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43 results on '"Zhu, W.Y."'

18. Comparison of Fecal Methanogenic Archaeal Community Between Erhualian and Landrace Pigs Using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis and Real-Time PCR Analysis

Author

Su, Y., Smidt, H., Zhu, W.Y., Su, Y., Smidt, H., and Zhu, W.Y.

Abstract

Erhualian and Landrace breeds are typical genetically obese and lean pigs, respectively. To compare the fecal methanogenic Archaeal community between these two pig breeds, fecal samples from different growth phase pigs were collected and used for PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) with two primer pairs (344fGC/519r and 519f/915rGC) and real-time PCR analysis. Results showed that a better separation and higher quality of bands pattern were obtained in DGGE profiles using primers 344fGC/519r as compared with primers 519f/915rGC. Sequencing of DGGE bands showed that the predominant methanogens in the feces of Erhualian and Landrace pigs belonged to Methanobrevibacter spp. and Methanosphaera spp. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in the numbers of fecal total methanogens between Erhualian and Landrace pigs; however, pig growth phase affected the numbers of 16S rRNA genes of total methanogens and Methanobrevibacter smithii. Dissociation curves of methyl coenzyme-M reductase subunit A (mcrA) gene fragments amplified with real-time PCR showed all samples possessed a single peak at 82°C, which might be associated with M. smithii. Samples from the same growth phase of each breed showed good replicative dissociation curves. The results suggest that the growth phase (including diet factor) other than genotype of pig may affect the fecal methanogenic Archaeal community of pigs.

Published
2014

19. Early Methanogenic Colonisation in the Faeces of Meishan and Yorkshire Piglets as Determined by Pyrosequencing Analysis

Author

Su, Y., Bian, G.R., Zhu, Z.G., Smidt, H., Zhu, W.Y., Su, Y., Bian, G.R., Zhu, Z.G., Smidt, H., and Zhu, W.Y.

Abstract

Gut methanogenic archaea of monogastric animals are considered to be related to energy metabolism and adipose deposition of the host; however, information on their development in young piglets is limited. Thus, to investigate early methanogenic colonisation in the faeces of Meishan and Yorkshire piglets, faecal samples were collected from piglets at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after birth and used to analyse the methanogenic community with 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. Results showed that the diversity of the methanogenic community in the faeces of neonatal piglets decreased from one to 14 days of age, as the total methanogen populations increased. The age of piglets, but not the breed, significantly affected the diversity of the methanogenic community which was dominated by the genus Methanobrevibacter. From the ages of one to 14 days, the abundance of M. smithii-related operational taxonomic units (OTUs) increased significantly, while the abundances of M. thaueri- and M. millerae-related OTUs decreased significantly. The substitution of M. smithii for M. thaueri/M. millerae was faster in Yorkshire piglets than in Meishan piglets. These results suggest that the early establishment of microbiota in neonatal piglets is accompanied by dramatic changes in the methanogenic community, and that the changes vary among pigs of different genotypes.

Published
2014

20. Changes in abundance of Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus suis in the stomach, jejunum and ileum of piglets after weaning

Author

Su, Y., Yao, W., Perez-Gutierrez, O.N., Smidt, H., and Zhu, W.Y.

Subjects
microbial-populations, Animal Nutrition, 16s ribosomal-rna, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, pigs, translocation, Microbiology, Diervoeding, diversity, serotypes, gradient gel-electrophoresis, Microbiologie, pcr assays, WIAS, genes, intestinal flora, VLAG
Abstract

This present study investigated the changes in bacterial community composition, with an emphasis on Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus suis populations as potentially beneficial and harmful groups, in the stomach, jejunum and ileum of piglets after weaning (21 days postpartum) by 16S rRNA gene-based methods. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed that, after weaning, predominant bands related to Lactobacillus spp. disappeared and were replaced by potential pathogenic species, such as Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Moraxella cuniculi, S. suis and Porphyromonas catoniae. Real-time PCR revealed that the abundances of lactobacilli and Lactobacillus sobrius as a proportion of total bacterial abundance were significantly lower in the stomach, jejunum and ileum of weaned piglets than in 21-day-old piglets. A specific and sensitive real-time PCR assay was developed for quantification of the important pathogen S. suis within gastrointestinal microbiota. The assay showed that S. suis predominated in the stomach samples of weaned piglets with population levels up to 10(7) copies g(-1) digesta, while it was not detected in the stomach before weaning. Streptococcus suis was not dominant in the jejunum and ileum digesta before weaning, but became dominant after weaning, with population levels up to 10(7) copies g(-1) digesta. The results demonstrated for the first time the postweaning dominance of the potentially harmful S. suis in piglet intestine. The results also suggest that the defensive barrier of the stomach can be impaired as S. suis became dominant while the proportion of Lactobacillus populations decreased after weaning, which may further result in an increase of S. suis abundance in the intestine

Published
2008

22. Postnatal development of the intestinal microbiota of the pig

Author

Akkermans, A.D.L., Konstantinov, S.R., Zhu, W.Y., Favier, C., Williams, B.A., ProdInra, Migration, Unité mixte de recherche veau et porc (UMR VP), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Animal Nutrition, Microbiologie, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], WIAS, Life Science, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [INFO] Computer Science [cs], Microbiology, Diervoeding, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, VLAG
Abstract

International audience

Published
2003

23. Lean Breed Landrace Pigs Harbor Fecal Methanogens at Higher Diversity and Density than Obese Breed Erhualian Pigs

Author

Luo, Y.H., Su, Y., Wright, A.D.G., Zhang, L.L., Smidt, H., Zhu, W.Y., Luo, Y.H., Su, Y., Wright, A.D.G., Zhang, L.L., Smidt, H., and Zhu, W.Y.

Abstract

The diversity of fecal methanogens of Erhualian (obese type) and Landrace (lean type) pigs was examined using separate 16S rRNA gene libraries for each breed. A total of 763 clones were analyzed; 381 from the Erhualian library and 382 from the Landrace library were identified belonging to the genus Methanobrevibacter. Others were identified belonging to the genus Methanosphaera. The two libraries showed significant differences in diversity (P <0.05) and composition (P <0.0001). Only two operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found in both libraries, whereas six OTUs were found only in the Erhualian library and 23 OTUs were found only in the Landrace library. Real-time PCR showed that the abundance of fecal methanogens in Landrace pigs was significantly higher than that in Erhualian pigs (P <0.05). Results showed that the Landrace pig (lean) harbored a greater diversity and higher numbers of methanogen mcrA gene copies than the Erhualian pig (obese). These differences may be related to the fatness or leanness in these two pig breeds. The results provide new leads for further investigations on the fat storage of pigs or even humans.

Published
2012

25. Managing the developing gut microbiota of growing piglets - novel probiotic and prebiotic strategies

Author

Verstegen, Martin, Smidt, Hauke, Zhu, W.Y., Yao, W., Verstegen, Martin, Smidt, Hauke, Zhu, W.Y., and Yao, W.

Abstract

Keywords: creep feeding, weaning, intestinal microbiota, Lactobacillus sobrius, prebiotics, daidzein, probiotics, 16S rRNA, DGGE, cloning, real-time PCR Nursing is a major critical period in the life of piglets. On one hand maternal antibodies are not able to cross the placenta, thus piglets are born without circulating antibodies and consequently lack maternal passive protection. On the other hand, creep-feeding and weaning increase susceptibility to gut disorders, infections and diarrhea. Therefore clarification of the composition and function of the normal gut microbiota of piglets is pivotal as a knowledge base for the design of innovative nutritional strategies based on pre- and probiotics to keep piglets healthy. The objectives of this study were to describe the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota of piglets during the nursing period through creep feeding and weaning, to in vivo and in vitro evaluate the effect of daidzein on composition and function of intestinal microbiota of nursing piglets in order to evaluate its prebiotic function, and to investigate the probiotic effect of Lactobacillus sobrius S1 on composition and function of intestinal microbiota of nursing piglets. The porcine intestinal microbiota development and diversity, the in vivo and in vitro evaluation of prebiotic effect of daidzein and the investigation of probiotic effect of Lactobacillus sobrius S1 on composition and function of intestinal microbiota of piglets during nursing period through creep feeding and weaning was described using real-time PCR, and PCR analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and cloning, in combination with analysis of gas production, lactate and VFA yield. The data obtained during the course of the study indicated that 1) Early creep-feeding stabilizes the microbiota of piglets around the weaning period. 2) Lactobacillus communities follow a successional change associated with piglet growth and diet sh

Published
2008

27. Isolation and characterization of Bacillus spp. M001 for potential application in turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus L.) against Vibrio anguillarum.

Author

Chen, Y., Li, J., Xiao, P., Li, G.Y., Yue, S., Huang, J., Zhu, W.Y., and Mo, Z.L.

Subjects
PSETTA maxima, BACILLUS (Bacteria), VIBRIO anguillarum, FISH microbiology, PROBIOTICS, AQUACULTURE
Abstract

The aim of this study was to screen Bacillus strains from the guts of Scophthalmus maximus, Paralichthys olivacues, Epinephelus coioides and Clupanodon punctatus, for use as probiotics in aquaculture. Eight Bacillus strains were screened, and strain M001 was selected for probiotic study based on its antagonistic activity against multiple aquatic bacterial pathogens including Vibrio anguillarum, V. campbellii, V. vulnificus, V. parahamolyticus, Streptococcus sp. and Edwardsiella tarda. M001 was identified as B. amyloliquefaciens based on the biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene analysis. In vitro experiments revealed that M001 was able to grow at a wider range of temperature, pH and salinity and was capable to use turbot mucus as nutrient for growth. Additionally, M001 isolate greatly inhibited the growth of V. anguillarum by producing antibacterial substances and was acid tolerance, non-antibiotic resistance and non-harmful. Thereafter, the potential probiotic effect of M001 was tested in turbot by dietary administration of M001 at a dose of 108 CFU g−1 diet for 42 days. No significant differences of weight gain, specific growth rate and feed ratio were found in the M001-diet group of fish compared with control fish, but which increased, respectively, by 5.5%, 4.7% and 7.0% after 42 days of feeding. Several digestive enzyme activities were found to increase significantly in the M001-diet group, including protease and amylase activities in hepatopancreas, protease activity in intestine and lipase activity in stomach ( P < 0.05). Sera superoxide dismutase activity and total protein content ( P < 0.05) were also increased significantly ( P < 0.05) in the M001-diet group. The challenge experiment showed that the M001-diet group of fish showed a relative per cent of survival of 62.7% against V. anguillarim infection. The Bacillus M001 identified from this study has good potential to provide vibriosis control as probiotic feed additive for turbot aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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41. Effect of tea saponin on methanogenesis, microbial community structure and expression of mcrA gene, in cultures of rumen micro-organisms.

Author

Guo, Y.Q., Liu, J.-X., Lu, Y., Zhu, W.Y., Denman, S.E., and McSweeney, C.S.

Subjects
TEA, SAPONINS, RUMEN (Ruminants), GENES, MICROORGANISMS
Abstract

Aims: To determine the in-vitro effect and mode of action of tea saponin on the rumen microbial community and methane production. Methods and Results: Saponin extracted from tea seeds was added to (1) an in-vitro fermentation inoculated with rumen fluid and (2) a pure culture of Methanobrevibacter ruminantium. Methane production and expression of the methyl coenzyme-M reductase subunit A ( mcrA) were monitored in both cultures. Abundance of methanogens, protozoa, rumen fungi and cellulolytic bacteria were quantified using real-time PCR, and bacterial diversity was observed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Addition of tea saponin significantly reduced methane production and mcrA gene expression in the ruminal fermentation but not with the pure culture of M. ruminantium. The abundance of protozoa and fungi were significantly decreased 50% and 79% respectively but methanogen numbers were not affected, and Fibrobacter succinogenes increased by 41%. Bacterial diversity was similar in cultures with or without tea saponin. Conclusions: Tea saponin appeared to reduce methane production by inhibiting protozoa and presumably lowering methanogenic activity of protozoal-associated methanogens. Significance and Impact of the Study: Tea saponin may be useful as a supplement to indirectly inhibit methane production in ruminants without a deleterious effect on rumen function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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42. Human papillomavirus (HPV) and herpes virus (HV) are not detected in benign and malignant prostatic tissue

Author

Serfling, U., Zhu, W.Y., Ciancio, G., Penneys, N., and Leonardi, C.

Subjects
Prostate cancer -- Research, Papillomaviruses -- Research, Herpesviruses -- Research, Health, Science and technology
Abstract

AUTHORS: U. Serfling, W.Y. Zhu, G. Ciancio, N. Penneys and C. Leonardi. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. According to the authors' abstract of [...]

Published
1992

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