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A new Nudariina genus, Processuridia S.-Y. Huang & Volynkin gen. n. is erected for two new species described herein: Processuridia thangka S.-Y. Huang & Volynkin sp. n. from southeastern Xizang, southwestern China and P. oreas Volynkin & S.-Y. Huang sp. n. from southeastern Yunnan, southwestern China and Mt. Fansipan, northern Vietnam, with P. thangka sp. n. as the type species of the genus. Based on molecular phylogenetic analysis, the new genus is found to be sister to the clade (Asuridia Hampson + Disasuridia Fang), but it can be easily distinguished from both genera by the unique wing pattern and genitalia features. Adults and genitalia of the aforementioned taxa are illustrated.

Agalope dejeani Oberthür, 1893 (Figs 26, 27, 52) Agalope dejeani Oberthür, 1893: 20, pl. 2, fig. 24; Yen et al. 2005: 288. Material examined. 2 males, 6.VII.2016, Jinchuan County, Aba Tibetan & Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, P. R. China, Hao Huang leg., slide JCAG1 (CHSY); 1 male, 14.VII.1994, 2600 m, 20 km E. of Barkam, Qionglai Shan, N.-W. Sichuan, China, G.C. Bozano leg. (ZFMK). Distribution. Northwestern Sichuan Province, P. R. China., Published as part of Huang, Si-Yao, Zhu, Li-Juan, Chen, En-Yong, Xu, Yong-Qiang, Wang, Min, Fan, Xiao-Ling, Pan, Zhao-Hui & Espeland, Marianne, 2022, Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Agalope Walker from mainland China with descriptions of four new species (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae, Chalcosiinae), pp. 557-574 in Zootaxa 5165 (4) on page 569, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6854078, {"references":["Oberthur, C. (1893) Lepidopteres d'Asie. Etudes d'entomologie, 18, 11 - 45, pls. 2 - 6. [in French]","Yen, S. H., Robinson, G. S. & Quicke, D. L. J. (2005) The phylogenetic relationships of Chalcosiinae (Lepidoptera, Zygaenoidea, Zygaenidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 143, 161 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2005.00139. x"]}

Agalope jianqingi S.-Y. Huang sp. n. (Figs 29, 53, 55) Type material. Holotype: male, 14.V.2009, Pianma Town, Lushui City, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, P. R. China, Jian-qing Zhu leg., slide PMAG1 (CHSY, will be subsequently deposited in ZFMK). Diagnosis. Length of forewing 19. 3 mm. Agalope jianqingi sp. n. is reminiscent of A. primularis Butler, 1875 (Figs 30, 54, 56) from Eastern Nepal and Northeastern India for sharing a similar 8 th tergite, which bears two narrow and slender processes, whereas in other congeners these processes are thick and stout or absent (Owada 1992; Horie 1993; Owada & Horie 2000), but it can be immediately distinguished from A. primularis by the combination of the following characters: 1) male forewing ground color is creamy white instead of yellow in A. primularis; 2) posterior tegumenal projection is much broader and longer; 3) notch between the lobes of juxta is wider and deeper; 4) valva is more slender, with the distal part longer and 5) aedeagus shorter and broader. Distribution. Known from Pianma Town (Fig. 62) located at the border of China and Myanmar in Western Yunnan, P. R. China. Etymology. The specific epithet jianqingi is dedicated to the Chinese entomologist Mr. Jian-qing Zhu, a friend of the first author and an expert in the taxonomy of Hesperiidae.

Agalope lucia Oberthür, 1923 (Figs 21–25, 51, 61) Agalope lucia Oberthür, 1923: 207; Yen et al. 2005: 289. Type material examined. Syntype of Agalope lucia Oberthür, 1923: female, printed white label “Tsekou, R. P. Dubernard, 1895”/ printed white label “Ex Oberthür Coll., Brit. Mus. 1927-3”/ handwriting label “agalope lucia Obthr ”/ rounded label with blue ring “ SYNTYPE ” (NHMUK). Additional specimens examined: 2 females, 28.VII.2021, Bingzhongluo, Gongshan County, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, P. R. China, Si-yao Huang leg., slide GSAG3 (CHSY); 3 females, 4.VIII.2021, Gongshan County, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, P. R. China, Si-yao Huang leg. (CHSY); 1 male, 17.VII.2018, Samage, Weixi County, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, P. R. China, Shi-fang Mo & Zhi-peng Miu leg., slide AG03 (SCAU); 1 male, 30.VII.2018, Badi, Weixi County, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, P. R. China, Hao Huang leg., AG04 (CHSY). Distribution. Known from Northwestern and Western Yunnan (Fig. 63), P. R. China. Remarks. Agalope lucia was described based on an uncertain number of females collected from Tsekou, Northwestern Yunnan (Now Cigu Village, Deqin County, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, P. R. China), and subsequently included in the A. pica species-group by Yen et al. (2005). However, after the discovery of the previously unknown male, this enigmatic species turns out to be a close relative of A. dejeani (Figs 26, 27, 52), distributed in Northwestern Sichuan, due to the presence of small, narrow and smooth posterior tegumenal projection in the male genitalia. Hence A. lucia is excluded from the A. pica species-group and included in the A. bieti species-group. Agalope lucia can be easily distinguished from A. dejeani by the following characters in male (the female of A. dejeani is unknown): 1) forewing base without an additional basal band, while present in A. dejeani; 2) hindwing more blackish in dorsum and marginal area; 3) distal lobes of juxta broader at the tip; notch between the two lobes narrower and deeper, 4) valvae slightly narrower subapically, the distal saccular process significantly shorter and 5) aedeagus slender., Published as part of Huang, Si-Yao, Zhu, Li-Juan, Chen, En-Yong, Xu, Yong-Qiang, Wang, Min, Fan, Xiao-Ling, Pan, Zhao-Hui & Espeland, Marianne, 2022, Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Agalope Walker from mainland China with descriptions of four new species (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae, Chalcosiinae), pp. 557-574 in Zootaxa 5165 (4) on page 569, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6854078, {"references":["Oberthur, C. (1923) Lepidopteres de la Region Sino-Thibetaine. Etudes de. Lepidopterologie Comparee, 20, 199 - 211. [in French]","Yen, S. H., Robinson, G. S. & Quicke, D. L. J. (2005) The phylogenetic relationships of Chalcosiinae (Lepidoptera, Zygaenoidea, Zygaenidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 143, 161 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2005.00139. x"]}

The Agalope pica species-group Species included: Agalope aurelia Oberthür, 1923, A. chayuensis S.-Y. Huang & Pan sp. n., A. haoi S.-Y. Huang sp. n., A. owadai S.-Y. Huang sp. n., A. pica Wileman, 1910, A. trimacula Matsumura, 1927, A. wangi Owada, 1992. Diagnosis. The A. pica species-group differs from the other species-groups, except the A. bieti species-group, by the combination of the following characters: 1) forewing costa usually with an orange-colored spot at the base, forewing with two transverse bands of various shapes from costa to dorsum or vein 1A+2A, 2) in male genitalia, uncus narrow and tongue-shaped and the posterior tegumenal projection plate-like, broad, and rugose on the surface. From the A. bieti species-group, the A. pica species-group can be distinguished by the structure of the posterior tegumenal projection arising from the inner margin of tegumen, which is broad and rugose in the A. pica species-group, while that is narrow and smooth in the A. bieti species-group. Moreover, in the A. pica species-group the posterior part of the medial band of forewing is usually more or less situated in a line with the anterior part, while in the A. bieti species-group the posterior part of the medial band is clearly shifting inwards (except for A. bieti (Oberthür, 1886)). The female genitalia of these two species-groups share the same ground plan and do not show significant differences. External morphology of adult. Forewing length 18–27 mm in males and 16–27 mm in females. Antennae bipectinate with longer rami in males and shorter ones in females. Head, thorax and abdomen nearly glabrous, with abdomen sometimes covered by thin piliform scales dorsally. Both wings thinly scaled and transparent. Forewing upperside ground color varying from greyish white to pale yellow, with base marked with orange and transverse bands presenting in antemedial and medial zone, in certain species an additional basal band present. Veins usually darkened especially for postmedial area. Hindwing upperside usually darkened at margin. Veins usually darkened. Male genitalia. Uncus broad at base, its distal part tongue-shaped, narrow and thick, with tip flat or slightly bilobed. Tegumen broad with rounded margins. Posterior tegumenal projection plate-like, broad and rugose on the surface. Vinculum narrow. Saccus broad U-shaped and rounded. Juxta elongated, uni- or bilobed distally, with distal part of the lobe covered by spinules on the surface and lateral margins in some species. Valvae slender, costa strongly sclerotized in the outer half; sacculus strongly sclerotized thoroughly, distal saccular process spiniform, pointed outwards. Aedeagus narrow, broader at base and gradually narrowed towards distal end. Female genitalia. Papillae anales slender. Apophysis posterioris longer than apophysis anterioris, both strongly sclerotized. Eighth tergite partially well-sclerotized and formed a triangular plate. Ostium bursae narrow and rounded. Ductus bursae narrow and membranous. Corpus bursae pyriform, membranous. Signa paired, strongly or weakly sclerotized, covered by spinules at the surface. Distribution. Southeastern Xizang and Western and Northwestern Yunnan, mainland China and Taiwan island (Fig. 68)., Published as part of Huang, Si-Yao, Zhu, Li-Juan, Chen, En-Yong, Xu, Yong-Qiang, Wang, Min, Fan, Xiao-Ling, Pan, Zhao-Hui & Espeland, Marianne, 2022, Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Agalope Walker from mainland China with descriptions of four new species (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae, Chalcosiinae), pp. 557-574 in Zootaxa 5165 (4) on pages 558-562, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6854078, {"references":["Oberthur, C. (1923) Lepidopteres de la Region Sino-Thibetaine. Etudes de. Lepidopterologie Comparee, 20, 199 - 211. [in French]","Wileman, A. E. (1910) Some new Lepidoptera-Heterocera from Formosa. Entomologist, 43 (566), 189 - 193.","Matsumura, S. (1927) New species and subspecies of moths from the Japanese Empire. Journal of the College of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University, 19 (1), 1 - 91, pls. 1 - 5.","Owada, M. (1992) The chalcosiine moths of Agalope (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae) from Taiwan, with notes on allied genera. Japanese Journal of Entomology, Tokyo, 60, 85 - 95.","Oberthur, C. (1886) Nouveaux Lepidopteres du Thibet. Etudes d'entomologie, 11, 13 - 38, pls. 1 - 7. [in French]","Owada, M. & Horie, K. (2000) The genus Agalope (s. str.) (Zygaenidae, Chalcosiinae) from the Himalayas and the Indo-Chinese Peninsula. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. Part 6. Japan Heterocerist's Society, Tokyo, pp. 1 - 8, pl. 161."]}

The Agalope bieti species-group Species included: A. basiflava (Moore, 1879b), A. bieti (Oberthür, 1886), A. dejeani Oberthür, 1893, A. lucia Oberthür, 1923. Diagnosis. See above in the diagnosis of the A. pica species-group. Remarks. Within the A. bieti species-group, A. bieti (Fig. 28) is different from its two Chinese congeners, A. dejeani and A. lucia by the posterior part of the antemedial and medial bands not bent inwards but straightly reaching the dorsum instead. The feature in fact, fits well with that of certain species in the A. pica species-group, e. g. A. haoi sp. n. In addition, the externally similar A. haoi sp. n. described above is a member of A. pica species-group without any doubt, so there is a possibility that A. bieti should also be assigned to A. pica species-group. However, this conclusion can only be asserted after examining the genitalia of A. bieti. Distribution. Northern India and Southwestern China (Fig. 68)., Published as part of Huang, Si-Yao, Zhu, Li-Juan, Chen, En-Yong, Xu, Yong-Qiang, Wang, Min, Fan, Xiao-Ling, Pan, Zhao-Hui & Espeland, Marianne, 2022, Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Agalope Walker from mainland China with descriptions of four new species (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae, Chalcosiinae), pp. 557-574 in Zootaxa 5165 (4) on pages 567-568, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6854078, {"references":["Moore, F. (1879 b) Description of new Genera and Species of Asiatic Lepidoptera Heterocera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1879, 387 - 417, pls. 32 - 34.","Oberthur, C. (1886) Nouveaux Lepidopteres du Thibet. Etudes d'entomologie, 11, 13 - 38, pls. 1 - 7. [in French]","Oberthur, C. (1893) Lepidopteres d'Asie. Etudes d'entomologie, 18, 11 - 45, pls. 2 - 6. [in French]","Oberthur, C. (1923) Lepidopteres de la Region Sino-Thibetaine. Etudes de. Lepidopterologie Comparee, 20, 199 - 211. [in French]","Horie, K. (1993) Zygaenidae. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. Part 2. Japan Heterocerist's Society, Tokyo, pp. 1 - 4."]}

Agalope chayuensis S.-Y. Huang & Pan sp. n. (Figs 5–7, 34–36) Type material. Holotype: male, 1.VIII.2017, Longgu Village, Chayu County, Linzhi City, Xizang Autonomous Region, P. R. China, leg. Jing-kuo Hu, slide STS-34878 (TAAHU). Paratypes: 2 males, same data as the holotype, slides STS-34879 & STS-34880 (TAAHU). Diagnosis. Length forewing 24.4–27.3 mm in male (27.3 mm in holotype). Agalope chayuensis sp. n. is reminiscent of A. pica (Figs 8–10, 37, 38) from Taiwan, but it can be easily distinguished from the latter by the combination of the following characters: 1) size larger, length of forewing 24.4–27.3 mm against 20.4–23.3 mm in A. pica; 2) apex of forewing is somewhat protruding outwards, while in A. pica it is more rounded; 3) darkish pattern on forewing is pale blackish brown, less contrasting with the pale ground color, while in A. pica the darkish pattern is deeper and more contrasting; 4) antemedial band on forewing is more regular and intact, while that in A. pica is irregular and often broken; 5) uncus is slightly broader; 6) branches of the basal part of the uncus is shorter (indicated by arrow in both species in Figs. 34–38). Agalope chayuensis sp. n. is also similar to A. aurelia (Figs 16–20, 43, 44, 49, 50, 60) from Western Yunnan, China and A. owadai sp. n. (Figs 11–15, 39–42, 45–48, 59) from Bomi and Jiali Counties, Xizang, China described below by sharing similar forewing shape and transverse bands on forewing upperside, but it can be easily distinguished from both species by the shape of the juxta, which is smooth, spade-like and not bifurcate, similar to that of A. pica, while in A. aurelia and A. owadai sp. n. it is clearly bifurcate apically and each lobe is covered by spinules. Female unknown. Distribution. Known from Chayu County (Fig. 66) in SE Xizang, P. R. China. Etymology. The specific epithet chayuensis is derived from the type locality, Chayu County.

The Agalope hyalina species-group Species included: Agalope hyalina (Kollar, 1844), A. butleri Owada & Horie, 2000, A. formosana Matsumura, 1927, A. grandis Mell, 1922, A. harutai Horie in Owada & Horie, 2000, A. jianqingi S.-Y. Huang sp. n., A. kishidaograndis Owada & Horie, 2000, A. mineti Owada in Owada & Horie, 2000, A. primularis Butler, 1875, A. suzukikojii Horie in Owada & Horie, 2000. Diagnosis. The A. hyalina species-group is characterized by the combination of the following characters: 1) forewing base orange or ochreous, usually with one diffused transverse band at discal area, extending from the costa through the discal cell and reaching the dorsum, 2) 8 th tergite with its posterior part bifurcate (except for A. formosana), 3) uncus broad and triangular and 4) posterior tegumenal projection narrow and rod-like, smooth on the surface. External morphology of adult. Forewing length approximately 17–28 mm in males and 17.5– 30 mm in females. Antennae bipectinate with longer rami in males and shorter ones in females. Head, thorax and abdomen thinly-scaled. Both wings thinly-scaled and translucent. Ground color of forewing varying from creamy white to yellow with orange-marked forewing base and one transverse band in the medial zone, usually diffused. Veins darkened. Ground color of hindwing creamy white or greyish white. Veins sometimes darkened. Male genitalia. Uncus broad at base and gradually narrowed towards tip with distal end rounded. Tegumen broad with rounded margins. Posterior tegumenal projection rod-like, narrow and smooth on the surface. Vinculum narrow. Saccus rounded, U-shaped. Juxta U-shaped. Valvae relatively broad and short, strongly sclerotized; distal end usually plate-like, covered by spinules, and sometimes developed into a projection, smooth or spiny. Aedeagus simple and slender. Female genitalia. Similar to those of the A. pica species-group described above. Distribution. Northwestern Himalaya through Western, Southern and Eastern China to Northern Indochina and Taiwan island (Fig. 68)., Published as part of Huang, Si-Yao, Zhu, Li-Juan, Chen, En-Yong, Xu, Yong-Qiang, Wang, Min, Fan, Xiao-Ling, Pan, Zhao-Hui & Espeland, Marianne, 2022, Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Agalope Walker from mainland China with descriptions of four new species (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae, Chalcosiinae), pp. 557-574 in Zootaxa 5165 (4) on pages 569-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6854078, {"references":["Kollar, V. (1844) In: Kollar, V. & Redtenbacher, L. (1844) Aufzahlung und Beschreibung der von Freiherr C. v. Hugel auf seiner Reise durch Kaschmir und das Himaleygebirge gesammelten Insekten. In: Hugel, F. C. (Ed.), Kaschmir und das Reich der Siek, 4, 393 - 564, pls. 1 - 28. [in German]","Owada, M. & Horie, K. (2000) The genus Agalope (s. str.) (Zygaenidae, Chalcosiinae) from the Himalayas and the Indo-Chinese Peninsula. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. Part 6. Japan Heterocerist's Society, Tokyo, pp. 1 - 8, pl. 161.","Matsumura, S. (1927) New species and subspecies of moths from the Japanese Empire. Journal of the College of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University, 19 (1), 1 - 91, pls. 1 - 5.","Mell, R. (1922) Neue sudchinesische Lepidoptera. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, 1922, 113 - 129. [in German] https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 48019220111","Butler, A. G. (1875) Descriptions of several new Species of Indian Heterocerous Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1875, 391 - 393.","Owada, M. (1992) The chalcosiine moths of Agalope (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae) from Taiwan, with notes on allied genera. Japanese Journal of Entomology, Tokyo, 60, 85 - 95."]}

Agalope haoi S.-Y. Huang sp. n. (Figs 1, 2, 31, 57) Type material. Holotype: male, 16. VIII. 2018, Pantiange, Weixi County, Yunnan Province, P. R. China, leg. Hao Huang, slide ZSY220 (CHSY, will be subsequently deposited in ZFMK). Paratype: 1 female, same locality and collector as the holotype, but 3.VIII.2018, slide ZSY221 (CHSY). Diagnosis. Length of forewing 21. 3 mm in male (holotype) and 17. 8 mm in female (paratype). Agalope haoi sp. n. is reminiscent of A. wangi (Figs 3, 4, 32, 33, 58) from Taiwan island and A. bieti (Fig. 28) from Ta-tsien-lu (currently surroundings of Kangding City, Western Sichuan, China), but it can be easily distinguished from the former by the combination of the following characters: 1) antemedial and medial bands of the forewing are well-developed, straight, broader near costa and gradually narrowing towards dorsum, while both bands are narrower and obsolete in A. wangi; 2) discal area of the hindwing is whitish, while it is brownish in A. wangi; 3) uncus is shorter and narrower, posterior tegumenal projection slightly narrower, and juxta bilobed at the distal end, while in A. wangi the distal end of juxta is flat; 4) in female genitalia the 8 th tergite is much narrower and band-like (indicated by arrow in Fig. 57) and the ductus bursae is shorter, while in A. wangi the 8 th tergite is broader (indicated by arrow in Fig. 58) and triangular-shaped, and the ductus bursae is longer. From A. bieti, A. haoi sp. n. can be distinguished by the combination of the following characters: 1) antemedial and medial bands of forewing are thinner especially in the posterior part; 2) hindwing upperside is more whitish, while it is darker and diffused with much more blackish-brown scales in A. bieti; 3) distal end of juxta is bilobed and V-shaped, while that of juxta is truncate and with concave distal margin in A. bieti (according to Yen et al. 2005). Distribution. Known from Weixi County in Northwestern Yunnan province, P. R. China. Etymology. The specific epithet haoi is dedicated to the collector of the type series, Mr. Hao Huang. Remarks. Although the forewing pattern of the new species is quite similar to that of A. bieti, and thus the possibility of conspecificity exists, we still classify them as two species. Apart from the morphological differences stated above, the geographical distribution pattern of A. bieti and A. haoi sp. n. is very much similar to that of A. lucia and A. dejeani Oberthür, 1893 (Fig. 68), with one found in Western Sichuan and another found in Western or Northwestern Yunnan, both restricted in relatively high altitude. Interestingly, the external differences of A. haoi sp. n. and A. bieti also well correspond with those between A. lucia (Figs 21–25) and A. dejeani (Figs 26, 27), with one paler and the other one darker. Since the latter two have turned out to be two distinct species, this should be the same for A. haoi sp. n. and A. bieti due to the isolation in different high mountainous regions., Published as part of Huang, Si-Yao, Zhu, Li-Juan, Chen, En-Yong, Xu, Yong-Qiang, Wang, Min, Fan, Xiao-Ling, Pan, Zhao-Hui & Espeland, Marianne, 2022, Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Agalope Walker from mainland China with descriptions of four new species (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae, Chalcosiinae), pp. 557-574 in Zootaxa 5165 (4) on page 562, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6854078, {"references":["Yen, S. H., Robinson, G. S. & Quicke, D. L. J. (2005) The phylogenetic relationships of Chalcosiinae (Lepidoptera, Zygaenoidea, Zygaenidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 143, 161 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2005.00139. x","Oberthur, C. (1893) Lepidopteres d'Asie. Etudes d'entomologie, 18, 11 - 45, pls. 2 - 6. [in French]"]}

Agalope owadai S.-Y. Huang sp. n. (Figs 11–15, 39–42, 45–48, 59) Type material. Holotype: male, 27.VII.2021, 96°9′43″E, 29°42′28″N, altitude 3177 m, Songzong Town, Bomi County, Linzhi City, Xizang Autonomous Region, P. R. China, slide ZSY222 (CHSY, will be subsequently deposited in SCAU). Paratype: 20 males, same data as the holotype, slide BMAG1 (CHSY); 1 male, 27.VII.2017, Taohuagou (Peach flower Valley), Bomi County, Linzhi City, Xizang Autonomous Region, P. R. China, Fu-hong Wei & Shi-fang Mo leg. (SCAU); 6 males, 5 females, 20.VII.2021, Tongmai, Bomi County, Linzhi City, Xizang Autonomous Region, P. R. China, Xue-wen Zhao leg., slides TMAG1 (male) and TMAG2 (female) (CHSY); 3 males, 10.VIII.2018, Zhongyu Town, Jiali County, Naqu City, Xizang Autonomous Region, P. R. China, slides JLAG1 & JLAG2 (CHSY). Diagnosis. Length forewing 21.5–25.8 mm in male (25.6 mm in holotype) and 25–28.7 mm in female. In general A. owadai sp. n. is reminiscent of A. aurelia (Figs 16–20, 43, 44, 49, 50, 60) from Yunnan, China, but it can be easily distinguished from the latter by the combination of the following characters: 1) darkish pattern of forewing from the postmedial to marginal section of the wing is paler and less contrasting with the ground color; 2) lobes of the bifurcate juxta are covered by larger spinules laterally and dorsally (Figs 45–48); while in A. aurelia they are covered by smaller spinules laterally and much lesser and smaller ones dorsally (Figs 49, 50); 3) aedeagus is significantly more slender medially and distally; 4) corpus bursae is much smaller with signa weakly sclerotized, smaller and obsolete, while in A. aurelia the corpus bursae is much larger with signum strongly sclerotized, larger and prominent. Agalope owadai sp. n. is also superficially similar to A. chayuensis sp. n. described above and the comparison has been made in the diagnosis of the former species. Distribution. Known from Bomi (Fig. 67) and Jiali Counties in Southeastern and Eastern Xizang, P. R. China. Etymology. The specific epithet owadai is dedicated to the Japanese lepidopterologist Dr. Mamoru Owada, who is also an expert in the taxonomy of Chalcosiinae and encouraged the first author to continue his study on this intriguing subfamily. Remarks. Individual variation in the male genitalia of A. owadai sp. n. has been observed in the depth of the notch at the distal end of uncus and juxta, length of the juxta and the distal saccular process as well as the size and shape of posterior tegumenal projection. However, externally these individuals are uniform in wing pattern, and the aedeagi are also rather constant, which lead us to consider all of them conspecific., Published as part of Huang, Si-Yao, Zhu, Li-Juan, Chen, En-Yong, Xu, Yong-Qiang, Wang, Min, Fan, Xiao-Ling, Pan, Zhao-Hui & Espeland, Marianne, 2022, Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Agalope Walker from mainland China with descriptions of four new species (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae, Chalcosiinae), pp. 557-574 in Zootaxa 5165 (4) on page 565, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6854078

Agalope aurelia Oberthür, 1923 (Figs 16–20, 43, 44, 49, 50, 60) Agalope aurelia Oberthür, 1923: 206; Yen et al. 2005: 288. Type material examined. Syntypes of Agalope aurelia Oberthür, 1923: male, printed white label “ Bahand (Now Baihanluo Village located in the Nujiang valley at the north of Gongshan County, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, P. R. China), Yunnan, Recu du Pere Ouvrard, Missionaire apostol., a Oui-si ou Wei-si, Yunnan, Chine, en janvier, 1917”/ printed white label “ Coll. Ch. Oberthür. ”/ handwriting label “agalope aurelia Obthr ”/ rounded label with blue ring “ SYNTYPE ” (NHMUK); female, printed white label “Bahand, Yunnan, Recu du Pere Ouvrard, Missionaire apostol., a Oui-si ou Wei-si, Yunnan, Chine, en janvier, 1917”/ printed white label “Ex Oberthür Coll., Brit. Mus. 1927-3”/ rounded label with blue ring “ SYNTYPE ” (NHMUK). Additional specimens examined: 4 males, 3.VIII.2021, Bingzhongluo, Gongshan County, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, P. R. China, Si-yao Huang leg., slide GSAG1 (CHSY); 3 males, 4.VIII.2021, Gongshan County, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, P. R. China, Si-yao Huang leg., slide GSAG2 (CHSY); 1 female, 10.VII.2015, Xianghong, Dulongjiang, Gongshan County, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, P. R. China, Chao Wu leg., slide DLJAG1 (CHSY). Distribution. Known from Nujiang and Dulongjiang valleys of Western Yunnan, P. R. China (Figs 64, 68). Biology. In Nujiang valley, males were observed resting on leaves under shade of trees (Fig. 65) or flying in daytime near edge of the forest or along the river-side at altitude around 2700 m. Remarks. The basal band on forewing upperside of both sexes can vary from absent to well-developed as the blackish brown scales on anal angle of hindwing in males., Published as part of Huang, Si-Yao, Zhu, Li-Juan, Chen, En-Yong, Xu, Yong-Qiang, Wang, Min, Fan, Xiao-Ling, Pan, Zhao-Hui & Espeland, Marianne, 2022, Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Agalope Walker from mainland China with descriptions of four new species (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae, Chalcosiinae), pp. 557-574 in Zootaxa 5165 (4) on pages 565-567, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6854078, {"references":["Oberthur, C. (1923) Lepidopteres de la Region Sino-Thibetaine. Etudes de. Lepidopterologie Comparee, 20, 199 - 211. [in French]","Yen, S. H., Robinson, G. S. & Quicke, D. L. J. (2005) The phylogenetic relationships of Chalcosiinae (Lepidoptera, Zygaenoidea, Zygaenidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 143, 161 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2005.00139. x"]}

Barsine germana (Rothschild, 1913) (Figs 13–18, 31, 32, 43, 44) Miltochrista germana Rothschild 1913: 214 (type locality: [India, Meghalaya, the Khasi Hills] “ Khasia Hills, Assam ”). Barsine germana: Joshi, N. Singh & Volynkin, 2018: 464, figs 19, 20, 32, 41; Volynkin et al. 2019: 68; Volynkin et al, 2020: 109, figs 1–10, 21–24, 29, 30. = Barsine valvalis Kaleka 2003: 97, figs A, 12–19 (type locality: [India] “ Assam: North Cachar Hills, Jatinga ”). = Barsine thomasi Kaleka 2003: 100, figs B, 25–32 (type locality: [India, Uttarakhand] “ Uttar Pradesh: Kempty falls ”). Material examined. CHINA. 2 males, altitude 1390 m, 4. X. 2010, 96K, Motuo County, Xizang Autonomous Prefecture, Hai-ming Xu leg. (Coll. SCAU); 1 male, 1 female, 25. IX. 2018, Beibeng Town, Motuo County, Xizang Autonomous Prefecture (Coll. SCAU); 1 male, 1 female, altitude 850 m, 24. VI. 1983, Beibeng Town, Motuo County, Xizang Autonomous Prefecture, Yin-heng Han leg., IOZ (E) 346975 (male), IOZ (E) 346909 (female) (Coll. IZCAS); 1 male, 1 female, same locality and collector, but 15. VI. 1983, IOZ (E) 346910 (female) IOZ (E) 346911 (male) (Coll. IZCAS); 1 female, same locality and collector, but 30. V. 1983, IOZ (E) 346912 (female) (Coll. IZCAS); INDIA. 1 male, Khasis, Oct. 1896, Nat. Coll., slide NHMUK010313291 Volynkin (Coll. NHMUK); 1 female, Khasia Hills. Assam / Rothschild Bequest B.M. 1939–1., slide NHMUK010313292 Volynkin (Coll. NHMUK); 1 female, NE India, W Meghalaya, Garo Hills, Nokrek National Park, 25°40'N, 91°04'E, 1150 m, 2–13.VII 1997, Afonin & Sinyaev leg. (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 28 males, 19 females, NE India, W Meghalaya, Umran, 33 km N Shillong, 26°06'N, 92°23'E, 800 m, 14–23.VII.1997, Sinyaev & Afonin leg., slides MWM 31610, MWM 33963 (males), MWM 31611 (female) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 21 males, 11 females, NE India, Assam, Nameri Nat. Park, 40 km N Tezpur, 150 m, 27°20'N, 93°15'E, 24.VII–2.VIII.1997, Sinyaev & Murzin leg., slides MWM 33964 (male), MWM 33965 (female) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 74 males, 12 females, NE India, Assam, Nambor Reserve Forest, Garampani, h = 100 m, 26°30'N, 93°56'E, 21–29.XI.1997, V. Sinyaev & M. Murzin leg., slides MWM 31612, MWM 31617, MWM 33922, MWM 35701 (males), MWM 31613, MWM 33923, MWM 35703 (females) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 4 males, [NE India] Assam: Haflong: Jatinga, 01.X.[19]95 (Coll. NZCZSI). NEPAL. 21 males, 2 females, Nepal, Annapurna Himal, Geirigan village, 1340 m, 28°20'N, 83°45'E, 25. VI.1996, Gy. M. László & G. Ronkay leg., slides MWM 33949 (male), MWM 33950 (female) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 6 males, 1 female, Nepal, Annapurna Himal, 1000m, 1 km S of Bahundanda, 28°20'N, 84°25'E, 06. VI.1996, Hreblay & Szaboky leg. (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 male, Nepal, Annapurna Himal, Ulleri, 1900 m, 28°23'N, 83°43'E, 3.X.1994, Csorba & Ronkay leg. (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 male, Nepal, Annapurna Himal, 850 m, 1 km N of Besisahar, 28°14'N, 84°23'E, 05. VI.1996, Hreblay & Szaboky leg., slide MWM 33962 Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM). MYANMAR. 45 males, 18 females, Myanmar (Burma), 50 km E Putao, env. Nan Thi village, 950 m, 11–16. V 1998, Murzin & Sinyaev leg., slide MWM 33921 (male) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 53 males, 17 females, Myanmar (Burma), 25 km E Putao, env. Nan Sa Bon village, 800 m, 6–9. V.1998, Murzin & Sinyaev leg., slides MWM 33919 (male), MWM 33920 (female) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 21 male, 2 females, Myanmar (Burma), 21 km E Putao Nan Sa Bon village 550 m, 1–5. V.1998, Murzin & Sinyaev leg. (Coll. MWM / ZSM). Remarks. Currently only the red form of this species is known from the Chinese collections. Distribution. SW China * (SE Xizang), N & NE India (Rothschild 1913; Kaleka 2003; Joshi et al. 2018; Volynkin et al. 2020), E Nepal (Volynkin et al. 2020), N Myanmar (Volynkin et al. 2020)., Published as part of Xu, Yong-Qiang, Volynkin, Anton V., Zhu, Li-Juan, Da, Wa, Wang, Min, Fan, Xiao-Ling & Huang, Si-Yao, 2022, Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Barsine Walker, 1854 from Xizang, China with description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini), pp. 557-566 in Zootaxa 5104 (4) on pages 559-560, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/6332193, {"references":["Rothschild, W. (1913) New Lithosianae. Novitates Zoologicae, 20 (1), 192 - 226.","Volynkin, A. V., Huang, S. - Y. & Ivanova, M. S. (2019) An overview of genera and subgenera of the Asura / Miltochrista generic complex (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Part 1. Barsine Walker, 1854 sensu lato, Asura Walker, 1854 and related genera, with descriptions of twenty new genera, ten new subgenera and a check list of taxa of the Asura / Miltochrista generic complex. Ecologica Montenegrina, 26, 14 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.37828 / em. 2019.26.3","Volynkin, A. V., Singh, N., Kirti, J. S. & Datta, H. S. (2020) Description of a new Barsine Walker, 1854 from India and Nepal (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Lithosiini). ZooKeys, 941, 107 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 941.51344","Kaleka, A. P. S. (2003) Revival of genus Barsine Walker (Lithosiinae: Arctiidae: Lepidoptera) along with description of two new species from India. Journal of Entomological Research, 27 (2), 93 - 103.","Joshi, R., Singh, N. & Volynkin, A. V. (2018) New data on the genus Barsine Walker, 1854 from India, with description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa, 4425 (3), 456 - 470. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4425.3.2"]}

Barsine atypicobarsine N. Singh, Kirti & Joshi, 2016 (Figs 21–23, 34, 35, 46) Barsine atypicobarsine N. Singh, Kirti & Joshi in Kirti & N. Singh, 2016: 78 (type locality: NE India, Arunachal Pradesh, Dirang); Volynkin et al. 2019: 67. Material examined. CHINA. 1 male, 21. VII. 2017, Motuo County, Xizang Autonomous Prefecture, slide LHSY028 (Coll. SCAU); 1 female, 25. IX. 2018, Beibeng Town, Motuo County, Xizang Autonomous Prefecture, slide HSY-Bar 3 (Coll. SCAU); 2 males, altitude 824 m, 24. IV. 2020, 29.23254°N, 95.15956°E, Jiangxin Village, Beibeng Town, Motuo County, Xizang Autonomous Prefecture, slide MT1, MT2 (Coll. SCAU). Diagnosis. The forewing length is 13.5– 15 mm in males (n=3) and 16.4 mm in female. The male of B. atypicobarsine is only reminiscent externally of B. guangxiensis Fang, 1991 (Figs 24, 36) distributed in south and southwestern China, but can be readily distinguished by the blackish dorsal side of the abdomen segments and the hindwing (both are pale yellow in B. guangxiensis). Compared to B. guangxiensis, the male genitalia capsule of B. atypicobarsine has a narrower valva, a smaller distal costal process, longer lobes of the distal saccular process, and smaller cornuti on the 2 nd medial diverticulum of the aedeagus vesica. The female of B. atypicobarsine, on the contrary, is most similar to that of the yellow form of B. germana (Fig. 18) but is distinguished by the pointed forewing apex (it is rounded in B. germana), the narrower outer section of the medial area between the Cu and the A 2, and the hindwing upperside with veins suffused with dark scales towards the termen, whereas the hindwing veins of B. germana are yellowish. In the female genitalia of B. atypicobarsine, the ductus bursae is noticeably more elongate than in B. germana. Description of female. Adult. Forewing length 16.4 mm. Antenna filiform. Head, thorax and abdomen yellowish. Forewing ground color yellow, markings black. Subbasal spot rounded. Antemedial, medial and postmedial lines interrupted into variously shaped, small spots on veins. Antemedial line wavy. Medial line slightly shifting outwards at cell. Postmedial line S-shaped, curved outwards at end of cell and shifting inwards above dorsum, nearly touching medial line. Postmedial area with a series of lengthwise streaks of different lengths. Cilia pale yellow. Hindwing upperside ground color somewhat paler than forewing, veins suffused with dark scales towards termen. Cilia pale yellow. Female genitalia. Papilla analis rectangular. Apophysis posterioris and anterioris long and slender, equal in length. Antrum broad, with several longitudinal folds. Ductus bursae short and broad, dorso-ventrally flattened, sclerotized. Corpus bursae large and globular, with small cluster of spinulose scobination medially. Posterior section of corpus bursae and basal section of appendix bursae sclerotized. Appendix bursae short and narrow, conical, heavily sclerotized and covered with graniculi. Remarks. Males of the species vary in size, the degree of expression of the blackish pattern on the forewing, the size of the medial and the distal costal processes, and the length of the dorsal lobe of the distal saccular process in the male genitalia. However, since no differences were found in the COI sequences of these individuals, we consider these morphological differences as merely interspecific. Distribution. SW China * (SE Xizang), NE India (Kirti & Singh 2016)., Published as part of Xu, Yong-Qiang, Volynkin, Anton V., Zhu, Li-Juan, Da, Wa, Wang, Min, Fan, Xiao-Ling & Huang, Si-Yao, 2022, Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Barsine Walker, 1854 from Xizang, China with description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini), pp. 557-566 in Zootaxa 5104 (4) on page 560, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/6332193, {"references":["Volynkin, A. V., Huang, S. - Y. & Ivanova, M. S. (2019) An overview of genera and subgenera of the Asura / Miltochrista generic complex (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Part 1. Barsine Walker, 1854 sensu lato, Asura Walker, 1854 and related genera, with descriptions of twenty new genera, ten new subgenera and a check list of taxa of the Asura / Miltochrista generic complex. Ecologica Montenegrina, 26, 14 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.37828 / em. 2019.26.3","Kirti, J. S. & Singh, N. (2016) Arctiid Moths of India. Vol. 2. Nature Books India, New Delhi, 214 pp."]}

Barsine mahakala S.-Y. Huang & Volynkin, sp. n. (Figs 1���4, 25, 26, 37, 38) Type material. Holotype: male, 19. VII. 2017, altitude 2880 m, Guyu Town, Chayu County, Xizang Autonomous Prefecture, P. R. China, Shi-fang Mo & Fu-hong Wei leg., slide LTS9 (Coll. SCAU). Paratypes: 1 female, same data as for the holotype, slide LTS10 (Coll. SCAU); 3 males, 1 female, same data as for the holotype, slide HSYBar1 (male), HSYBar2 (female) (Coll. SCAU); 1 female, 4���9. VII. 2016, Cibagou, Chayu County, Xizang Autonomous Prefecture, P. R. China, Chao-hui Pan leg., STS-7381 (Coll. CHSY). Diagnosis. Barsine mahakala sp. n. is most similar to B. defecta (Figs 5���8, 27, 28, 39, 40), B. gratissima (Figs 9���12, 29, 30, 41, 42), B. germana (Figs 13���18, 31, 32, 43, 44) and B. kirata (Figs 19���20, 33, 45) distributed in Himalaya, China and Indochina by sharing similar aedeagus vesica and female genitalia structures. However, the new species is externally distinguished from these congeners by the combination of the following characters. 1) The forewing ground color is dull red in both sexes, while in B. defecta, B. gratissima, B. germana and B. kirata it is yellowish. 2) The blackish transverse lines and lengthwise streaks are obsolete with lengthwise streaks present on veins, while in the congeners they are distinct with lengthwise streaks present in cells. 3) The hindwing upperside ground color is greyish-white inwardly and pale reddish-brown outwardly, whereas in B. defecta, B. gratissima, B. germana and B. kirata the ground color of the hindwing is uniformly yellowish or pinkish with a paler inner half. In the male genitalia capsule of the new species, the distal end of the medial costal process is slender, similar to that in B. germana and B. kirata, whereas it is stouter and broader in B. defecta and B. gratissima. The inner margin of the dorsal lobe of the distal saccular process is concave in B. mahakala sp. n., while in B. defecta, B. gratissima, B. germana and B. kirata it is straight or convex. The distal lobe of the distal saccular process of the new species is nearly identical to that of B. germana but shorter than in B. defecta and B. gratissima and markedly longer than in B. kirata. In the aedeagus vesica of B. mahakala sp. n., the 2 nd medial diverticulum is conspicuously shorter and narrower and bears minute cornuti distally, while in the similar congeners it is broader and longer and with larger cornuti distally. In the female genitalia, the sclerotized posterior section of the ductus bursae of the new species is nearly equal in length to that of B. defecta, slightly longer than in B. gratissima and markedly longer than in B. germana and B. kirata. The corpus bursae of B. mahakala sp. n. lacks a signum bursae (similar to B. defecta), while the signum bursae is present in B. gratissima, B. germana and B. kirata. Additionally, the sclerotized section of the corpus bursae of the new species is conspicuously smaller than that of the similar congeners, and the distal end of the appendix bursae is somewhat slenderer than in B. defecta and B. kirata. Description. Male (Figs 1, 2). Forewing length 18���19.6 mm (n=4, 18.8 mm in holotype). Antenna densely ciliate. Head and thorax covered with dull reddish hair-like scales, abdomen covered with whitish and pale reddishbrown hair-like scales. Forewing ground color dull red with yellow suffusion on veins. Forewing pattern pale black, consisting of a subbasal spot, transverse lines and lengthwise streaks. Antemedial line gently convex medially; medial line somewhat curved outwards in discal cell; postmedial line gently shifting outwards medially; lengthwise streaks vestigial, present on veins and varying in length. Cilia dull reddish. Hindwing upper side ground color greyish-white at basal half and pale reddish-brown at distal half. Cilia pale reddish-brown. Female (Figs 3, 4). Forewing length 22.5���24.7 mm (n=3). Similar to male but antenna weakly ciliate, abdomen covered with dull reddish hair-like scales thoroughly, and forewing broader than in male. Genitalia. Male (Figs 25, 26). Uncus elongate and medially curved with claw-shaped tip. Tegumen triangular, relatively short and broad. Juxta broad, X-shaped. Saccus broad, V-shaped. Valva lobular. Costa heavily sclerotized, medial costal process broadly triangular with abruptly narrowed distal end. Membranous lobe of valva relatively broad. Basal saccular process long, reaching base of distal saccular process, smoothly curved dorsally and apically pointed. Distal saccular process short, its distal lobe short, narrowly triangular and apically rounded; dorsal lobe equal in length to distal one but apically wider with concave inner margin. Aedeagus long, tubular and almost straight. Vesica broad with short basal diverticulum. 1 st medial diverticulum of vesica long and broad, with granulation field distally. 2 nd medial diverticulum short, covered with numerous cornuti of different sizes from base to subapical section, in some individuals with small additional outer lobe covered by minute granulation (Fig. 25). Medial dorsal diverticulum short, positioned at the junction of 1 st, 2 nd and 5 th medial diverticula. 3 rd medial diverticulum long and broad, covered with numerous cornuti of different sizes thoroughly. 4 th medial diverticulum vestigial. 5 th medial diverticulum globular, covered with numerous cornuti of various sizes distally. Basal plate of vesica ejaculatorius long and broad, triangular. Female (Figs 37, 38). Papilla analis rectangular. Apophysis posterioris and anterioris long and slender, the former one slightly longer and thicker than the latter one. Antrum broad, with several broad longitudinal folds. Ductus bursae moderately long and broad, dorso-ventrally flattened, sclerotized. Corpus bursae globular, slightly varying in size, with sclerotized posterior section and small spinules field medially. Appendix bursae large, heavily sclerotized and cone-shaped, covered with graniculi medially and distally. Distribution. Currently only known from Chayu County, Southeastern Xizang, China. Etymology. The specific epithet ���mahakala��� refers to a powerful guardian deity in various Asian religions., Published as part of Xu, Yong-Qiang, Volynkin, Anton V., Zhu, Li-Juan, Da, Wa, Wang, Min, Fan, Xiao-Ling & Huang, Si-Yao, 2022, Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Barsine Walker, 1854 from Xizang, China with description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini), pp. 557-566 in Zootaxa 5104 (4) on pages 558-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/6332193