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Wistar rats were irradiated with different doses of 60Co γ rays to establish models of radioactive dermatitis to exploring the development of their characteristics and rules. Twenty-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control (NC) (n=6) , rad 30 Gy (n=10), and rad 45 Gy (n=10) groups. The rad 30 Gy and 45 Gy groups received a single dose of local irradiation to the buttocks, respectively. Changes in irradiated skin, body weights, and skin blood flow were observed on the 7 th, 14 th, 21 st, 28 th, 35 th, 45 th, and 60 th day after irradiation. Irradiated skin tissue samples were collected for H&E staining on the 60 th day to analyze the resultant pathological changes. Compared to the NC group, the rad group suffered distinct degrees of skin injury, which were severe on the 21 st day, followed by gradual recovery. Skin blood flow of the buttocks in erythematous hyperemia and early healing were increased, whereas its decrease in ulcers necrose and late healing. H&E staining demonstrated epidermal thickening and increase in the number of squamous epithelial cells in the rad 30 Gy group and marked epidermal thicking and dermal inflammatory cell infiltration in the rad 45 Gy group. Better model of radioactive dermatitis may be obtained by using rad 45 Gy 60Co γ rays on the skin of the buttock of Wistar rats for a singe dose of local radiation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the damage caused to HaCaT cells by 60Co γ-rays at different doses and the underlying mechanism and to establish a cell model of radiation-induced skin injury. HaCaT cells were irradiated with a single dose of 60Co γ-rays (the radiation source was 3 m away from the cells, and the dose rate was 100.68 cGy/min). The cell activity was detected using the CCK-8 method, the vitality of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was measured using the water soluble tetrazolium salt staining method, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level was determined using the thiobarbituric acid method, the apoptosis rate was monitored through flow cytometry, and the expression of the apoptosis- and inflammation-related proteins was detected via western blotting. After irradiation with 60Co γ-rays at 18 Gy for 24 h, the morphology of HaCaT cells changed significantly, cell activity decreased to 57.5%, MDA level increased to 66.28 µmol/mg, inhibition rate of SOD increased to 32.12%, apoptosis rate increased to 18.05%, and expression of inflammatory factors increased. After incubation for 24 h at an absorbed dose of 18 Gy, the cellular models of radiation-induced skin injury were established. The mechanism of cell injury may be related to cell oxidative damage, apoptosis, and inflammatory reaction.

Recently, bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) are promising for driving nitrate (NO3 −) reduction reaction (NO3RR) to produce ammonia (NH3) due to their multiple active sites and electron redistribution via strong metal–metal interaction. However, the quantitatively determining the atomic configuration of the active sites and revealing their respective roles in NO3RR process are still challenged. Herein, the configuration of atomically ordered PdFe3 L12 intermetallic NPs into mesoporous carbon nanofibers (O‐PdFe3‐mCNFs) is reported as an efficient NO3RR catalyst for NH3 synthesis. Compared to the face‐centered cubic one, the O‐PdFe3‐mCNFs demonstrate a high NO3− removal of 98.3% within 270 min with a large NH3 yield rate of 1014.2 µmol h−1 cm−2. The detailed in situ and theoretical analysis reveals that the high performance of O‐PdFe3‐mCNFs is attributed to the synergetic effect from the periodic adjacent Pd‐Fe pair sites at the ordered (110) facet via accelerating proton relay, where the Fe sites show preferable stabilization of nitrogen−oxygen (*NO) intermediates while Pd sites serve as proton reservoir for *NO hydrogenation. Moreover, the strong d‐d orbital hybridization tunes d‐band center of the alloy NPs and effectively modulates the adsorption energy of *NO3− and *NO. This synergetic electrocatalyst design offers a new avenue for developing highly efficient multifunctional NO3RR catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Material and energy efficiencies are two key parameters that benchmark the electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices (EECSDs). Maximizing both requires researchers to grasp the limits of the physiochemical properties of core electrode materials. Ordered mesoporous materials (OMMs) have been regarded as promising electrode materials; however, their intrinsic deficiencies (e.g., plugs, inaccessible pores, and surfaces) impose limits for wide applications. 2D ordered mesoporous materials (2DOMMs) featured with an extended lateral dimension and a nanometer thickness not only inherit the structure advantages of mesoporous materials, but also have a unique 2D ultrathin feature that can fully address the imperfections of conventional OMMs. Herein, recent achievements on the preparation of 2DOMMs by combining single micelle assembly strategy with 2D bottom‐up patterning techniques including the molecular/space confined, interfacial orientated, and surface limited assembly are focused. Special focus is devoted to the newly developed synthetic strategies and their fundamental mechanisms for accurate control of some key structural parameters. Recent advances of 2DOMMs in EECSDs are also highlighted, which suggest that 2DOMMs are excellent material platforms for developing new battery chemistry as well as targeting performance optimization and cost reduction. Finally, the challenges and prospects are proposed based on current development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The atom-cluster interaction has recently been exploited as an effective way to increase the performance of metal-nitrogen-carbon catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the rational design of such catalysts and understanding their structure-property correlations remain a great challenge. Herein, we demonstrate that the introduction of adjacent metal (M)-N 4 single atoms (SAs) could significantly improve the ORR performance of a well-screened Fe atomic cluster (AC) catalyst by combining density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental analysis. The DFT studies suggest that the Cu-N 4 SAs act as a modulator to assist the O 2 adsorption and cleavage of O-O bond on the Fe AC active center, as well as optimize the release of OH* intermediates to accelerate the whole ORR kinetic. The depositing of Fe AC with Cu-N 4 SAs on nitrogen doped mesoporous carbon nanosheet are then constructed through a universal interfacial monomicelles assembly strategy. Consistent with theoretical predictions, the resultant catalyst exhibits an outstanding ORR performance with a half-wave potential of 0.92 eV in alkali and 0.80 eV in acid, as well as a high power density of 214.8 mW cm -2 in zinc air battery. This work provides a novel strategy for precisely tuning the atomically dispersed poly-metallic centers for electrocatalysis., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Objective: Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by high fever, transient cutaneous rash, arthralgia/arthritis, and leukocytosis. Liver involvement in AOSD has been described, but few reports have described it in depth. The present study analyzed clinical and laboratory features in a series of Chinese AOSD patients., Methods: Data of 77 patients with AOSD (fulfilling Yamaguchi's diagnostic criteria) were retrospectively reviewed and compared with other series., Results: The characteristics of our patients are similar to those reported in the literature. Hepatomegaly occurred in 11.7% of the cases; abnormal liver enzymes in 62.3% mild cytolysis (level of transaminases <2 N) (23.4%), moderate cytolysis (between 2 and 5 N) (23.4%), severe cytolysis (>5 N) (15.6%), and increase in the level of alkaline phosphatase (32.9%), gamma-glutamyltransferase (48.1%), lactic dehydrogenase (69.0%). Complete recovery occurred in all patients, except for 1 who died of severe liver failure and complications., Conclusion: AOSD is a systemic disease, and the present study reemphasizes the high frequency of liver involvement. Although it was slight to moderate in most cases, severe cytolytic hepatitis has been described. Treatment for AOSD patients with liver involvement aimed mainly at AOSD itself and most of the patients with liver involvement got complete remission with systemic corticosteroid therapy.