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• First time and young donors were the most frequent plateletpheresis deferrals. • The leading cause for deferral was elevated alanine transaminase. • In female, first-time donors, abnormal haematology should be noted. In China, the platelet donation interval is 14 days. The eligibility criterion of plateletpheresis donors (PD) is more stringent than that of whole blood donors, so the deferral causes are very complicated. However, the deferral prevalence and causes among PDs are not well known in China. To analyse the deferral prevalence and influencing factors during pre-donation among PDs in a blood centre in Eastern China. From December 26, 2020 to December 25, 2021, all data of potential PDs during pre-donation were extracted from the register system and collected using Microsoft Excel. The number of deferred visits and the corresponding causes were retrospectively analysed, and the re-donation rate of deferred donors was calculated. A total of 19,762 visits were included in the study. Of these 17,847 (90.3%) donated platelets successfully and 1915 (9.7%) were deferred. The prevalence of deferrals was high among those less than 35 years old (p < 0.05) and first-time donors (p = 0). The leading cause for deferral was elevated alanine transaminase (51.4%) followed by abnormal haematological parameters (37.15%). High white blood cell count was the first deferral factor (26.9%) in abnormal haematological parameters. In more than 2 ineligible items, low haemoglobin and haematocrit simultaneously were dominant (58.3%). The re-donation rate of repeat donors (65.4%) was higher than that of first-time donors (19.3%) (p = 0). The deferral prevalence in Chinese plateletpheresis donors was not high. First-time and young donors were more frequently deferred. The repeat donors should be of concern, especially with abnormal haematological parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys have been widely used as percutaneous and subcutaneous implants due to their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, the aggregation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and persistent inflammatory responses at the implant site severely affect the soft tissue integration of Ti implants, causing a series of biological complications. To address this issue, in this study, Fe-nitrogen-doped carbon single-atom nanozymes (Fe-NC nanozymes) loaded titanium oxide nanotube arrays (Fe-NC@TNT) were constructed by anodic oxidation and solvothermal method on medical titanium surfaces. The surface morphology, physical composition, enzyme-like catalytic activity, inflammatory response, and soft tissue compatibility of Fe-NC@TNT were investigated. The unique nanotube array fully exposes the catalytic active sites of Fe-NC nanozymes and significantly enhances their enzyme-like catalytic performance to eliminate superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and more toxic hydroxyl radicals, which could effectively reduce the intracellular ROS levels of macrophages and fibroblasts, thereby inhibiting the inflammatory responses of macrophages and promoting the functional expression of fibroblasts. In vivo animal experiments have further demonstrated that Fe-NC@TNT can effectively regulate the immune response and promote the integration between the implant and the surrounding soft tissues. • Fe-NC loaded titanium oxide nanotube (Fe-NC@TNT) were constructed on medical Ti. • Fe-NC@TNT with multiple enzyme-mimicking activities can effectively scavenge ROS. • Fe-NC@TNT can inhibit inflammatory responses of macrophages. • Fe-NC@TNT can promote soft tissues integration around implants in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of self-management educational intervention on the symptoms of patients with functional constipation. From January 2014 to April 2015, 66 patients with functional constipation were randomly assigned into intervention group receiving intensive educational interventions and control group receiving routine nursing care. The constipation score of all clinical symptoms (Bristol stool form scale, defecation interval, incomplete evacuation, evacuatory difficulty) at 1 month postdischarge were all significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (all, p < .05). At 1 month postdischarge, the intervention group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with good health habits (reasonable diet, regular exercise, good defecation habits, proper use of laxatives) as compared with the control group (all, p < .05). These data suggest educational intervention can effectively improve constipation symptoms and compliance with treatment of patients, and lead to the development of good health habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium (Ti) has been widely used as orthopedic and dental implants, it is very important to improve the osteogenic activity and antibacterial ability of titanium implants. The objective of this work was to investigate the osteogenic and antibacterial ability of the zinc (Zn) ion implanted Ti at different implantation voltage. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate that Zn was successfully implanted into titanium. Zn-implanted titanium surfaces exhibit enhanced cell proliferation ability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and partial resistance to both Escherichia coli ( E . coli ) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S . aureus ). The excellent osteogenic and antibacterial ability are highly related to the implantation voltage. The cell proliferation and antibacterial ability can be enhanced by increasing the implantation voltage from 15 kV to 30 kV, indicating that Zn implantation at 30 kV is more beneficial to both osteogenic and antibacterial ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quinoline and N-methyl quinolinium-substituted nitronyl nitroxides 1 and 2 were prepared, and their crystal structures were determined. Thermal variance of their molar magnetic susceptibilities was measured with SQUID, and the results indicated that they both showed antiferromagnetic behavior. Atomic spin density in 1 and 2 was calculated with ab initio method, and magneto-structural correlation was discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Antibacterial sonothermal therapy (ASTT) is attractive for treating implant‐associated infection, which addresses the limitations of poor penetration of photothermal therapy. However, achieving implant surface‐specific ultrasound heating is incredibly challenging. Inspired by the porous acoustic metastructure in noise reduction, the acoustic metastructure would be a new strategy for attaining ASTT. Herein, an "acoustic confinement effect" is proposed to "trap" ultrasound for the metastructure TiO2 porous coating on titanium implants. The metastructure coating accomplishes specific acoustic absorption and efficient acoustic‐to‐thermal conversion, surpassing the non‐specific heating of conventional coatings. The theoretical calculation and experiment of metastructure porous coating prove the acoustic‐to‐thermal conversion mechanism, which is also validated in metastructure porous coatings on medical polyetheretherketone, indicating it is universal. Excitingly, this acoustic metastructure "trap" can capture bacteria and local sonothermal enhancement, exhibiting superior ASTT antibacterial rates (S. aureus, 99.69%; E. coil, 99.58%) at low‐power ultrasound. In addition, the metastructure TiO2 coating mimics human bone and demonstrates outstanding osseointegration. This study sheds substantial light on developing the acoustic responsive surface, broadening a new direction of acoustic metamaterials in medical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transmembrane charge (ion/electron) transfer is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and is involved in many biological processes, from protein synthesis to embryonic development in organisms. Designing implant devices that can detect or regulate cellular transmembrane charge transfer is expected to sense and modulate the behaviors of host cells and tissues. Thus, charge transfer can be regarded as a bridge connecting living systems and human‐made implantable devices. This review describes the mode and mechanism of charge transfer between organisms and nonliving materials, and summarizes the strategies to endow implants with charge‐transfer regulating or monitoring abilities. Furthermore, three major charge‐transfer controlling systems, including wired, self‐activated, and stimuli‐responsive biomedical implants, as well as the design principles and pivotal materials are systematically elaborated. The clinical challenges and the prospects for future development of these implant devices are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transmembrane charge (ion/electron) transfer is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and is involved in many biological processes, from protein synthesis to embryonic development in organisms. Designing implant devices that can detect or regulate cellular transmembrane charge transfer is expected to sense and modulate the behaviors of host cells and tissues. Thus, charge transfer can be regarded as a bridge connecting living systems and human‐made implantable devices. This review describes the mode and mechanism of charge transfer between organisms and nonliving materials, and summarizes the strategies to endow implants with charge‐transfer regulating or monitoring abilities. Furthermore, three major charge‐transfer controlling systems, including wired, self‐activated, and stimuli‐responsive biomedical implants, as well as the design principles and pivotal materials are systematically elaborated. The clinical challenges and the prospects for future development of these implant devices are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered photocatalysis antibacterial therapy has attracted significant attention. Herein, we designed a straddle-type heterostructure film of ZnS/Ag 2 S nanorod on the titanium implant, which showed excellent NIR photocatalytic ability. Under NIR, the electrons of Ag 2 S cascaded jump to ZnS conduction band (CB), and the electron of ZnS was half-jumped to Ag 2 S valence band (VB). The VB of Ag 2 S acted as a consumption platform for the holes of Ag 2 S and the electrons of ZnS, improving photocatalytic efficiency. To prove the feasibility of this mechanism, another straddle-type heterostructure of ZnS/Bi 2 S 3 with similar energy band structure was fabricated, and its NIR photocatalytic ability was also distinctly enhanced. Furthermore, the ZnS/Ag 2 S heterostructure films rapidly removed bacteria in vitro and in vivo under the NIR irradiation. This work innovatively discovered NIR photocatalytic effect of the straddle-type heterostructure, which complemented the design of heterostructures in photocatalysis. [Display omitted] • A straddle-type heterostructure of ZnS/Ag2S film was fabricated on titanium. • ZnS/Ag2S straddle-type heterostructure exhibited the enhanced NIR photocatalysis. • This heterostructure film showed good antibacterial efficacy under NIR irradiation. • The enhanced photocatalytic mechanism of the system was clarified and justified. • The NIR photocatalytic mechanism has widespread applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Partially fluorinated graphene shows favorable antibacterial ability. • Fluorinated graphene film could inhibit platelet aggregation. • Partially fluorinated graphene is more suitable for biological applications. Abstract Graphene halides are promising two-dimensional systems which have interesting physical and chemical properties. In particular, high quality fluorinated graphene offers a great potential in modulating variable properties by regulating its surface microstructure. Moreover, the fluorine introduction and carbon-fluorine bonding characters will enable some interesting biological response. Here, the biological responses to bacteria and cells of fluorinated graphene were studied. Present work revealed that partially fluorinated graphene behaved satisfactory antibacterial ability. Fluorinated graphene showed well facilitating function to cell adhesion in early period, however, after a longer incubation period, the enhanced intracellular ROS level in rBMSCs on the fully fluorinated graphene gives rise to the decrease of cell viability. It was found that there is no statistical difference in the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and matrix mineralization of rBMSCs on pristine graphene, partially fluorinated graphene and fluorographene. In addition, the introduction of fluorine into pristine graphene plane reduced the adhesion and aggregation of blood platelets due to the attenuation of π–π interaction between material surface and blood protein. The findings in this work revealed that partial fluorinated graphene exhibited better antibacterial ability and cytocompatibility, outperforming pristine graphene and fluorographene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important to fabricate an implant possessing environment sensitive drug delivery. In this work, the construction of 3D porous structure on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) surface and pH sensitive polymer, chitosan, was introduced. The smart release of doxorubicin can be realized on the 3D porous surface of PEEK loading chitosan. We give a feasible explanation for the effect of chitosan on smart drug release according to Henderson–Hasselbalch equation. Furthermore, the intracellular drug content of the cell cultured on the samples with highest chitosan is significantly higher at pH 4.0, whereas lower at pH 7.4 than other samples. The smart release of doxorubicin via modification with chitosan onto 3D porous PEEK surface paves the way for the application of PEEK in drug loading platform for recovering bone defect caused by malignant bone tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Rapid development of zinc biology has broadened the applications of Zn-incorporated biomaterials to tissue engineering but also raised concerns about the long-term safety of released Zn2+ ions. Clinical success hinges on the amount of incorporated zinc and subsequent optimized release sufficient to stimulate osseointegration. In this study, zinc is incorporated into the sub-surface of TiO2 coatings by plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIII&D). The Zn-implanted coatings show significant improvement compared to the “bulk-doped” coatings prepared by plasma electrolyte oxidation in terms of osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Molecular and cellular osteogenic activities demonstrate that rBMSCs cultured on the Zn-implanted coatings have higher ALP activity and up-regulated osteogenic-related genes (OCN, Col-I, ALP, Runx2) compared to the bulk-doped Zn coatings and controls. In vivo osseointegration studies conducted for 12 weeks on the rat model show early-stage new bone formation and the bone contact ratio (12 week) on the Zn-implanted coating is larger. The ZnT1 and ZIP1 gene expression studies demonstrate that the Zn-implanted coatings can better stimulate bone growth with reduced Zn release than those doped with zinc throughout the coatings. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] Zn was implanted into titanium using plasma immersion ion implantation technology. [•] The Zn-implanted titanium surfaces exhibited excellent osteogenic activity. [•] The Zn-implanted titanium surfaces possessed partly antibacterial effect. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] A ravined structure was constructed on PEEK for the first time. [•] Hydroxyl groups were introduced onto PEEK surface through water PIII. [•] Aging of the PIII-treated polymer was inhibited by storage in water. [•] Water PIII modified PEEK exhibits excellent cytocompatibility. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] Ag-embedded TiO2 film with micropit/nanorod topography was prepared on titanium. [•] The Ag-embedded TiO2 surface exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity. [•] The Ag-embedded TiO2 surface showed nearly no toxic side effect on the cells. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data were used to characterize stratospheric temperature and water-vapor anomalies before and after the freezing rain and snow disaster of South China in 2008, and the influence of stratospheric circulation anomalies on the troposphere. Stratospheric temperature and water-vapor anomalies provided good leading indicators of this weather event. The period from December 1st 2007 to February 28th 2008 was divided into 18 pentads. During the 6th pentad, temperature decreased significantly at 10 hPa in the near-polar stratospheric region, and the decreasing trend strengthened and extended downward and southward to middle and lower latitudes. During the 14th-18th pentads, the temperature decrease reached its maximum and extended to 30°N. This coincided with the widespread freezing rain and snow event. By the end of January 2008, the temperature decrease ended in the near-polar stratospheric region, but continued in the mid-latitude area of the troposphere as the freezing rain and snow weather persisted. Similar to the temperature variations, positive anomalies of relative humidity in the stratospheric near-polar region also strengthened and extended downward and southward, coinciding with the freezing rain and snow event. Along with the significant relationship between the freezing rain and snow disaster and stratospheric circulation anomalies, the stratospheric polar vortex changed its shape in late December, intensifying and spreading downward from the top of the stratosphere and southward to the Asian continent, resulting in a deepening of the East Asian Trough and a strengthening of meridional circulation. Before the occurrence of the freezing rain and snow event, temperature and vapor increases in the stratosphere transferred downward to the troposphere, along with a stratospheric flow in the near-polar region southward to lower latitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important biomaterial, lactic acid (LA) widely exists in human blood and sweat. The development of enzyme-free LA sensors with high-sensitivity and low-cost remains a challenge. We present here a structure of Co-doped porous carbon film derived from zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) on 3D carbon frameworks through a pyrolysis process. The conformal coating of ZIF-67 film is realized by a combination of gas-phase and liquid phase growths with the assistance of an induction step from atomic layer deposited-ZnO nanomembrane. In the resultant hierarchical structure with large surface area, Co-doped porous carbon film is closely stacked and firmly attached to carbon skeleton to form Co-doped N-containing carbon framework (Co-NCF). Therein, the Co-doped porous carbon provides catalytic Co nanoparticle, while the carbon skeleton bridges the individual carbon nanoparticle to form a conductive pathway. When adopted as an enzyme-free LA sensor, the Co-NCF composite exhibits excellent electrochemical sensing property in terms of an ultrahigh sensitivity of 1108 μA mM-1cm−2 at a liner range from 0.1 to 1 mM with a limit of detection of 13.7 μM. This work, therefore, presents an efficient strategy to prepare porous carbon structures toward new electrode materials in promising biomedicine systems. • A new strategy to induce the 3D assembly of MOFs on organic substrates. • Combination of gas phase and liquid phase growths leads to firm attaching. • Hierarchical 3D structure with vast active sites for high sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• PDA coating was deposited on Ti and further thermally treated at 150 and 300 °C. • C-OH and -NH 2 groups decreased, while C=O group increased after thermally treated. • Angiogenic behavior of HUVECs was best on PDA coating treated at 150 °C. Mussel inspired polydopamine (PDA) coatings have attracted a great deal of attention for their superior osteogenic property. Furthermore, recent investigations have demonstrated that vessel formation is crucial to bone regeneration. Hence, in the present study, the potential ability of polydopamine coatings with different oxidation degrees were systematically investigated in vitro to improve the angiogenic behavior of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). PDA was first coated on titanium (PDA-1#), and then oxidized by thermal treatment at 150 (PDA-2#) and 300 °C (PDA-3#), respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results revealed that phenolic hydroxyl (C–OH) and primary amino group (–NH 2) on PDA coatings deceased after oxidation, while quinone (C=O) increased. In vitro cell culture experiments suggested that PDA-2# sample was most beneficial for the adhesion, migration, and proliferation of HUVECs. Furthermore, HUVECs cultured on PDA-2# sample also exhibited best tube formation, CD31 expression, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion, as well as angiogenic-associated gene expression abilities. Our study suggests that moderate oxidation of PDA coating with balanced quinone and amino group has excellent potential to enhance bone vascularization, and is thus promising for clinical application in orthopedic implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]