development through family and individual factors. However, few studies have examined the mechanism of multiple risk factors. Therefore, this study focused on the relationship between family income and child depression, as well as the chain mediating the roles of parental involvement and children's self-esteem both in single-parent families and intact families. A total of 1355 primary school students completed questionnaires that assessed family income, parental involvement, children's self-esteem, and depression. The results showed that family income influenced child depression through both the mediating roles of parental involvement and children's self-esteem and the chain mediating role of parental involvement and children's self-esteem. Meanwhile, family income only influenced child depression through chain mediation in single-parent families. The group differences in the mechanism of depression provide a reference for empirical research on depression intervention in children from different family structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because the conventional controller for parallel mechanism has low trajectory tracking precision,the sliding mode variable structure controller（ SMC） is designed based on the dynamics equation of 3-RPS parallel mechanism and proportional switching control law. Firstly,the Matlab / Sim Mechanics analysis model of 3- RPS parallel mechanism is established,the Jacobian matrix of 3- RPS parallel manipulator is solved by using the micro- displacement method and the optimal size parameters of the mechanism are determined by workspace analysis,which are the theoretical reference values for control system. Secondly,the SMC controller is established,the stability of SMC controller is proved by using the Lyapunov function. At last,the Matlab / Simulink block diagrams of PID controller and SMC controller are respectively established,the effects of PID controller with SMC controller are compared and analyzed,the results show that the trajectory tracking precision of SMC controller is higher than the PID controller,and the SMC controller has smaller steady- state error,faster response speed and better robustness,and the effectiveness of the SMC control is verified.