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Sulfate plays a critical role in portland cement. The internal gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) incorporating with clinker controls the hydration of cement, while the external gypsum can attack the hydration products. Magnesium sulfate is renowned for sulfate attack on concrete. This study aims to investigate the impact of the internal Mg2+ addition on the composition and microstructure of hardened portland cement paste. Notably, the test results demonstrate that internal Mg2+ does not show the same aggressive effect as external Mg2+ on the destabilization of portland cement. Instead, internal Mg2+ infiltrates into the calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) gels, displacing the Al-O tetrahedra on the Si chain, forming C-(A, M)-S-H gels by converting Ca octahedra to Mg octahedra or Al-O tetrahedra to Mg-O tetrahedra. This process contributes to a decrease in the Al/Si ratio and mean chain length of the C-S-H gels. Additionally, the displaced Al-O tetrahedra from the C-S-H gels react with AFt, resulting in the AFm formation. Consequently, these structural changes in the C-S-H gels, along with additional pore filling through AFm precipitation, play a significant role in refining the pore structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Object detection technology is a popular research direction which is widely used in areas such as autonomous driving and medical diagnosis. At this stage mobile devices often have limited storage resources to deploy large object detection networks and need to meet real-time requirements. This paper proposes a lightweight and efficient object detection model based on YOLOv4, first using the lightweight network GhostNet to extract image features and reduce the number of parameters and computation of the backbone structure; then combining AFmodule and Meta-ACON activation function to enhance the feature extraction capability of the backbone network, which strengthen the mode's ability to capture image spatial feature information; this paper also designs the RL-PAFPN feature fusion structure is with the Reslayer module to further improve the model's ability to extract and fuse image features. By comparing other mainstream object detection models, the YOLOv4-Ghost-AMR network in this paper has less computation and fewer parameters, and the accuracy of the model reaches 86.83%, which is suitable for deployment in mobile devices with limited storage. The model proposed in this paper can be applied to medical, traffic and fault detection fields, which changes the traditional manual detection method and saves manpower and time costs, achieving high precision real-time object detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider a 2D stochastic quasi-geostrophic equation driven by jump noise in a smooth bounded domain. We prove the local existence and uniqueness of mild  L p (D) -solutions for the dissipative quasi-geostrophic equation with a full range of subcritical powers  α ∈ (1 2 , 1 ]  by using the semigroup theory and fixed point theorem. Our approach, based on the Yosida approximation argument and Itô formula for the Banach space valued processes, allows for establishing some uniform bounds for the mild solutions and we prove the global existence of mild solutions in  L ∞ (0 , T ; L p (D))  space for all  p > 2 2 α − 1 , which is consistent with the deterministic case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single atom catalysts (SACs) show potential application for highly efficient water splitting. Herein, we designed Co single atoms (SAs) dispersed on N and P co‐doped porous carbon nanofibers as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The configuration of Co SAs is proved to coordinate with 4 N/O atoms. The long‐range interactions between doped P atoms and Co−N4(O) sites could modulate the electronic structures of M−N4(O) sites, which greatly reduce the adsorption energies of HER and OER intermediates at metal sites. Density Functional Theory calculations reveal that CoSA/CNFs exhibits optimized HER and OER kinetics when P coordinates with two N atoms. The atomically dispersed Co electrocatalyst exhibits the low overpotentials of 61, 89 and 390 mV for acidic HER, alkaline HER and OER at 10 mA cm−2 current density, along with the Tafel slope of 54, 143 and 74 mV dec−1, respectively. This work demonstrates the prospect of utilizing di‐heteroatom‐doping transition metal SACs, and provides a novel and general strategy for the preparation of SACs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Object detection technology is a popular research direction which is widely used in areas such as autonomous driving and medical diagnosis. At this stage mobile devices often have limited storage resources to deploy large object detection networks and need to meet real-time requirements. This paper proposes a lightweight and efficient object detection model based on YOLOv4, first using the lightweight network GhostNet to extract image features and reduce the number of parameters and computation of the backbone structure; then combining AFmodule and Meta-ACON activation function to enhance the feature extraction capability of the backbone network, which strengthen the mode's ability to capture image spatial feature information; this paper also designs the RL-PAFPN feature fusion structure is with the Reslayer module to further improve the model's ability to extract and fuse image features. By comparing other mainstream object detection models, the YOLOv4-Ghost-AMR network in this paper has less computation and fewer parameters, and the accuracy of the model reaches 86.83%, which is suitable for deployment in mobile devices with limited storage. The model proposed in this paper can be applied to medical, traffic and fault detection fields, which changes the traditional manual detection method and saves manpower and time costs, achieving high precision real-time object detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although slippery liquid‐infused porous surfaces (SLIPSs) have been extensively studied for anticorrosion and antifouling applications, their durability and stability restrict their practicality. Herein, a technique is presented for fabricating SLIPS with dual‐protection. First, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating with a pyramidal morphology is fabricated through mold‐based lithographic techniques. The mold is prepared by applying a texturing process to a monocrystalline silicon wafer of the type used to produce solar cells. Once infused with lubricant, the SLIPS is prepared and has a water‐contact angle of 112°, on an inclined surface, water droplets slide easily off its surface. Due to the excellent chemical stability and low superficiality of the lubricant layer, the SLIPS offers excellent antifouling and anticorrosion properties. In a static marine environment, the SLIPS has an extremely low coverage fraction of algae. After being immersed in a 3.5% NaCl solution for 400 days, |Z|0.01 Hz ≈ 1011 Ω, and the phase angle at high frequency is approximately −90°. SLIPSs based on the PDMS coating provide dual protection (anticorrosion and antifouling), showing that this design approach produces SLIPSs with excellent potential for applications in marine environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The level of fault current increases as urban power grid expands in recent years. The traditional relay protection has difficulties in preventing the increased fault current in power grid. Magneto-biased superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is a novel technology with two-stage fault current limiting capability of reducing the level of fault current in the first half of the cycle and further in the second cycle. It consists of a double-split reactor, a non-inductive YBCO component, and a fast circuit breaker. Achieving its coordination with relay protection can reduce the reconstruction cost of power system and contribute to the promotion of SFCL. This paper analyzes the SFCL's operating mechanism at first. Then, a typical 10 kV IEEE 9-bus power system model including the magneto-biased SFCL is built to theoretically investigate the quench and current limiting characteristics and validate the feasibility of SFCL. Finally, a distance protection setting of a simplified 10 kV urban power grid is calculated and the influence of the introduction of the magneto-biased SFCL on the distance protection is quantified. The simulation results of single-phase short-circuit fault show that the zone I and zone II of distance protection can be properly activated and there is little impact on the distance protection of zone III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A SGCMG-based tractor active safety control method was proposed to generate the anti-rollover torque. • The nonlinear and time-varying dynamic model of the coupled tractor-gyro system was established. • Analyzed two rollover phases that occur before and after the unilateral wheels lose contact with the ground. • Proposed a controller based on the sliding mode control for dynamically adjusting the anti-rollover torque. • The feasibility of the proposed method was verified by full-scale simulations and scale model experiments. Rollover accidents involving off-road vehicles commonly occur during the steering phase on sloping terrain, especially when influenced by complex road conditions. This paper focuses on small-wheeled tractors and proposes an active rollover control method based on a single gimbal control moment gyro (SGCMG). Considering the two rollover stages that occur before and after the unilateral wheels lose contact with the ground, a nonlinear and time-varying dynamic model of the coupled tractor-gyro system is established. Subsequently, a sliding mode control (SMC) method has been employed to design the precession angular velocity controller for the gyro rotor, taking into consideration various uncertain factors such as slope angle, random road conditions, and centrifugal force. The precession angular velocity of the gyro rotor is dynamically adjusted by the controller to output an anti-rollover torque. Additionally, simulation analysis was conducted to assess the evolution of lateral stability during the steering process and to identify critical rollover positions. A series of simulation results indicate that the proposed approach can significantly enhance tractor stability and expand the region of driving stability. Finally, scale model experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed active rollover control method, demonstrating superior response time and peak roll angle control performance compared to the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control method. The proposed control method theoretically satisfies the requirements for tractor lateral stability control and rollover prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The living environment is of vital importance to human beings and is also the basis for their survival and development. Along with the accumulation of people's production and living experience, people are seeking their own development while studying the living environment more deeply. In recent years, various regions and departments have conscientiously implemented the relevant decisions and deployments. They have promoted the construction of rural infrastructure and the equalisation of basic public services between urban and rural areas, so that the rural living environment can be gradually improved. The rapid development of urban-rural integration has brought great opportunities and challenges for rural development, making rural development issues increasingly complex and affecting the effectiveness of the construction of a new rural habitat. At the same time, the agricultural economy is the basis of national economic development, and the ecological environment provides a certain amount of material environment for the development of the agricultural economy. Therefore, research on the harmonious development of the agricultural economy and the ecological environment has always been a hot issue for the authorities concerned. After all, China's agricultural economic development mode is characterized by a rough-and-ready approach, and the agroecological environment continues to deteriorate, leaving the issue of sustainable agricultural development to be resolved. What is worse, in the practice of agricultural production, the related agricultural activities have brought serious pollution to the environment. Specifically, the carrying capacity of the agricultural ecological environment is declining, leading to an increasingly serious conflict between sustainable agricultural economic development and the construction of an environmentally friendly and resource-saving society. In China, although the industrialization process is accelerating, the agricultural population still accounts for a large proportion of the population. As people's living standards continue to improve, a favorable living environment has become an urgent need for farmers. As a result, strengthening the construction of rural infrastructure, improving rural living conditions, and improving rural environmental sanitation are important issues that need to be addressed urgently. Therefore, to further investigate the impact of environmental regulation and agricultural economic efficiency on the habitat, this study constructs a systematic GMM model using panel data for 30 provinces and regions in China from 2011 to 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to meet the requirements of communication security and concealment, as well as to protect marine life, bionic covert communication has become a hot research topic for underwater acoustic communication (UAC). In this paper, we propose a bionic covert UAC (BC-UAC) method based on the time–frequency contour (TFC) of the bottlenose dolphin whistle, which can overcome the safety problem of traditional low signal–noise ratio (SNR) covert communication and make the detected communication signal be excluded as marine biological noise. In the proposed BC-UAC method, the TFC of the bottlenose dolphin whistle is segmented to improve the transmission rate. Two BC-UAC schemes based on the segmented TFC of the whistle, the BC-UAC scheme using the whistle signal with time-delay (BC-UAC-TD) and the BC-UAC scheme using the whistle signal with frequency-shift (BC-UAC-FS), are addressed. The original whistle signal is used as a synchronization signal. Moreover, the virtual time reversal mirror (VTRM) technique is adopted to equalize the channel for mitigating the multipath effect. The performance of the proposed BC-UAC method, in terms of the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and bit error rate (BER), is evaluated under simulated and measured underwater channels. Numerical results show that the proposed BC-UAC method performs well on covertness and reliability. Furthermore, the covertness of the bionic modulated signal in BC-UAC-TD is better than that of BC-UAC-FS, although the reliability of BC-UAC-FS is better than that of BC-UAC-TD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of extremely carcinogenic organic pollutants. Our previous findings have demonstrated that plant roots actively take up PAHs through co-transport with H+ ions. Auxin serves as a pivotal regulator of plant growth and development. However, it remains unclear whether the hormone can enhance the uptake of PAHs by plant roots. Hence, the wheat root exposed to PAHs with/without auxins was set to investigate how the auxin promotes the PAHs uptake by roots. In our study, auxin could significantly enhance the uptake of PAHs after 4 h of exposure. After the addition of auxin, the root tissue cytoplasmic pH value was decreased and the H+ influx was observed, indicating that the extracellular space was alkalinized in a short time. The increased H+ influx rate enhanced the uptake of PAHs. In addition, the H+-ATPase activity was also increased, suggesting that auxin activated two distinct and antagonistic H+ flux pathways, and the H+ influx pathway was dominant. Our findings offer important information for exploring the mechanism underlying auxin regulation of PAHs uptake and the phytoremediation of PAH-contaminated soil and water. [Display omitted] • Auxin can significantly enhance the uptake of PAHs after 4 h of exposure. • The extracellular space was alkalinized by auxin under PAHs exposure. • Auxin increased H+-ATPase activity indicated H+ efflux was also happened. • Auxin activated two distinct and antagonistic H+ flux pathways in a short time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An acid-base molecular assembly strategy for the synthesis of novel N-doped Mo 2 C@C nanowires. • The nanowires are composed of Mo 2 C crystalline cores with uniform mesopores (5 ~ 10 nm) and ultrathin carbon shells of ~1.5 nm in thickness. • High HER performance with a low overpotential of 136 mV, a small Tafel slop of 58 mV dec-1, high stability and outstanding anti-poisoning performance. • The influences of several factors on the morphology, composition and structure of the resulted materials are elucidated and correlated with their HER performance. Molybdenum carbides are promising electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Rational design of morphology, composition and interfacial structure in Mo 2 C materials is essential to enhance their HER performance. Herein, an acid-base molecular assembly strategy is demonstrated for the synthesis of novel N-doped Mo 2 C@C core–shell nanowires (NWs) composed of mesoporous Mo 2 C cores with interconnected crystalline walls and ultrathin carbon shells. The strong interactions between the two precursors, adenine (Ade) and phosphomolybdic acid (PMA), lead to the formation of inter-molecular hybrid NWs during a hydrothermal process. The subsequent pyrolysis leads to confined growth of crystalline Mo 2 C NWs with inter-crystal mesopores (5 ~ 10 nm), formation of ultrathin carbon shells (~1.5 nm in thickness), and effective N doping. Such a structure architecture can provide abundant active sites, fast and diverse mass and electron transport paths, as well as stable reaction interfaces. The typical N-doped Mo 2 C@C NWs exhibit high HER performance with a low overpotential of 136 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slop of 58 mV dec-1, excellent durability and outstanding anti-poisoning performance against CO and H 2 S gases. Furthermore, the influences of several important factors, including the pyrolysis temperature, hydrothermal temperature and precursor mass ratio, on the morphology, composition and structural configuration of the resulted materials are elucidated and correlated with their HER performance. This work may provide a general strategy for the synthesis of other nanoscale metal carbides for various catalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• One third developed extra drug resistance within turnaround time for DST results. • One fourth of MDR Mtb acquired PZA/EMB resistance within turnaround time for DST. • Exogenous reinfection played a ponderous role in the drug resistance acquisition. Although phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) takes up to 6–8 weeks, little is known about how drug susceptibility is affected during this period. We performed a prospective cohort study to investigate the development of drug resistance (DR) during turnaround time (TAT), including 359 pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients with a baseline DST result of an Mtb isolate collected at TB diagnosis and a follow-up DST result of an Mtb isolate collected when baseline DST result was available between 2013 and 2018. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to differentiate between acquired drug resistance, exogenous reinfection, and mixed infection. Among the studied patients, during TAT for DST, 116 (32.3%) developed DR to four first-line drugs (rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol). Among 116 pairs of isolates included for WGS, 21 pairs were classified as acquired drug resistance with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) differences less than 12. Four pairs with an intermediate SNPs differences displayed minor differences in related genotypes and were assessed as mixed infection. The remaining 91 pairs had high SNPs differences consistent with exogenous reinfection. The exogenous reinfection of drug-resistant strains played a vital role in the development of DR of Mtb isolates during TAT for DST, highlighting the need for both rapid DST methods and improved infection control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) cable, with massive current carrying capability and low electric power loss, is always at the cutting edge of the strong electric fields. The concentric three-phase HTS cable usually subjects to the impact of electromagnetic and mechanical forces. The forces will lead to the shape change of the cable, which may damage the cable and cause the degeneration of the critical current (Ic). In this paper, an analysis model of stress-strain and bending properties of the 10 kV/1 KA cable based on laminated theory is built. Laminated beam theory can simplify REBCO superconducting tape and concentric three-phase HTS cable to analyze stress-strain distribution. A finite element method (FEM) simulation model is established to analyze the critical bending radius of the HTS cable. Meanwhile, the normalized of the critical current of the cable is obtained at different bending radii. The analysis results will provide the theoretical basis for cable pipelaying and line relay protection in grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to prepare monodisperse silica mesoporous microspheres with narrow pore size distribution to promote their application in the field of liquid chromatography. An improved emulsion method was used to prepare silica mesoporous microspheres, and the rotary evaporation temperature, emulsification speed, dosage of porogen DMF, and dosage of the catalyst NH3·H2O were optimized. Subsequently, these microspheres were respectively treated by alkali–heating, calcination, and sieving. The D50 (particle size at the cumulative particle size distribution percentage of 50%) of as–prepared silica mesoporous microspheres is 26.3 μm, and the D90/D10 (the ratio of particle size at a cumulative particle size distribution percentage of 90% to a cumulative particle size distribution percentage of 10%) is 1.94. The resultant silica mesoporous microspheres have distinctive pore structures, with a pore volume of more than 1.0 cm3/g, an average pore size of 11.35 nm, and a median pore size of 13.4 nm. The silica mesoporous microspheres with a large particle size, uniform particle size distribution, large average pore size and pore volume, and narrow mesopore size distribution can basically meet the requirements of preparative liquid chromatographic columns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ZnCo2O4@NiCo2S4@PPy core–shell nanosheets material is prepared by directly growing leaf-like ZnCo2O4 nanosheets derived from the metal-organic framework (MOF) on Ni foam (NiF) via chemical bath deposition and annealing methods and then combining with NiCo2S4 and PPy via electrodeposition methods. The special core–shell structure formed by MOF-derived ZnCo2O4, NiCo2S4 and PPy creates a bi-interface, which could significantly promote the contact between electrode and electrolyte, provide more active sites and accelerate electron/ion transfer. And the combination of these three materials also produces a strong synergistic effect, which could further improve the capacitive performance of the electrode. Therefore, the ZnCo2O4@NiCo2S4@PPy/NiF electrode exhibits the maximum areal capacitance (3.75 F cm−2) and specific capacitance (2507.0 F g−1) at 1 mA cm−2 and 0.5 A g−1, respectively. Moreover, its capacitance retention rate is still 83.2% after 5000 cycles. In addition, a coin-type hybrid supercapacitor is assembled and displays a high energy density of 44.15 Wh kg−1 and good cycling performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scheme 1. Synthesis route of ion-imprinted material GOG-RE. [Display omitted] • The imprinted polymer material GOG-RE was synthesized successfully. • The GOG-RE adsorbent has excellent antibacterial and selectivity for uranium. • The maximum theoretical uranium adsorption capacity of GOG-RE was 806.45 mg∙g−1. The project for the uranium adsorption from seawater provides a new idea for acquisition of uranium resources. However, the low concentration of uranium in seawater, the presence of multiple metal ions, and the attachment of microorganisms all affect the adsorption of uranium by the material. To solve these problems, graphene oxide (GO)-based uranium imprinted polymers with antibacterial properties and specific selectivity for uranium were prepared. β-1,3 glucan was selected as the functional monomer for grafting GO, followed by the imprinting process with uranyl ions as the target template. After elution of the target ions by hydrochloric acid, the ion-imprinted polymer was prepared (GOG-RE). The results of ion-competition adsorption experiments showed that the imprinted material had a high adsorption selectivity for uranyl ions, the K d value of 1.28 × 105 mL∙g−1. The calculated maximum adsorption capacity was 806.45 mg·g−1. Antibacterial experiments have proven its significant inhibitory effect on E. coli (Gram-negative), S. Aureus (Gram-positive) and Pseudoalteromonas marina. The above results indicate that GOG-RE has excellent application prospects in the field of uranium adsorption from seawater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extraction of uranium from seawater is of great significance to the development of nuclear energy. Photocatalytic reduction technology offers an innovative solution for the uranium recovery. However, traditional photocatalysts in powder form are limited by recyclable issue. Herein, a constructed novel composite sponge with TiO 2 /CPAN-AO binary photocatalyst that improved performance in uranium recovery from seawater on account of its exceptional photocatalytic performance, high selectivity, and recyclability. In addition, a new adsorption system called "Diffusion-Capture-Anchoring" was developed for photocatalytic reduction of uranyl ions. The removal rate of uranium within 105 min was 98%, when the initial uranium concentration was 100 mg/L. The selectivity and specificity of the material for uranium were established by the addition of interfering cations. Antimicrobial experiment proved that a great inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Pseudoalteromonas xiamenensis (P. xiamenensis). More importantly, the excellent recycling property of the CS/TiO 2 /CPAN-AO was tested via the ten cycles of experiment. As an efficient and recyclable adsorbent, the CS/TiO 2 /CPAN-AO composite sponge demonstrates great potential for extracting uranium from the seawater. [Display omitted] • A new adsorption system called "Diffusion-Capture-Anchoring" was designed for photocatalytic reduction of uranyl ions. • CS/TiO 2 /CPAN-AO exhibited a high photocatalytic reduction efficiency and adsorptive selectivity for uranyl ions. • The removal rate for uranium reached 97% after ten adsorption−desorption cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by the easy availability and modification of fiber-like materials for water treatment and sorption applications, the functionalized natural fiber luffa cylindrica (LC) and synthetic fiber polyacrylonitrile (PAN) have been designed for the uranium adsorption. Seawater desalination brine has a significantly higher concentration of uranyl ion, so it is very meaningful to extract uranyl ions from it. In this paper, the seawater from seawater desalination plant at various treatment stages was collected to evaluate uranium adsorption performance. The effect of flocculant and scale inhibitors on uranium adsorption performance of functional fibers was also studied. The oxime/guanidine co-modified luffa cylindrica fiber (WGLC), guanidine/amidoxime co -modified polyacrylonitrile fiber (PAN-G-AO) and polyethyleneimine modified polyacrylonitrile fiber (PAN-PEI) were synthesized. PAN-G-AO showed excellent uranium capture performance with a high saturation adsorption capacity of 490.20 mg g−1 and rapid adsorption equilibrium at 15 min. Amount of uranium adsorption of three materials declined when flocculant and scale inhibitors were added. The results of adsorption experiments in various stages of seawater desalination solution for 30 days showed that adsorption materials PAN-G-AO had the largest adsorption capacity (18.6 μg g−1) in the concentrated desalinated seawater, which demonstrate promising application potential of the functionalized fiber materials for uranium adsorption from desalinated concentrated seawater. • The WGLC, PAN-G-AO and PAN-PEI were successfully synthesized. • The adsorption capacity was decreased in the presence of scale inhibitors. • The fastest adsorption equilibrium was achieved by PAN-G-AO in the flocculant system. • The PAN-G-AO adsorption capacity in desalinated concentrated seawater was18.60 μg g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Clemastine fumarate promotes autophagy process and facilitates Tau degradation. • Clemastine fumarate makes protective effect on HEK293 cells. • Clemastine fumarate reduces glia activation and protects synapses in hTau mice. • Clemastine fumarate improves cognition functions of hTau mice. Clemastine fumarate, which has been identified as a promising agent for remyelination and autophagy enhancement, has been shown to mitigate Aβ deposition and improve cognitive function in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Based on these findings, we investigated the effect of clemastine fumarate in hTau mice, a different Alzheimer's disease model characterized by overexpression of human Tau protein. Surprisingly, clemastine fumarate was effective in reducing pathological deposition of Tau protein, protecting neurons and synapses from damage, inhibiting neuroinflammation, and improving cognitive impairment in hTau mice. Interestingly, chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, had a significant impact on total and Sarkosyl fractions of autophagy, demonstrating that it can interrupt autophagy. Notably, after administration of chloroquine, levels of Tau protein were significantly increased. When clemastine fumarate was co-administered with chloroquine, the protective effects were reversed, indicating that clemastine fumarate indeed triggered autophagy and promoted the degradation of Tau protein, while also inhibiting further Tauopathy-related neuroinflammation and synapse loss to improve cognitive function in hTau mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel-coated GH3535 alloy is suitable used for molten salt reactor at elevated temperature. However, coating failure caused by inter-diffusion is still problematic. In this study, tantalum and Ni Ta films were deposited as barriers between nickel coating and GH3535 alloy by magnetron sputtering, respectively. The diffusion behaviors of the coatings were investigated by micro-structure analysis and calculation of diffusion coefficient. The results indicate that a Ta barrier can inhibit the diffusion of Cr and Fe due to the formation of Ni 3 Ta phases, but Ni diffusion from the substrate to the barrier is promoted causing the formation of Kirkendall voids. However, a novel Ni Ta barrier exhibits excellent diffusion resistance for Cr, Fe, and Ni in the Ni/GH3535 system at 700 °C. • The diffusion resistance of the Ni Ta DB is significantly better than that of the Ta DB. • Ta DB can inhibit the diffusion of Cr and Fe, but Ni diffusion is promoted. • Ni Ta barrier exhibits excellent diffusion resistance for Cr, Fe, and Ni in the Ni/GH3535 system at 700 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Carbonated wastewater had uniform particles distribution and stable composition. • Cement mixed with carbonated wastewater showed desired fresh and hardened properties. • Calcite in the carbonated wastewater filled the pores of the hardened cement blocks. • Using carbonated wastewater to produce concrete can reduce CO 2 emissions by half. Recycling the concrete washing wastewater (CWW) of ready-mix concrete plants is significantly important for saving hundreds of millions of tons of water and avoiding water and soil pollution. However, to directly recycle CWW to mix fresh concrete is particularly difficult due to its high alkalinity and high solid content with unstable compositions. To respond these challenges, a feasible approach involving carbonation treatment of CWW and subsequent recycling of the carbonized CWW (CCWW) for concrete mixing is proposed in this paper. To this end, the CWW carbonation test was firstly carried out and the compositional analysis showed that the CCWW became a stable suspension with uniform distribution of fine CaCO 3 particles, stable ions contents and neural pH value. The effects of CWW, CCWW and the tap water on the fresh cement pastes hydration and the mechanical and deformation properties of hardened cement pastes were then comparatively analyzed. The results supported that CCWW contributed to the improvement of workability of fresh paste, the increase of strength, the decrease of dry shrinkage and the pore refinement of harden paste. Approximate 16.6 million tons of CO 2 per year was estimated to be captured by this approach wemix concrete plants. Benefiting from the improved mechanical properties and extraordinary CO 2 sequestration capability, recycling CCWW for concrete mixing resulted in nearly half reduction in CO 2 emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract An anti-algae adsorbent Ag-L-Arg-rGH composites were synthesized for removing uranium (VI) from simulated seawater. Abstract Uranium (VI) is very essential element in nuclear technique and the enrichment uranium has attracted lots of attention. In this work, l -Arginine and Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) functionalized reduced graphene oxide ternary hydrogel composites (Ag- l -Arg-rGH) were successfully synthesized, which combined the insertion of AgNPs with one-step thermal reduction and an assembly of graphene oxide nanosheets, using l -Arginine (l -Arg) as both a functional and cross-linking agents. The Ag- l -Arg-rGH composites exhibited great enhanced sorption capacity. Kinetic data best fitted the pseudo-second-order model. The thermodynamic data fitted the Langmuir isotherm model and the calculated maximum adsorption capacity is 434.78 mg/g. In addition, the anti-algae experimental results indicated adsorbent showed marked algal inhibition with the presence of AgNPs in the Ag- l -Arg-rGH composites. In the simulated seawater experiments, The distribution coefficient (K d) value of uranium(VI) with other competing ions was 2.41 × 104 mL g−1. Thereby, the Ag- l -Arg-rGH composites possessed a promising potential for the enrichment uranium (VI) from nature seawater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been applied as biomarkers and better detection of their expression profiles plays important roles in early diagnosis of cancers. In this work, a simple dual-signal amplification strategy has been used to construct a novel nanosensor on single Au nanowire electrodes (SAuNWEs) for miRNA-16 detection based on the "signal-on" and "signal-off" features during hybridization/de-hybridization process. The ferrocene-labeled aptamer capture probe (Fc-CP-16) is designed to hybridize with thiolated methylene blue-labeled DNA probe (MB-CP) on SAuNWE to form duplex DNA, and the addition of miRNA-16 can lead to the dissociation of duplex structure due to the highly matched sequences between miRNA-16 and Fc-CP-16. The remaining MB-CP can thus tend to recover its hairpin structure at the presence of Mg2+ through the hybridization of its complementary sequences. During this hybridization/de-hybridization process, the changes of Fc and MB oxidation peaks can be recorded, and there has a linear relationship between the sum of dual-signal changes (Δ I = Δ I M B + | Δ I F c |) and the logarithm of miRNA-16 concentrations, which can be used to detect miRNA-16. Including miRNA extraction, the dual-signal amplification strategy for miRNA sensing assay was carried out about 2 h for the detection in real samples. This novel nanosensor has small dimension, good selectivity, rapid response and regeneration ability, which can satisfy the need for early cancer marker detection in cells/organelles. Graphical abstract fx1 Highlights • A novel nanosensor fabricated on SAuNWEs for miRNA-16 detection has been developed. • The dual-signal amplification strategy is based on the "signal-on" and "signal-off" features during hybridization/de-hybridization process. • This developed nanosensor should be satisfied to the need for early cancer marker detection at single cell/organelle level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Single Hg nanoelectrodes were fabricated by single nucleation/growth of mercury on single gold nanodisk electrodes. • Pb2+ and Cu2+ could be accumulated and melted with single Hg nanoelectrodes (amalgam formed) through preconcentration step. • A novel nanosensor was established for simultaneous detection of lead and copper with high sensitivity and selectivity. Abstract In this paper, single Hg nanoelectrodes were prepared by single nucleation/growth of mercury on the surface of single gold nanodisk electrodes, which were fabricated by improved laser-assisted pulling method. The nucleation/growth process was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transition electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical method. Pb2+ and Cu2+ could be accumulated and melted with single Hg nanoelectrodes (amalgam formed) through preconcentration step, and then two typical anodic waves would be obtained through square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) method. The peak currents were corresponded to the concentration of Pb2+ and Cu2+, and thus the single Hg nanoelectrodes could be used as a kind of novel nanosensor for simultaneous detection of lead and copper with high sensitivity and selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of experiments were carried out to investigate the breaking regular wave slamming on an offshore wind jacket structure in a wave flume. The breaking wave characteristics, global slamming forces and local pressure distributions are analyzed. The effects of relative location between jacket structure and breaker location, bottom slope, water depth, incident wave period and wave height on the slamming force and pressure distribution of the jacket structure are investigated. The results show that the maximum value of normalized peak pressure and location will be significantly affected by the bottom slope and water depth. Modified empirical formulas are proposed to calculate the slamming force and slamming duration for the offshore wind jacket structure. • Experimental investigations of breaking regular waves slamming on offshore wind jacket structures were performed. • The breaking wave characteristics, global slamming forces and local pressure distributions are investigated. • Modified empirical formulas are proposed to calculate the slamming coefficient and slamming duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics (MPs) are the widespread emerging pollutants in the terrestrial systems, and photo-oxidation is an effective process for aging MPs on land. Here, four common commercial MPs were exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light to simulate the photo-aging of MPs on soil, and the changes in surface properties and eluates of photoaging MPs were studied. Results revealed that polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polystyrene (PS) exhibited more pronounced physicochemical changes than polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) during photoaging on the simulated topsoil, due to the dechlorination of PVC and the debenzene ring of PS. Oxygenated groups accumulated in aged MPs were strongly correlated with dissolved organic matters (DOMs) leaching. Through analysis of the eluate, we found that photoaging altered the molecular weight and aromaticity of DOMs. PS-DOMs showed the greatest increase in humic-like substances after aging, whereas PVC-DOMs exhibited the highest amount of additive leaching. The chemical properties of additives explained their differences in photodegradation responses, which also accounted for the greater importance of chemical structure of MPs to their structural stability. These findings demonstrate that the extensive presence of cracks in aged MPs facilitates DOMs formation and the complexity of DOMs composition poses a potential threat to soil and groundwater safety. [Display omitted] • Photoaging affects commercial MPs and eluent compositions. • PVC and PS-MPs exhibit more pronounced physicochemical changes than PE and PP. • UV irradiation promotes more DOMs leaching from PVC-MPs. • Phenol substances are more susceptible to UV oxidation than humic-like ones. • PVC has the most abundance of additives compared to PS, PE and PP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] T-2 toxin is a hazardous environmental pollutant that poses a risk to both farm animals and humans. Our previous research has reported that T-2 toxin highly induced the expression of human cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), which may be a representative inducible marker of T-2 toxin and mediate the toxicity of T-2 toxin. In this study, we found that T-2 toxin decreased the DNA methylation levels of the CpG islands on the CYP1A1 promoter by inducing the expression of eleven translocation family protein 3 (TET3) and facilitating its binding to the promoter. These DNA methylation changes then generated an activated chromatin structure on the CYP1A1 promoter by releasing the repressor complex methyl-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), increasing the active histone modification markers, including H3K4ac, H3K9ac and H3K14ac, and facilitating RNA pol II and NRF1/Sp1 recruitment, which ultimately led to the transcriptional activation of CYP1A1. Interestingly, TET3-mediated CYP1A1 induction enhanced the cytotoxicity of T-2 toxin through inhibiting cell proliferation. Our results demonstrate that T-2 toxin-induced CYP1A1 expression is detrimental to cells and clearly show how T-2 toxin inhibits cell proliferation through regulating CYP1A1 expression from an epigenetic perspective. The findings broaden our current knowledge of the epigenetic mechanisms regulating environmental factors-induced CYP1A1 expression and cytotoxicity. TET3 may serve as a potential new target for toxicogenic detoxification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, titanate nanotubes/cobalt ferrite/tetraethylenepentamine (TNTs/CoFe 2 O 4 /TEPA) adsorbents were prepared for the adsorption of uranium (VI) from the solution. Its morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and exhibited the uniform well tubular structure. TNTs/CoFe 2 O 4 /TEPA composites were easily separated from solution by an external magnetic field. The removal of uranium (VI) from aqueous solution (ppm level) and simulated seawater (ppb level) were investigated by the TNTs/CoFe 2 O 4 /TEPA composites. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to determine the effect of varying pH, contact time, and reaction temperature. The best fit for uranium (VI) adsorption was obtained with the Langmuir model, and the highest adsorption of TNTs/CoFe 2 O 4 /TEPA composites reached 509.89 mg-U/g-adsorbent at pH 6. From an investigation of the adsorption by XRD, FTIR and XPS, it is suggested that the surface complexation and cation exchange were the main adsorption mechanism. In addition, TNTs/CoFe 2 O 4 /TEPA composites maintained good adsorption properties after five sorption-desorption cycles. Therefore, we conclude that the adsorbents are promising materials for the removal of uranium (VI) from aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A strong barrier of gypsum-Mg(OH) 2 -hydration product attached to the clinker surface. • Mg(OH) 2 has a high surface energy and a strong surface electronegativity. • The MPC has a milder early hydration process. MgSO 4 is usually found in the groundwater or seawater and can influence the early hydration of Portland cement. In this paper, the reaction kinetics of the early hydration of the MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O + Portland cement clinker (MPC) was revealed compared with the CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O + Portland cement clinker (OPC) by means of isothermal calorimetry, chemical shrinkage and solid–liquid phase analysis. The test results indicated that MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O had more pronounced retarding effect on Portland cement clinker hydration than CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O. The MPC system had longer initial time and final time than OPC system. In the initial period and induction period of MPC system, Mg(OH) 2 and CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O precipitated on not only the C 3 A partials but also on the C 3 S partials, and prevented the flash-set of clinker. The early hydration of C 3 A and C 3 S were both retrained by the combined retardation of Mg(OH) 2 , CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O and hydration products, which resulted to a slower hydration rate of MPC than OPC before the deceleration period. The intense hydration of C 3 A and C 3 S were postponed and appeared in the deceleration period of MPC compared with OPC, which ultimately caused a deeper hydration of MPC than OPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers have focused their attention on environment-friendly adsorption materials to solve the energy shortage problem and guarantee the sustainable development of human society. For that matter, pomelo peel, which is a low-cost and universal biomass waste, can be used as an effective carbon source with a large specific surface area. In this paper, a novel composite adsorbent, consisting of a three-dimensional honeycomb-like porous carbon material and MnO2 nanowires (HLPC/MnO2), has been successfully synthesized using alkaline activation followed by a carbonization procedure at high temperatures and in situ growth of MnO2 nanowires. The as-prepared composite was characterized using XRD, FT-IR, XPS, SEM, TEM and BET. The surface area of the HLPC reached 1147.41 m2 g−1. The results of the adsorption experiments show that the highest adsorption value of the HLPC/MnO2 composite was 238.09 mg-U per g-adsorbent at pH 5. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters demonstrate that the removal process correlates well with a Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thus, the HLPC/MnO2 composite is an excellent adsorbent for removing uranium(vi) ions from aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurodegenerative diseases have been a weighty problem in elder people who might be stricken with motor or/and cognition defects with lower life quality urging for effective treatment. Drugs are costly from development to market, so that drug repurposing, exploration of existing drugs for novel therapeutic purposes, becomes a wise and popular strategy to raise new treatment options. Clemastine fumarate, different from anti-allergic effect as H1 histamine antagonist, was screened and identified as promising drug for remyelination and autophagy enhancement. Surprisingly, fumarate salt also has similar effect. Hence, whether clemastine fumarate would make a protective impact on neurodegenerative diseases and what contribution fumarate probably makes are intriguing to us. In this review, we summarize the potential mechanism surrounding clemastine fumarate in current literature, and try to distinguish independent or synergistic effect between clemastine and fumarate, aiming to find worthwhile research direction for neurodegeneration diseases. [Display omitted] • Clemastine fumarate was identified as autophagy activator to dispose of intracellular redundant protein. • Clemastine fumarate has ability to suppress inflammation no matter in peripheral system or central nervous system. • Clemastine fumarate could give oligodendrocytes access to differentiation helping form myelin sheath. • Clemastine fumarate is a hopeful agent for neurodegeneration and deserves further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schematic representation of AL-PNIPAM hydrogels for uranium adsorption and desorption. [Display omitted] • Aminated lignin-based thermo-responsive hydrogels (AL-PNIPAM) was prepared by radical polymerization to remove uranium. • The maximum uranium adsorption capacity of AL-PNIPAM hydrogels reached 285.5 mg·g−1 at 298 K. • AL-PNIPAM hydrogels had the larger K d value (3.82 × 105 mL·g−1) in the simulated seawater. In this work, triethylenetetramine (TETA) functional lignin (AL) has been prepared, and the aminated lignin-based thermo-responsive (AL-PNIPAM) hydrogels were prepared by radical polymerization. AL-PNIPAM hydrogels exhibited a satisfactory adsorption performance for uranium aqueous solution, with a maximum uranium adsorption capacity of 285.5 mg·g−1 at 298 K. The study of adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption model of AL-PNIPAM hydrogels was more consistent with pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, confirming the prominent chemical adsorption of the adsorption process. More importantly, it showed high selectivity towards uranium (VI), and the K d was 3.82 × 105 mL·g−1 in simulated seawater. And uranium (VI) can be effectively desorbed, the best desorption was achieved at 15 °C using dilute nitric acid solution with a maximum resolution efficiency of 76 %. Therefore, AL-PNIPAM hydrogels could be considered as a potential candidate in the field of uranium extraction from seawater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of experiments were carried out to investigate the breaking regular and irregular wave forces on a monopile foundation in a wave flume with a model scale factor of 1:40. Breaking regular wave slamming characteristic was firstly analyzed and comparisons were made between typical plunging and spilling breakers. For the irregular wave conditions, the wave slamming processes were recorded to illustrate the concentration and dissipation of wave energy. The effects of bottom slope, water depth, significant wave height and peak period on the wave slamming force and pressure distribution on the monopile were investigated. The results show that the distribution of maximum wave slamming pressure is affected by the water depth and bottom slope. Multiple harmonic components of the wave slamming force are observed and the predominant harmonic forces are first- and second- order components. The significant wave height and turbulence kinetic energy dissipation have significant effects on the wave slamming forces. A Gaussian distribution formula is proposed to fit the exceedance probability distribution of wave slamming force. Modified empirical formulas are proposed to calculate the wave slamming coefficient for the breaking regular and irregular waves on the monopile. • A series of experimental investigations of breaking regular and irregular waves slamming on a monopile are performed. • Modified empirical formula are proposed to calculate the wave slamming coefficient for the breaking waves. • The distributions of the maximum pressures for plunging and spilling breakers on the monopile are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uranium extraction from seawater provides the new idea for the development of uranium resources. However, the concentration of uranium in seawater is extremely low (∼3.3 μg/L). Meanwhile, there are a large number of competing ions and microorganisms in the seawater. It is a huge challenge to extract uranium from seawater. In this paper, a double network hydrogels material with effective antifouling ability was prepared for highly efficient uranium sorption. First, poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) modified graphene oxide(GO) was prepared (PHMB-GO), and then PHMB-GO was doped into the double network hydrogels structure formed by acrylamide and gelatin in order to obtain (GO-PHMB) 0.4 @Gelatin-PAM, which showed the maximum uranium adsorption capacity reached 625.00 mg∙g−1. More importantly, it exhibited excellent selectivity towards uranium(VI) in the presence of multiple coexisting metal ions in simulated seawater. The K d value for uranium is 1.73 × 104 mL∙g−1, which is far more than other metal ions. The antibacterial and antialgae experiments prove that the adsorption material has a good inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli (E. coli), vibrio vulnificus (V vulnificus) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Therefore, (GO-PHMB) 0.4 @Gelatin-PAM is an outstanding candidate for efficient uranium extraction from seawater. [Display omitted] • Antifouling double network hydrogels doped with polyguanidine-modified GO into Gelatin-PAM were successfully prepared. • The maximum theoretical adsorption capacity of (GO-PHMB) 0.4 @Gelatin-PAM DN hydrogels for uranium was 625.00 mg∙g−1. • The (GO-PHMB) 0.4 @Gelatin-PAM DN hydrogels material had excellent antibacterial and anti-algal properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wide existence of microplastics (MPs) in the terrestrial systems is proved by –many studies, and their presence could potentially change the soil chem-physical properties and processes. Various types of microplastics may have different behaviors, inducing distinct effects on the soil ecosystems. However, the knowledge of microplastic impacts on rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure is limited. In our study, three types of microplastics, i.e., polyethylene (PE), polyvinylchloride (PVC) and polystyrene (PS), with the same particle size (200 µm) and concentration (2%) were used to investigate their influences on the rhizosphere soil bacterial communities. Results revealed that the alpha diversities (richness, evenness and diversity) of microbiota in the rhizosphere soil were variously decreased by the microplastics, especially the PE MPs. The relative abundance of some various phyla and genera related to pollution degradation was miscellaneously increased, indicating that the MPs with different characterizations may have miscellaneous biodegradation pathways. Moreover, the PICRUSt2 analysis demonstrated that PS decreased most functional category levels and led to a decrease of bacterial genus number, however, PE and PVC improved metabolic pathways and xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism. Our findings offer important knowledge of how the microplastics with different characterizations influence rhizosphere soil bacterial communities and their related function. [Display omitted] • Three types of microplastics exhibited different effects on the bacterial diversities and structures. • PE MPs could induce more damage to the rhizosphere soil bacteria richness and diversity than PS and PVC MPs. • The microplastic physical and chemical characterizations could modulate the soil bacterial responses. • PS MPs decreased most functional category levels, leading to a decrease of bacterial genus number. • PE and PVC MPs improved some functional category levels, especially the PVC MPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel rod-like, dual-shell structural adsorbent of polypyrrole/cobalt ferrite/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PPy/CoFe2O4/MWCNTs) was successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method, which could easily separate uranium(vi) ions with an external magnetic field. The structure and morphology of PPy/CoFe2O4/MWCNTs were characterized by VSM, XRD, XPS TEM and FT-IR. The results proved that the dual-shell structure was obtained in which a shell of cobalt ferrite and polypyrrole formed around the MWCNTs core. In batch adsorption experiments, including pH, equilibrium time and temperature on uranium adsorption, were investigated. The main results show that the PPy/CoFe2O4/MWCNTs composite has a higher affinity towards the uptake of uranium(vi) from aqueous solutions. The highest adsorption capacity reached was 148.8 mg U per g at pH 7. A kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption process was best described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The uranium sorption equilibrium data correlated well with the Langmuir sorption isotherm model in the thermodynamic analysis. 0.5 mol per L NaHCO3 was used as the desorbent and good adsorption properties were shown after the desorption procedures were repeated three times. Thus, PPy/CoFe2O4/MWCNTs was an excellent adsorbent for removing uranium(vi) ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia. These diseases are linked with mitochondrial dysfunction, most likely as a consequence of excessive formation of mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). Sirtuin3 (SIRT3), a key mitochondrial NAD+-dependent deacetylase, is critical responsible for mitochondrial functional homeostasis and is highly associated with neuropathology. However, the role of SIRT3 in regulating MAM coupling remains unknown. Methods: Streptozotocin-injected diabetic mice and high glucose-treated SH-SY5Y cells were established as the animal and cellular models, respectively. SIRT3 expression was up-regulated in vivo using an adeno-associated virus in mouse hippocampus and in vitro using a recombinant lentivirus vector. Cognitive function was evaluated using behavioural tests. Hippocampus injury was assessed using Golgi and Nissl staining. Apoptosis was analysed using western blotting and TUNEL assay. Mitochondrial function was detected using flow cytometry and confocal fluorescence microscopy. The mechanisms were investigated using co-immunoprecipitation of VDAC1–GRP75–IP3R complex, fluorescence imaging of ER and mitochondrial co-localisation and transmission electron microscopy of structural analysis of MAMs. Results: Our results demonstrated that SIRT3 expression was significantly reduced in high glucose-treated SH-SY5Y cells and hippocampal tissues from diabetic mice. Further, up-regulating SIRT3 alleviated hippocampus injuries and cognitive impairment in diabetic mice and mitigated mitochondrial Ca2+ overload-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Mechanistically, MAM formation was enhanced under high glucose conditions, which was reversed by genetic up-regulation of SIRT3 via reduced interaction of the VDAC1–GRP75–IP3R complex in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we investigated the therapeutic effects of pharmacological activation of SIRT3 in diabetic mice via honokiol treatment, which exhibited similar effects to our genetic interventions. Conclusions: In summary, our findings suggest that SIRT3 ameliorates cognitive impairment in diabetic mice by limiting aberrant MAM formation. Furthermore, targeting the activation of SIRT3 by honokiol provides a promising therapeutic candidate for diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction. Overall, our study suggests a novel role of SIRT3 in regulating MAM coupling and indicates that SIRT3-targeted therapies are promising for diabetic dementia patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen is crucial in achieving global energy transition and carbon neutrality goals. Existing market estimates typically presume linear or exponential growth but fail to consider how market demand responds to the declining cost of underlying technologies. To address this, this study utilizes a learning curve model to project the cost of electrolyzers and its subsequent impact on hydrogen market, aligning with a premise that the market demand is proportional to the cost of hydrogen. In a case study of China's hydrogen market, projecting from 2020 to 2060, we observed substantial differences in market evolution compared to exponential growth scenarios. Contrary to exponential growth scenarios, China's hydrogen market experiences faster growth during the 2020–2040 period rather than later. Such differences underscore the necessity for proactive strategic planning in emerging technology markets, particularly for those experiencing rapid cost decline, such as hydrogen. The framework can also be extended to other markets by using local data, providing valuable insights to investors, policymakers, and developers engaged in the hydrogen market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the power grid, the cold dielectric hightemperature superconducting (CD HTS) cable frequently subjects to overcurrents caused by the shortcircuit fault. During the fault, a large amount of Joule heat is generated. The heat causes the temperature of the HTS cable to rise and leads to the transition of the HTS cable from superconducting state to normal state which would influence the current carrying capacity of the HTS cable seriously. An algorithm has been proposed to calculate the transient current distributions of superconducting layers in fault conditions. This method couples an equivalent circuit model and a thermal model. So the temperature distributions in HTS cable is obtained based on the heat generated by the fault current. Finally, the current and temperature distributions of a 110 kV/3 kA CD HTS cable are investigated with a fault current impact of 25 kA for 3 s. The results show that the currents of the conducting layers decrease while the temperature increases in the HTS cable and the former withstands most of the fault current impacts. The current in the former of the HTS cable changes from zero to about 90 % of the fault current. A current diversion effect in the HTS cable is obvious. The conclusions provide the basis for the protection strategy of superconducting cable considering fault current impact and will be a benefit to the stable operation of a superconducting transmission grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since high temperature superconducting magnetic energy storage system (HT SMES) has attracted significant attention for their fast response in milliseconds, high efficiency (cyclic efficiency over 95%) and unlimited times of charging and discharging cycles, it can be used for system stabilizing – damping out low frequency power oscillations. A voltage source converter (VSC) based HTS SMES has been optimal designed for achieving a high efficiency and has been constructed by China Electric Power Research Institute (CEPRI). This SMES can store the maximum energy, while for the first time used two states of art high temperature superconductors, YBCO and BSCCO tapes. It has been tested in a 110 kV transmission power system by a dynamic power fluctuation compensation experiment using three different controlling strategies in CEPRI. The experimental output powers with these three strategies are compared and the results show that the SMES can trace the power variation and provide the required power to restrain the power fluctuation in milliseconds successfully. Finally, the application planning of SMES with the equivalent capacity in a practical renewable power system at Zhangbei wind power test base is evaluated by a case study based on the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation. An optimal switch time of the SMES in wind power system is presented using the real transmission parameters of Zhangbei power grid. This study can provide a reference for the demonstration of large-scale SMES systems in renewable power system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption through the unique hollow double shell structure and the synergistic effect of dielectric loss magnetic and loss. [Display omitted] • CoS 2 coated with metal-doped carbon was prepared by a soft template method and wet impregnation method. • The double-layer hollow shell structure is retained after the modification of metal nanoparticles. • Metal doping optimizes the electromagnetic wave loss mechanism of the material. • The RL min is −48.90 dB at 2.23 mm, and the maximum Effective Absorption Bandwidth is 5.04 GHz at 1.98 mm. Tunable designs of polymorphic structured transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) demonstrate promising applications in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption (EMW). However, it remains a technical challenge for achieving a balanced relationship between well-matched impedance characteristics and dielectric losses. Therefore, the co-modification strategies of polydopamine coating and wet impregnation are chosen to construct CoS 2 magnetic double-shell microspheres with phase component modulation to achieve the optimized performance. Dopamine hydrochloride forms a coating on the surface of CoS 2 microspheres by self-polymerization and forms a double-shell structure during the pyrolysis process. Then the different metal is doped to generate heterogeneous components in the process of heat treatment. The results show that the cobalt doped double-shell microspheres have an ultra-high electromagnetic wave absorption absorption capacity with an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.04 GHz (1.98 mm) and a minimum reflection loss value of −48.90 dB. The double-shell layer structure and metal ion hybridization can improve the interfacial polarization and magnetic loss behavior, which provides an explicit inspiration for the development of transition metal dichalcogenide and even transition metal compounds with tunable absorption properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HTS cable is an emerging technology for electricity power transmission. It is very important to set up an accurate and easy-to-build measurement system to characterize HTS cables. In this paper, a novel measurement system has been developed to measure the ac losses for a prototype HTS cable using cancelation coil technique. This system is based on the National Instrument Data Acquisition card. It can also be used to measure the critical current and current distribution in the prototype cable. The prototype cable has been innovatively designed using an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm which is more computationally efficient than conventional methods. The measurement system will be improved further by introducing an elaborate pre-amplifier prior to data collection process and the result will be compared with theoretical calculations for validation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

• 3D macroscopic g-C 3 N 4 sponge have been designed by thermal polymerization. • Thermodynamic analysis was best described by Langmuir model. • The maximum adsorption capacity of MFCN-DETA composites was 658.57 mg/g at pH 6. • MFCN-DETA showed selective U(VI) adsorption from simulated seawater. Uranium is the key fuel for nuclear power and there is 4.5 billion tons of uranium in the oceans. However, it is a significant challenge for the current adsorbent with powder form to extract uranium from seawater. In this study, we report a facile method for the synthesis of three-dimensional macroscopic g-C 3 N 4 sponge from melamine-formaldehyde (MFCN) resin by thermal polymerization, which can easily be extracted from aqueous solution. Different organic amino (diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine and tetraethylenepentamine) modified g-C 3 N 4 sponge composites (MFCN-DETA, MFCN-TETA and MFCN-TEPA) has been designed by schiff base reaction. The uranium adsorption performance of the products from aqueous solutions and simulated seawater was investigated. MFCN, MFCN-DETA and MFCN-TEPA achieved the maximum adsorption capacity at pH 6 and the optimum pH for MFCN-TETA was 5.0. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of MFCN-DETA composites was 658.57 mg/g at pH 6. Furthermore, the MFCN-DETA composites was effectively regenerated using 0.1 N HNO 3 , which could be reused for enrichment of uranium (VI) and the adsorption efficiency could maintain 83% after 5 cycles of adsorption and desorption. The distribution coefficie(K d) value of uranium was 9.1 × 104 mL g−1 for MFCN-DETA in simulating seawater. Thus, MFCN-DETA composites are believed to have promising potential applications in removal of uranium (VI) from seawater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: High-temperature superconducting magnetic energy storage systems (HTS SMES) are an emerging technology with fast response and large power capacities which can address the challenges of growing power systems and ensure a reliable power supply. China Electric Power Research Institute (CEPRI) has developed a kJ-range, 20 kW SMES using two state of art HTS conductors, BSCCO and YBCO tapes. This SMES system is used to compensate a power drop and a fluctuation in order to damp low frequency oscillations to increase stability of a power system. This paper presents an optimized design of the SMES system to achieve a maximum energy capacity. A voltage source converter using IGBTs is built and can be used to control the power flow between the SMES system and external circuits. A control system using a digital signal processor (DSP) and micro-programmed control unit (MCU) is constructed. SVPWM pulse modulation is used as a control strategy. The whole system was experimentally tested for compensation of power fluctuation within milliseconds in a dynamic power system simulation laboratory. The result validates the design and control circuit, and more importantly, the application capability of SMES systems in a power grid. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Z-scheme heterojunction ZnS/WO 3 composites were constructed for the photocatalytic reduction of U(VI). Explain U(VI) reduction process electron transfer paths and reveal band regulation mechanism. [Display omitted] • ZnS/WO 3 composites displayed excellent reduction performance toward UO 2 2+ under sunlight. • The in-situ monitoring experiment were innovatively applied to photocatalytic reduction of U(VI). • The mechanism of band regulation was discussed. • Over 95 % extraction efficiency was achieved with the extraction capacity of 1.52 g/g. In the present research, ZnS/WO 3 composites were prepared by coprecipitation method to construct the Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst with high efficiency electron separation for the photocatalytic reduction of U(VI). Compared with WO 3 and ZnS, the visible light absorption, photoreduction ability and photocatalytic activity of ZnS/WO 3 composites were improved. The ZnS/WO 3 composites show higher photoreduction U(VI) performance under visible light irradiation with the maximum extraction capacity of U(VI) at 1.52 g g−1. The ZnS/WO 3 composites exhibit high uranium reduction ability under natural light with removal efficiency reaching 93.4 %. In-situ monitoring experiments and DFT calculations were designed to explore the mechanism and pathway of photoelectron transfer in the reduction process from U(VI) to U(IV). The results show that ZnS/WO 3 has an internal electric field to form a Z-scheme electron transfer, and uranium reduction is a dual-electron transfer pathway. In addition, the band gap regulation mechanism of binary composite semiconductor materials is deeply discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uranyl ions are captured and diffused to the surface of the material by the specific capture of amidoxime group, and then reduced by photogenerated electrons, converted to tetravalent uranium, and then fall off from the material. [Display omitted] Amidoxime-based materials have made a great contribution to the selective adsorption process in the extraction of uranium from seawater. However, traditional adsorbents with amidoxime groups are limited by adsorption capacity and adsorption rate, which greatly hinder the development of uranium extraction from seawater. Based on this, we combined the amidoxime group with carbon nitride to synthesize the amidoxime group carbon nitride (NCN-AO), which is rich in nitrogen defects. Compared with ordinary carbon nitride (CN), NCN-AO has better selectivity and uranium reduction ability. In the process of extracting uranium from seawater, soluble hexavalent uranium (U(VI)) can be reduced to insoluble tetravalent uranium (U(IV)), to achieve high-efficiency extraction of uranium. The removal rate of uranium by NCN-AO in 100 mg/L uranium solution is 99 %, and NCN-AO has specific and selective adsorption of uranium. The band structure, density of states (DOS), highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of NCN-AO were calculated by Density Functional Theory (DFT) method, and adsorption reduction occurred on the surface and interface of NCN-AO. The above results show that NCN-AO may be a promising material for extracting uranium from seawater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• IRE1α–XBP1 signaling functions in brain physiology. • Crosstalk between IRE1α–XBP1 signaling and other signaling is context specific. • Dual role of IRE1α–XBP1 signaling within and among neurodegenerative diseases. • Possible pharmacological targets of the IRE1α–XBP1 axis. The prevalence of neurodegenerative disease has increased as an outcome of the aging population, and effective clinical treatments for such diseases are lacking. Endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction has been identified as a causative factor in various neurological disorders. The inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α)–X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) signaling pathway is the most conserved branch of the unfolded protein response, functioning in both physiological and pathological processes. The modulation of IRE1α–XBP1 signaling via genetic manipulation or drug administration has opposite effects in multiple disease models of neurodegeneration, indicating the complex and heterogeneous role of IRE1α–XBP1 signaling among neurodegenerative diseases and even at different stages within the same disease. Herein, we focus on the multifaceted nature of IRE1α–XBP1 signaling and provide a detailed overview of the latest findings regarding its biological relevance in brain physiology and neurodegenerative disease pathobiology. Moreover, the possible pharmacological targets in the IRE1α–XBP1 axis are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]