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Background In 2020, there were 62 000 new cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in China, accounting for about 80% of the NPC cases worldwide. Analysis of the trend and projection of the incidence and mortality of NPC can provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of NPC. Objective To evaluate the trend of incidence and mortality of NPC in Chinese residents, and explore the effects of age, period and cohort on the risk of incidence and death of NPC. Methods From December 2022 to January 2023, data on the ASIR (age standardized incidence rate) and ASMR (age standardized mortality rate) of NPC in China were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trends in ASIR and ASMR of NPC in China from 1990 to 2019. The age-period-cohort model was used to analyze the age effect, period effect and cohort effect affecting the risk of incidence and death of NPC in China. The ASIR and ASMR of NPC in China in the next 20 years were predicted using the R BAPC package. Results There was an overall increasing trend in ASIR of NPC (AAPC=1.82, P

Two-dimensional materials have become a major focus in materials chemistry research worldwide with substantial efforts centered on synthesis, property characterization, and technological application. These high-aspect ratio sheet-like solids come in a wide array of chemical compositions, crystal phases, and physical forms, and are anticipated to enable a host of future technologies in areas that include electronics, sensors, coatings, barriers, energy storage and conversion, and biomedicine. A parallel effort has begun to understand the biological and environmental interactions of synthetic nanosheets, both to enable the biomedical developments and to ensure human health and safety for all application fields. This review covers the most recent literature on the biological responses to 2D materials and also draws from older literature on natural lamellar minerals to provide additional insight into the essential chemical behaviors. The article proposes a framework for more systematic investigation of biological behavior in the future, rooted in fundamental materials chemistry and physics. That framework considers three fundamental interaction modes: (i) chemical interactions and phase transformations, (ii) electronic and surface redox interactions, and (iii) physical and mechanical interactions that are unique to near-atomically-thin, high-aspect-ratio solids. Two-dimensional materials are shown to exhibit a wide range of behaviors, which reflect the diversity in their chemical compositions, and many are expected to undergo reactive dissolution processes that will be key to understanding their behaviors and interpreting biological response data. The review concludes with a series of recommendations for high-priority research subtopics at the "bio-nanosheet" interface that we hope will enable safe and successful development of technologies related to two-dimensional nanomaterials.

Acer pictum subsp. mono is a colored leaf tree with vital ornamental and economic value. However, insufficient color change and early leaf fall in cities restrict its ornamental value. In this research, green and red leaves from wild A. p. subsp. mono were collected to study the regulatory mechanisms of leaf color change. Through the determination of plant physiological indexes, we found that the photosynthetic pigment content in red leaves decreased significantly compared with green leaves, while the anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity increased significantly compared with green leaves during the leaf color change process. Using transcriptome sequencing, we found more than 5500 differentially expressed genes, most of which were up-regulated. Many of the differentially expressed genes are involved in the anthocyanin metabolic pathway. The expression patterns of 15 key genes were investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Among these genes, AmDFR and PAL1 are significant genes involved in the anthocyanin metabolic pathway, and CIPKs2, CIPKs6, CMLs1, CMLs38, AmGST1, AmGST2, GPX3, CBF, AmAPX, AmSOD, POD5, AmGR, and PSBY might be stress response genes that indirectly regulated the anthocyanin accumulation. The results showed that these genes play vital roles in the leaf color change of A. p. subsp. mono. This research will be helpful in further study of the molecular regulatory mechanisms of leaf color change and for the improvement of colored leaf plants. Key words: Acer pictum subsp. mono, leaf color change, plant physiological index, transcriptome, molecular mechanism. Resume : L' Acer pictum subsp. mono est un arbre au feuillage colore qui a une valeur ornementale et economique. Cependant, un changement de couleur insuffisant ou une chute precoce des feuilles reduisent sa valeur. Dans ce travail, des feuilles vertes et rouges d'arbres sauvages de l'A. p. subsp. mono ont ete recoltees pour etudier les mecanismes regulant le changement de couleur des feuilles. Via la determination d'indices physiologiques, les auteurs ont trouve que la teneur en pigment photosynthetique chez les feuilles rouges declinait rapidement par rapport aux feuilles vertes, tandis que la teneur en anthocyanes et en activite antioxydante augmentait consi-derablement par rapport aux feuilles vertes au cours du processus de changement de couleur. En sequencant le transcriptome, les auteurs ont identifie plus de 5 500 genes qui etaient exprimes differemment, la plupart etant plus fortement exprimes. Plusieurs de ces genes sont impliques dans la voie metabolique des anthocyanes. L'expression de 15 genes cles a ete etudiee par amplification PCR en temps reel. Parmi ces genes, AmDFR et PAL1 sont des genes importants dans la voie metabolique des anthocyanes, tandis que les genes CIPKs2, CIPKs6, CMLs1, CMLs38, AmGST1, AmGST2, GPX3, CBF, AmAPX, AmSOD, POD5, AmGR et PSBY sont vraisemblablement des genes de reponse aux stress qui regulent indirectement l'accumulation des anthocyanes. Les resultats montrent que ces genes jouent des roles essentiels dans le changement de la couleur des feuilles chez l'A. p. subsp. mono. Cette recherche sera utile pour des etudes plus approfondies des mecanismes de regulation du changement de la couleur des feuilles et pour l'amelioration des plantes au feuillage colore. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : Acer pictum subsp. mono, changement de la couleur du feuillage, indice physiologique, transcriptome, mecanisme moleculaire., Introduction Acer pictum subsp. mono is a perennial deciduous tree species in the family Aceraceae. It is widely distributed in Northeast China, North China, and all provinces of the Yangtze [...]

F-actin microstructures dominate cellular viscoelasticity and have been used to identify the migration and malignance of living cancer cells. Diabetic cancer patients suffer from increased metastasis and tumor recurrence. However, the long-term evolution and correlation of F-actin microstructures and viscoelasticity distribution are still poorly understood in living cancer cells under varying glucose environment. Herein, by using atomic force microscopy with amplitude modulation-frequency modulation and nanoindentation mode, we characterized the hierarchical F-actin microstructures and the multi-passage viscoelasticity evolution in living Huh-7 cancer cells transferred from high to low glucose level. The highly oriented stress fibers connected by thinner fiber networks were observed in high glucose environment. The circumferential actin networks composed by straight segment-like fibers and the randomly distributed actin fragments connected by ultrathin crosslinking fibers were observed in low glucose environment. The viscoelasticity within the nucleus and the cytoplasm of living Huh-7 cancer cells showed long-term fluctuations over tens of passages after switching glucose environments. The viscoelasticity of cytoplasm was more responsive to the change of glucose environments than nucleus, which was due to the reorganization of F-actin microstructures. Our work provides the microstructural and nanomechanical understanding on the migration and proliferation of living cancer cells under varying glucose environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Author(s): Wooseong Kim [1]; Wenpeng Zhu [2]; Gabriel Lambert Hendricks [1]; Daria Van Tyne [3, 4]; Andrew D. Steele [5, 6]; Colleen E. Keohane [5, 6]; Nico Fricke [2]; Annie [...]

Organic molecule doping is one of the main strategies to enhance the performance and sustainability of organometal halide perovskite polycrystalline films. However, the mechanisms for interpreting organic molecule doping are poorly understood, limiting the development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we revisit regular perovskite films and study the doping effects of two typical organic molecules. With PCBM and PMMA doping, the CH3NH3PbI3 films showed higher homogeneity in their crystalline structure, chemical composition, surface topography and potential. The binding of organic molecules to PbI2 inhibited the migration of Pb and the aggregation of CH3NH3+ vacancies. PMMA induced the formation of CH3NH3PbI3 nanofibers, which bridged the grains and increased the intergrain connectivity. The CH3NH3PbI3 films doped with organic molecules showed a five-fold increase in photoexcited carrier lifetime (>1 μs) with an enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability. Our work offers insight into the doping of organic molecules in perovskite films and paves the way for the further optimization of PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]